登革2型病毒E蛋白结构域Ⅲ的表达及多克隆抗体制备

登革病毒（Dengue virus,DENV）属于黄病毒科（Flaviviridae）,黄病毒属（Flavivirus）,为单股正链RNA病毒,有4个不同的血清型（DENV-1,2,3,4）,主要通过埃及伊蚊（Aedes aegypti）和白纹伊蚊（Aedes albopictus）传播,可引起登革热、登革出血热、登革休克综合征等多种疾病。     

登革2型病毒E蛋白结构域III的表达及多克隆抗体制备

登革病毒(Dengue virus,DENV)属于黄病毒科(Flaviviridae),黄病毒属(Flavivirus),为单股正链RNA病毒,有4个不同的血清型(DENV-1,2,3,4),主要通过埃及伊蚊(Aedes aegypti)和白纹伊蚊(Aedes albopictus)传播,可引起登革热、登革出血热、登革休克综合征等多种疾病[1,2]。E蛋白是位于DENV表面的结构蛋白,由495个氨基酸组成,它既含有黄病毒亚群特异的和登革病毒血清型特异的抗原表位,又有与中和,血凝抑制作用有关的抗原表位,是病毒颗粒的主要包膜蛋白[3]。Modis等研究表明,DENV-2型E蛋白以延伸的二聚体形式平铺在病毒表面,折叠成3个不…     

虫媒黄病毒嵌合疫苗研究进展

黄病毒科黄病毒属包括70多种病毒,分为几种抗原复合组,大多数黄病毒为节肢动物传播的,其中40％以上的病毒对人有致病性,最重要的疾病有登革热／登革出血热(DEN／DHF),日本脑炎(乙型脑炎,JE),黄热(YF),西尼罗热(WNF)和璧虱传播脑炎(森林脑炎,TBE)等。登革热每年约有数千万至1亿病人,数十万人发生严重的登革出血热。乙脑每年约发生4～5万病例,病死率25％,45％     

新型登革疫苗研究进展

登革病毒(Dengue virus,DENV)以伊蚊为主要传播媒介,可感染人,引起登革热(Dengue fever,DF)、登革出血热(Dengue hemorrhagic fever,DHF)及登革休克综合征(Dengue shock syndrome,DSS),其中以登革热最常见,广泛流行于热带和亚     

新型登革疫苗研究进展

登革病毒(Dengue virus,DENV)以伊蚊为主要传播媒介,可感染人,引起登革热(Dengue fever,DF)、登革出血热(Dengue hemorrhagic fever,DHF)及登革休克综合征(Dengue shock syndrome,DSS),其中以登革热最常见,广泛流行于热带和亚     

虫媒黄病毒嵌合疫苗研究进展

黄病毒科黄病毒属包括70多种病毒,分为几种抗原复合组,大多数黄病毒为节肢动物传播的,其中40%以上的病毒对人有致病性,最重要的疾病有登革热/登革出血热(DEN/DHF),日本脑炎(乙型脑炎,JE),黄热(YF),西尼罗热(WNF)和璧虱传播脑炎(森林脑炎,TBE)等.登革热每年约有数千万至1亿病人,数十万人发生严重的登革出血热.乙脑每年约发生4～5万病例,病死率25%,45%的患者发生神经学或生理学上的后遗症.当前对黄热病已有减毒活疫苗,对登革热还没有疫苗,对乙脑已有鼠脑和地鼠肾细胞灭活疫苗和减毒活疫苗,对璧虱脑炎已有灭活疫苗,但各种疫苗都还存在一定的不足,有必要进一步改进和提高.     

吉林、黑龙江两省新发现的四种伊蚊

作者于1957年,在吉林省大石头的黎明林区(黎明属安图县)、长春郊区的净月潭、图们、临江、大沙河林区(抚松县)、辑安及黑龙江省伊春、鸟敏河、马厂(皆属伊春县)和太平沟林区(宁安县)等地进行了蚊类的调查采集。将采得的标本经整理鉴定,发现有西乃伊蚊 Aedes(Ae.)cinereus、赛浦伊蚊 Aedes(O.)cyprius、地安伊蚊 Aedes(O.)dianta eus、     

重庆常见蚊科越冬初步观察

重庆蚊子种类很多,其中与人关系最密切的有中华按蚊、致倦库蚊、白纹伊蚊、骚扰阿蚊等四种,它们如何越冬,在消灭蚊子与疾病防治上,是一个值得研究的问题。 在我国,关于蚊虫越冬调查以及越冬蚊虫生理的研究,报告得不多,冯兰洲在1937年曾就北京主要蚊种进行研究,观察到以卵越冬者有:仁川伊蚊Aedes(S)chemulpoensis、汉城伊蚊Aedes(F.)seoulensis、朝鲜伊蚊Aedes(F.)koreicus、多斑伊蚊Aedes(O.)maculatus等四种。以幼虫越冬有:帕氏按蚊 Anopheles(M.)pattoni、林氏按蚊Anopheles     

不同地理株白纹伊蚊同工酶和可溶性蛋白的比较研究

采用生化技术进行蚊虫分类学和亲缘关系的研究,国外已有不少报道。Robert等综述了昆虫同工酶及其意义;McDonald等和我国的缪建吾都分别报道了白纹伊蚊的酯酶及可溶性蛋白的电泳图谱,但目前尚未见到对不同地理株的同种蚊虫的生化分析结果。我们采用聚丙烯酰胺凝胶电泳(PAGE)和等电点聚焦电泳(IFE),先后对三属六种十二株伊蚊、库蚊及按蚊作了酯酶、α-磷酸甘油脱氢酶及蛋白的生化分析。现将结果报告如下。一、材料和方法 1、实验材料采用本所饲养的白蚊伊蚊[Aedes albopictus(Skuse)]广州株、南宁株、上海株、海南株、云南株及宜兴株;埃及伊蚊[Aedes aegypti(Linnaeus)]Bora-Bora株和海南株;黄斑伊蚊(Aedes flavopitus Yamada)。淡色库蚊     

中国伊蚊属一新纪录

克里特伊蚊Aedes (Neomacleaya) Cretatus Delfinado,1967 1980年采自西双版纳勐腊县溪沟旁竹林中,它是我国新麦蚊亚属中已知的第二个种,与该亚属的主帅伊蚊Aedes (Neomacleaya) dux近似,但具有下列综合特征足资以区别后者。雌蚊背板Ⅱ—Ⅵ有明     

Stereospecific 2'-amination and 2'-chlorination of adenosine by Actinomadura in the biosynthesis of 2'-amino-2'-deoxyadenosine and 2'-chloro-2'-deoxycoformycin

2'-Amino-2'-deoxyadenosine and 2'-chloro-2'-deoxycoformycin (2'-CldCF) are two nucleoside antibiotics produced by Actinomadura. The biosynthesis of these two nucleoside antibiotics has been studied by the addition of [U-14C]adenosine with or without unlabeled adenine to cultures of Actinomadura. By this experimental approach, it is possible to demonstrate that adenosine is the direct precursor for the biosynthesis of 2'-amino-2'-deoxyadenosine and 2'-CldCF. These conclusions are based on the observation that the percentage distribution of 14C in the aglyconic and pentofuranosyl moieties of 2'-amino-2'-deoxyadenosine and 2'-CldCF were similar to the distribution of 14C in the adenine and ribosyl moieties of the [U-14C]adenosine (i.e., 48:52) added to cultures of Actinomadura. Experimentally, the percentage distribution of 14C in the (i) adenine:2-amino-2-deoxy-beta-D-ribofuranose of 2'-amino-2'-deoxyadenosine is 51:49; (ii) 8-(R)-3,6,7,8-tetrahydroimidazo[4,5-d]-[1,3-diazepin-8-o1]:2 -chloro-2- beta-D-ribofuranose of 2'-CldCF is 45:55; and (iii) adenine:ribose of the adenosine isolated from the RNA of Actinomadura is 42:58. Further proof that adenosine is the direct precursor for the biosynthesis 2'-amino-2'-deoxyadenosine and 2'-CldCF was demonstrated by the addition of 75 mumol of unlabeled adenine together with [U-14C]adenosine to nucleoside-producing cultures of Actinomadura. The percentage distribution of 14C in the aglycon and the sugar moieties of 2'-amino-2'-deoxyadenosine and 2'-CldCF were 46:54 and 47:53, respectively; the percentage distribution of 14C in the adenine and ribose moieties of the adenosine isolated from the RNA of Actinomadura was 51:49. These data show that the hydroxyl on C-2' of the ribosyl moiety of adenosine undergoes a replacement by a 2'-amino or a 2'-chloro group to form 2'-amino-2'-deoxyadenosine or 2'-CldCF with retention of stereconfiguration at C-2'. Finally, Actinomadura can utilize inorganic chloride from the medium as demonstrated by the isolation of [36Cl]2'-CldCF following the addition of [36Cl]chloride to the culture medium. Mechanisms for the regioselective modification of the C-2' hydroxyl group and stereospecific insertion of the amino and chloro groups are discussed.     

Preparation of glycosides of 2-deoxy-2-methylamino-D-mannose, 2-deoxy-2-methylamino-D-glucose,and 2-deoxy-2-methylamino-D-galactose: observations on N-methylation of amides

Benzyl 2-[(benzyloxycarbonyl)methylamino]-2-deoxy-α-D-mannopyranoside (10) and its furanose isomer (9), the derived N-methyloxazolidinones 11 and 6, benzyl 2-[(benzyloxycarbonyl)methylamino]-2-deoxy-β-D-glucofuranoside (15) and methyl 2-deoxy-2-methylacetamido-β-D-galactofuranoside (20), were prepared from appropriate diethyl dithioacetals. They were considered the most suitable starting materials for synthesis of O-methyl-2-deoxy-2-methylamino-hexoses because of their ease of preparation and the presence of suitable blocking groups. Oxazolidinones were prepared from N-benzyloxycarbonyl derivatives of 2-amino-2-deoxy-D-mannose by using methanolic sodium methoxide. Their use in preparation of 2-deoxy-2-methyl-amino derivatives is discussed. The Kuhn reagent was used in these syntheses for N-methylating amides. However, certain amides containing comparatively bulky substituents in the vicinity of the NH group are resistant to methylation.     

Synthesis and physicochemical properties of 2'-deoxy-2',2'-difluoro-beta-D-ribofuranosyl and 2'-deoxy-2',2'-difluoro-alpha-D-ribofuranosyl oligonucleotides

We present procedures for nucleoside and oligonucleotide synthesis, binding affinity (Tm) and structural analysis (CD spectra) of 2'-deoxy-2',2'-difluoro-alpha-D-ribofuranosyl and 2'-deoxy-2',2'-difluoro-beta-D-ribofuranosyl oligothymidylates. Possible reasons for the thermal instability of duplexes formed between these compounds and RNA or DNA targets are discussed.     

Stereoselective Synthesis of 2-Amino-2-deoxy-d-arabinose and 2-Deoxy-d-ribose

An efficient method for the stereoselective synthesis of 2-amino-2-deoxy-d-arabinose and 2-deoxy-d-ribose is described.

The key step in this method was accomplished by the nucleophilic addition of methyl isocyanoacetate to 2,3-O-isopropylidene-d-glyceraldehyde with high erythro-selectivity (nearly 100%).

Subsequent intermolecular cyclization predominantly gave the desired oxazoline derivative (trans-form), in which two new chiral centers were formed. The oxazoline derivative was efficiently converted to both 2-amino-2-deoxy-d-arabinose and 2-deoxy-d-ribose.     

Convenient synthesis of 2'-deoxy-2-fluoroadenosine from 2-fluoroadenine

A convenient synthesis of 2'-deoxy-2-fluoroadenosine from commercially available 2-fluoroadenine is described. The coupling reaction of silylated 2-fluoroadenine with phenyl 3,5-bis[O-(t-butyldimethylsilyl)]-2-deoxy-1-thio-D-erythro-pentofuranoside gave the corresponding 2-fluoro-2'-deoxyadenosine derivative (alpha/beta = 1:1) in good yield. The alpha- and beta-anomers were separated by chromatography, and then desilylated to give compounds 1a and 1b.     

A concise synthesis of 4-nitrophenyl 2-azido-2-deoxy- and 2-acetamido-2-deoxy-D-mannopyranosides

4-nitrophenyl 3,4,6-tri-O-acetyl-2-azido-2-deoxy-alpha- and beta-D-mannopyranosides were prepared from methyl 4,6-O-benzylidene-alpha-D-glucopyranoside and 1,3,4,6-tetra-O-acetyl-alpha-D-glucopyranose, respectively. Chemoselective reduction of both azides with hydrogen sulfide readily afforded 4-nitrophenyl 2-acetamido-4,6-di-O-acetyl-2-deoxy-alpha-D- and -beta-D-mannopyranosides in higher yields than reduction with triphenylphosphine or a polymer-supported triarylphosphine. Subsequent de-O-acetylation yielded 4-nitrophenyl 2-acetamido-2-deoxy-alpha-D-mannopyranoside and 4-nitrophenyl 2-acetamido-2-deoxy-beta-D-mannopyranoside in 20% and 44% overall yields, respectively.     

Characterization of alpha 2 beta 2 and alpha 2 forms of kinesin

Bovine brain kinesin separates into two components on sucrose density gradient centrifugation. The predominant component is a heterotetramer of two 120 kDa alpha subunits and two 64 kDa beta subunits with an sedimentation coefficient of 9.6 S and a low Vm rate of microtubule-stimulated ATPase of 1.3 +/- 0.5 sec-1 at 25 degrees, pH 7.0. The minor element is a homodimer of two alpha subunits without beta subunits with a sedimentation coefficient of 6.9 S and a higher Vm rate of microtubule-stimulated ATPase of 7.0 +/- 1.9 sec-1. Microtubules stimulate the rate of release of ADP from the active site of the tetramer, but the rate of release is not fast enough to account for the rate of steady state ATP hydrolysis. Further complexity is indicated by biphasic release kinetics. In spite of the large difference in Vm ATPase rate for the two species, both drive the sliding of sea urchin axonemes over glass surfaces at the same velocity.