重组逆转录病毒载体GTK的构建及HyTK基因转移的研究

用逆转录病毒载体将单纯疱疹病毒苷激酶基因（ＨＳＶｔｋ）导入恶性肿瘤细胞,随后可应用药物９（１,３－二羟基－珍氧基－甲基）鸟嘌呤选择性地杀死肿瘤细胞,将ＨｙＴＫ基因替换逆转录病毒载体ＧｌＮａ中的ｎｅｏ基因,构建成重组逆转病毒载体ＧＴＫ,转染混合包装细胞（双噬性ＰＡ３１７细胞和单噬性ＧＰ＋Ｅ－８６细胞）,通过“乒乓效应”获得高滴度重组病毒,用该重组病毒转染不鼠恶性黑色素瘤细胞系Ｂ１６细胞,用ｙｇｒｏｍ     

bcl-2高表达细胞株的构建

利用基因转染技术,将人的bcl-2基因cDNA克隆于逆转录病毒载体pLXSN,通过PA317细胞包装成病毒后感染HeLa细胞。经PCR及蛋白质印迹证明转染成功,得到bcl-2稳定高表达株Hbc17。用顺铂诱导凋亡,Hbc17比对照细胞株H1具有明显的抗凋亡能力。为进一步研究顺铂诱导肿瘤细胞凋亡的机理奠定基础。     

慢病毒载体pITA-HBP1的构建及感染效率的测定

慢病毒载体是目前基因治疗中研究较多的载体, 与通常使用的逆转录病毒载体和腺病毒载体比较, 它有感染非分裂期细胞及容纳大片段外源性目的基因等优点.本文应用基因重组的方法,构建了1种新型的慢病毒载体,并将转录因子HBP1基因插入到这一载体上,成为pITA-HBP1.检测其在人的肿瘤细胞和正常细胞中的转染效率,发现转染效率明显增加,Western 印迹证实外源基因得到高效表达.这一结果,对今后实验室提高基因的转染效率、表达水平,以及研究基因的表达调控,都提供了重要的技术方案.     

慢病毒载体pITA-HBP1的制备及感染效率的测定

慢病毒载体是目前基因治疗中研究较多的载体,与通常使用的逆转录病毒载体和腺病毒载体比较,它有感染非分裂期细胞及容纳大片段外源性目的基因等优点.本文应用基因重组的方法,构建了1种新型的慢病毒载体,并将转录因子HBP1基因插入到这一载体上,成为pITA-HBP1.检测其在人的肿瘤细胞和正常细胞中的转染效率,发现转染效率明显增加,Western印迹证实外源基因得到高效表达.这一结果,对今后实验室提高基因的转染效率、表达水平,以及研究基因的表达调控,都提供了重要的技术方案.     

Pmscv-Ubc9逆转录病毒表达载体的构建及产毒细胞系的建立

目的：构建含Ubc9的逆转录病毒表达载体,筛选建立携带该基因的高滴度产毒细胞系,深入研究SUMO化修饰的作用。方法：聚合酶链反应（PCR）扩增获取目的基因Ubc9,定向插入逆转录病毒表达载体pMSCVneo,形成重组质粒pMSCV-Ubc9;脂质体法将pMSCV-Ubc9转染逆转录病毒包装细胞PT67;G418筛选产毒细胞克隆,扩大培养产毒细胞克隆,收获病毒感染NIH3T3细胞。结果：限制性酶切和测序鉴定证实Ubc9正确插入逆转录病毒表达载体。G418筛选获得稳定产毒的抗性细胞克隆,收获病毒能有效感染NIH3T3细胞。结论：携带Ubc9基因的重组逆转录病毒表达载体pMSCV-Ubc9构建成功,转染PT67细胞后包装出重组逆转录病毒,进而筛选获得了能转录表达Ubc9的产毒细胞系PT67-Ubc9。     

Pmscv-Ubc9 逆转录病毒表达载体的构建及产毒细胞系的建立

目的:构建含Ubc9的逆转录病毒表达载体,筛选建立携带该基因的高滴度产毒细胞系,深入研究SUMO化修饰的作用。方法:聚合酶链反应(PCR)扩增获取目的基因Ubc9,定向插入逆转录病毒表达载体pMSCVneo,形成重组质粒pMSCV-Ubc9;脂质体法将pMSCV-Ubc9转染逆转录病毒包装细胞PT67;G418筛选产毒细胞克隆,扩大培养产毒细胞克隆,收获病毒感染NIH3T3细胞。结果:限制性酶切和测序鉴定证实Ubc9正确插入逆转录病毒表达载体。G418筛选获得稳定产毒的抗性细胞克隆,收获病毒能有效感染NIH3T3细胞。结论:携带Ubc9基因的重组逆转录病毒表达载体pMSCV-Ubc9构建成功,转染PT67细胞后包装出重组逆转录病毒,进而筛选获得了能转录表达Ubc9的产毒细胞系PT67-Ubc9。     

骨形成蛋白7基因诱导人肝癌细胞的凋亡

目的 构建表达重组人骨形成蛋白7 （bone morphogenic protein 7, BMP7）基因的重组逆转录病毒,观察其对人肝癌细胞HepG2的凋亡诱导活性,并探讨其作用机制。方法 克隆BMP7基因,以loxP同源重组法构成逆转录病毒载体pLP-LNCX-BMP7（pLLBMP7）,转染包装细胞PT67进行病毒包装并测定病毒滴度;将逆转录病毒感染人成骨细胞,MTT法检测细胞生长变化,琼脂糖凝胶电泳和流式细胞仪检测肿瘤细胞的凋亡;Western blotting检测BMP7,caspase-3和bcl-2蛋白表达。结果 重组逆转录病毒载体pLLBMP7经鉴定连接正确,转染PT67细胞后上清液中可得到病毒,滴度达1×109pfu;MTT检测见pLLBMP7病毒组48和72h细胞抑制率高于对照组（35.1% vs. 5.3%,68.5% vs.18.3%,均p<0.05）,48h可见BMP7蛋白高表达。琼脂糖凝胶电泳出现典型梯形条带;流式细胞仪检测出现凋亡峰,于转染48h后达最高峰,其凋亡百分率高达14.42%;BMP7蛋白高表达时caspase-3蛋白的表达亦有显著升高,但bcl-2蛋白未见表达差异。结论 构建了BMP7逆转录病毒,在体外能够有效地诱导人肝癌细胞HepG2的凋亡,其可能是通过激活caspase-3而发生作用。     

重组逆转录病毒载体GTK的构建及HyTK基因转移的研究

用逆转录病毒载体将单纯疱疹病毒胸苷激酶基因（ＨＳＶｔｋ）导入恶性肿瘤细胞,随后可应用药物９－（１,３－二羟基－丙氧基－甲基）鸟嘌呤（ｇａｎｃｉｃｌｏｖｉｒ,ＧＣＶ）选择性地杀死肿瘤细胞．将ＨｙＴＫ基因替换逆转录病毒载体ＧｌＮａ中的ｎｅｏ基因,构建成重组逆转录病毒载体ＧＴＫ,转染混合包装细胞（双噬性ＰＡ３１７细胞和单噬性ＧＰ＋Ｅ－８６细胞）,通过“乒乓效应”获得高滴度重组病毒．用该重组病毒转染小鼠恶性黑色素瘤细胞系Ｂ１６细胞,用ｈｙｇｒｏｍｙｃｉｎＢ筛选出阳性细胞克隆（ＨｙＴＫ＋）,经ＰＣＲ方法检测证明ＨｙＴＫ基因已成功地导入肿瘤细胞中,且不含可复制的辅助病毒．分别用不同浓度的ＧＣＶ作用于ＨｙＴＫ－及ＨｙＴＫ＋的Ｂ１６细胞,光镜下观察２４ｈ和４８ｈ后细胞形态及进行活细胞计数．结果表明,ＧＣＶ浓度大于０．１μｍｏｌ／Ｌ时即对Ｂ１６／ＨｙＴＫ＋细胞有显著的杀伤作用     

白细胞介素6重组逆转录病毒载体的构建及鉴定

目的 构建特异性过表达大鼠IL-6基因的重组逆转录病毒载体,并在大鼠嗜铬细胞瘤PC12细胞和人胚肾HEK293细胞中检测IL-6的表达。方法以大鼠骨髓间充质干细胞mRNA为模板,经PCR获得目的基因IL-6,将其定向克隆到逆转录病毒载体pSEB-3H中,构建重组逆转录病毒质粒pSEB—IL-6,经脂质体分别转染到PC12细胞和HEK293细胞中,应用Real—timePCR和ELISA的方法在mRNA和蛋白质水平检测IL-6的表达变化。继而用HEK293细胞中包装获得的含有pSEB—IL-6的病毒颗粒进一步感染PC12细胞,Real—timePCR检测,IL-6mRNA的表达水平变化。结果PCR电泳及酶切鉴定证实目的基因正确克隆至逆转录病毒载体中,其基因序列与Genbank报道一致;Real—timePCR和ELISA结果均显示,逆转录病毒质粒pSEB—IL-6转染PC12细胞和HEK293细胞后,IL-6的表达水平较对照组显著上调;经pSEB—IL-6逆转录病毒颗粒感染的PC12细胞中,IL-6mRNA表达水平较对照组提高4倍。结论成功构建了特异性表达大鼠儿-6基因的重组逆转录病毒载体pSEB—IL-6,并获得了具有感染能力的逆转录病毒颗粒,感染真核细胞后可高表达IL-6,为进一步研究IL-6的功能及其在多种疾病中的免疫调节机制提供重要的分子手段。     

人c-myc转基因细胞的建立

目的:建立人c-myc转基因细胞。方法:通过成功构建c-myc逆转录病毒表达载体,并经脂质体介导转染包装细胞293T,收集产重组病毒的293T培养上清,运用NIH3T3细胞测定了病毒滴度,用适当浓度的病毒感染L929细胞,经用Zeocin选择性培养基筛选细胞。结果:得到稳定高表达c-myc基因的L929转基因细胞。结论:运用逆转录病毒转染法可得到高表达的转基因细胞。     

Retroviral producer cells cause sarcoma in severe combined immunodeficiency mice

Direct in situ introduction of retroviral producer cells might provide a form of treatment for localized tumors. A possible undesirable consequence of this treatment could be uncontrolled proliferation of the injected producer cells. To test this possibility, severe combined immunodeficiency (SCID) mice were reconstituted with human peripheral blood lymphocytes which were marked with a retroviral vector using a coculture method. Although specific measures were taken to remove the possible contaminating producer cells, a high percentage of mice developed fibrosarcoma 2–6 weeks after reconstitution. We hypothesized that tumors arose from a small number of contaminating producer cells in the inoculum. Tumor cells were consistently DNA tetraploid, a characteristic of the producer cell line. DNA extracted from tumor tissue was found to contain the gene (neomycin phosphotransferase) used to mark the producer cell line. Furthermore, SCID mice injected with 1 × 10⁴ producer cells developed tumors with analogous characteristics. This report indicates that the retroviral producer cell line is tumorigenic in immune-deficient animals.     

Targeted cytokine delivery to neuroblastoma

The aim of this study was to construct a fusion protein from the cytokine granulocyte/macrophage colony-stimulating factor (GM-CSF) and a single-chain Fv fragment (scFv D29) and to investigate its potential to activate cells of the immune system against neuroblastoma cells expressing neural cell adhesion molecule (NCAM). Mammalian cell expression of the scFv D29-GM-CSF fusion protein was compared using a number of vectors, including retroviral and adenoviral vectors. The resultant fusion protein, expressed by HeLa cells, was found by ELISA to bind immobilized recombinant NCAM. Moreover, FACS analysis confirmed binding to the human neuroblastoma cell line SKNBE and a murine neuroblastoma cell line engineered to express the glycosylphosphatidylinositol form of human NCAM (N2A-rKNIE). The fusion protein was also found to stimulate the proliferation of the FDC-P1 haemopoietic cell line, which is dependent on GM-CSF (or interleukin 3) for continued growth. In vitro clonogenic assays indicated that scFv-GM-CSF could selectively induce growth inhibition of SKNBE cells by murine lymphoid cells.     

转TK基因的人结肠癌细胞对多种原药敏感性的研究

构建了含有单纯疱疹病毒胸苷激酶基因（HSV-TK）的重组逆转录病毒载体LTKSN．经PA317细胞包装后,感染人结肠癌细胞株LoVo．用G418筛选到稳定表达HSV-TK基因的细胞克隆LoVo／LTKSN．LoVo／LTKSN与野生型LoVo细胞相比,生长曲线无明显差异,细胞形态亦无改变．细胞毒试验证明LoVo／LTKSN对GCV的敏感性很高,半杀伤浓度IC50为0.5μmol/L,比野生型细胞提高了4000倍以上．三种不同的原药GCV,ACV和BVDU对LoLo／LTKSN具有效果不等的杀伤作用．BVDU和GCV联合作用效果更好．旁杀伤效果十分明显,低浓度GCV就可以将合10%LoVo／LTKSN的混合细胞中的大部分肿瘤细胞杀死．     

稳定表达外源性p16基因肺癌A549细胞株的建立及鉴定

为构建稳定表达外源性抑癌基因p16的肺癌A549细胞株,用脂质体介导的基因转染方法,借助真核质粒表达载体（pcDNA3)。将抑癌基因p16转移入此基因缺失的人肺癌细胞株A549细胞中,经G418筛选,获得稳定表达的细胞克隆,用逆转录聚合酶链反应（RT-PCR）及免疫组织化学鉴定p16基因的表达,同时对克隆细胞分泌蛋白进行活性检测。结果显示转染p16基因的A549细胞中可以检测到p16mRNA及蛋白的表达,说明建立的p16真核表达载体能在肺肿瘤细胞中分泌表达蛋白,表达P16抑癌蛋白的A549细胞株的建立有助于研究抑癌基因p16在肺癌发生中的作用。     

A retroviral packaging cell line for pseudotype vectors based on glioma-infiltrating progenitor cells

BACKGROUND: Early clinical trials for gene therapy of human gliomas with retroviral packaging cells (PC) have been hampered by low transduction efficacy and lack of dissemination of PC within the tumor. In the current approach, these issues have been addressed by creating a stable packaging cell line for retroviral vectors pseudotyped with glycoproteins of lymphocytic choriomeningitis virus (LCMV) based on tumor-infiltrating progenitor cells. METHODS: Tumor-infiltrating progenitor cells, which had been isolated from adult rat bone marrow (BM-TIC), were modified to stably express Gag-Pol proteins of moloney murine leukemia virus (Mo-MLV) and glycoproteins of LCMV. Packaging of a retroviral vector was measured by titration experiments on human fibroblast cells as well as on mouse and human glioma cell lines. Additionally, gene transfer was tested in a rat glioma model in vivo. RESULTS: The BM-TIC-derived packaging cell line (BM-TIPC) produced retroviral vectors with titers between 2-8 x 10(3) transducing units (TU)/ml. Extended culturing of BM-TIPC over several weeks and freezing/thawing of cells did not affect vector titers. No replication-competent retrovirus was released from BM-TIPC. In a rat glioma model, BM-TIPC infiltrated the tumors extensively and with high specificity. Moreover, BM-TIPC mediated transduction of glioma cells in vivo. CONCLUSION: This proof-of-principle study shows that primary adult progenitor cells with tumor-infiltrating capacity can be genetically modified to stably produce retroviral LCMV pseudotype vectors. These BM-TIPC may be a useful tool to enhance specificity and efficacy of gene transfer to gliomas in patients.     

Gene gun application in the generation of effector T cells for adoptive immunotherapy

We utilized the gene gun to transfect subcutaneous D5 melanoma and MT-901 mammary carcinoma tumors in situ with a granulocyte/macrophage-colony-stimulating factor (GM-CSF) plasmid complexed to gold particles. There was diminished tumor growth following bombardment with GM-CSF plasmid, which was apparent only during the period of administration. Transgenic GM-CSF was produced by the skin overlying the tumors and not by the tumors themselves. GM-CSF plasmid bombardment resulted in increased cell yields within tumor-draining lymph nodes (TDLN) with at least a 12-fold increase in the percentage of dendritic cells (8.9%) compared to controls (0.7%). Secondarily activated TDLN cells from animals transfected with GM-CSF demonstrated enhanced cytokine release (interferon γ, GM-CSF and interleukin-10) in response to tumor stimulator cells compared to controls, and had an increased capacity to mediate tumor regression in adoptive immunotherapy. There was a small, but detectable, non-specific immune adjuvant effect observed with gold particle bombardment alone, which was less than with GM-CSF plasmid. The adjuvant effect of GM-CSF plasmid required peri-tumoral transgene expression since gene bombardment away from the tumor was ineffective. Received: 27 April 1999 / Accepted: 27 August 1999     

逆转录病毒介导的人血小板生成素(TPO)在骨髓基质细胞中的表达

为探讨逆转录病毒介导的TPO基因在人骨髓基质细胞系HFCL中的表达,利用脂质体法将含TPO基因的逆转录病毒载体导入HF-CL细胞中,RT-PCR和基因组DNAPCR分析证实mRNA水平有表达,基因组中整合有Neo基因和TPO基因。TPO依赖细胞株TD-3检测生物学活性表明转染的骨髓基质细胞分泌TPO。上述结果为进一步研究转基因骨髓基质细胞对造血细胞的调控作用提供了必要的基础资料。     

Establishment of a novel factor-dependent myeloid cell line from primary cultures of mouse bone marrow

We describe here a novel myelomonocytic cell line (OTT1) obtained from primary cultures of mouse bone marrow cells infected with a retroviral vector carrying the mouse interleukin (IL)-1 alpha gene. OTT1 cells are dependent for their survival and proliferation on IL-3, granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor (GM-CSF) or, unexpectedly, IL-5. Despite their IL-5 dependency, OTT1 cells form colonies showing predominantly monocyte maturation when plated in methylcellulose. It is suggested that constitutive expression of the exogenous IL-1 alpha gene may predispose to a monocytic phenotype. OTT1 cells should be a useful experimental model to investigate the molecular mechanisms of IL-5 signal transduction and the possible interrelationships between this signal pathway and those utilized by IL-3 and GM-CSF.     

RD114-pseudotyped retroviral vectors kill cancer cells by syncytium formation and enhance the cytotoxic effect of the TK/GCV gene therapy strategy

BACKGROUND: Wild-type RD114 virus is capable of generating syncytia during its replication, and it is believed that cell-free viruses direct the fusion of neighboring cells. The RD114 envelope (Env) that mediates this fusion event is now widely used to pseudotype retroviral and lentiviral vectors in gene therapy. Indeed, vectors pseudotyped with RD114 Env are very efficient to transfer genes into human hematopoietic cells, and they are resistant to human complement inactivation. In this study, we have tested the potential of RD114-pseudotyped vectors produced from the FLYRD18 packaging cell line to induce syncytia. METHODS: RD114-pseudotyped vectors produced from the FLYRD18 packaging cells were added on tumor cell lines, and the formation of syncytia was assessed by microscopy after cell fixation and methylene blue staining. The kinetics of syncytium formation was analyzed by time-lapse microscopy. Finally, the cytotoxic effect of RD114-pseudotyped vectors was measured by the MTT assay on tumor cells, and in combination with the TK/GCV strategy. RESULTS: We have found that these vectors were able to mediate cell-to-cell fusion of human tumor cell lines. A few hours after addition of the vector, cells started to aggregate to form syncytia that eventually evolved toward cell death 48 h postinfection. RD114-pseudotyped vectors were very efficient at killing human cancer cells, and they were also able to enhance dramatically the cytotoxic effect of the TK/GCV strategy. CONCLUSIONS: These findings indicate that RD114-pseudotyped vectors used alone, or in combination with a suicide gene therapy approach, have great potential for the treatment of cancer.