乳酸杆菌造成的微环境对阴道毛滴虫的影响

目的:研究乳酸杆菌产生的微环境对阴道毛滴虫的影响,为新型微生态制剂的开发提供可靠依据.方法:于滴虫生长高峰期分别将0.25 ml,0.5 ml,1.0 ml,2.5 ml已培养、鉴定好的浓度为3.0×108/ml乳酸杆菌加入到最适pH值肝浸汤培养基中,观察不同乳酸杆菌浓度的培养基中滴虫死亡情况.结果:乳酸杆菌浓度为0.5×108/ml与0.14×108/ml、0.27×108/ml、1.0×108/ml比较,在其浓度为0.5×108/ml时滴虫的死亡率明显要高.结论:体外试验中对阴道毛滴虫生长的抑制作用最强的乳酸杆菌浓度为0.5×108/ml.     

阴道毛滴虫染色体组型观察

采用火焰干燥法制备阴道毛滴虫染色体标本,按 Levan等方法,进行核型分析。阴道毛滴虫的染色体数目为n＝10,2n ＝20,染色体的组型为3m、3sm、1st和3T。Abstract：　The chromosomes ofTrichomonas vaginaliswere prepared by flame-drying method. Data of chromosome were measured and calculated. According to Levan's method, analysis of karyotype was described. The results showed that the chromosome number ofT. vaginalisconsisted of twenty pairs(2n=20) and chromosome type was 3m, 3sm, 1st and 3T.     

甘油冷冻保存阴道毛滴虫

本文采用１０％甘油液氮保存阴道毛滴虫,连续分别观察１年、２年,３７℃解冻后,阴道毛滴虫培养４天后均已生长繁殖。用瑞氏姬氏混合染色,形态特征明显,标本结构清晰,甘油具有价廉、无毒、无味的优点,可替代二甲基亚砜作为常用保护剂。     

阴道毛滴虫病及其与生殖器恶性肿瘤相关性的研究进展

阴道毛滴虫病是呈全球性分布的一种最常见的非病毒性STD。目前认为,毛滴虫病除了疾病本身对泌尿生殖道的损伤之外,还与不良妊娠结局、不孕症、盆腔炎等疾病有关,并且能增加HIV、HPV等多种病毒传播的风险,甚至参与宫颈癌和前列腺癌等生殖器肿瘤的发生发展过程。因此,阴道毛滴虫及其危害的相关研究已经成为当前备受关注的热点。本文综述了阴道毛滴虫病及其与生殖器恶性肿瘤相关性的研究进展。     

Trichomonas vaginalis: observation of coexistence of multiple viruses in the same isolate

Trichomonas vaginalis is a flagellated, parasitic protozoan that inhabits the urogenital tract of humans. Some isolates of T. vaginalis are infected with a double-stranded RNA (dsRNA) virus, which was described in the literature as homogeneous icosahedral viral particles with an isometric symmetry and 33 nm in diameter. This study examined in detail the viral particles in T. vaginalis isolate 347 and describes a heterogeneous population of viral particles. The different dsRNA viruses were only observed after a change in the technique. The sample was prepared by the negative staining carbon-film method directly onto freshly cleft mica. The detected viruses ranged in size from 33 to 200 nm. Among the shapes observed were filamentous, cylindrical, and spherical particles. These results show that T. vaginalis may be a reservoir for several different dsRNA viruses simultaneously.     

The effect of the growth medium composition on the fatty acids of Rhodothermus marinus and 'Thermus thermosphilus' HB-8

Abstract We have investigated the mechanisms used by Trichomonas vaginalis to damage cellular membranes, using human erythrocytes as target cells. Haemolysis is a contact- and temperature-dependent phenomenon, and is inhibited in 4 mM EGTA. Osmotic protection experiments using carbohydrates with different molecular diameters as protectants demonstrated that the cytolytic activity of T. vaginalis is inhibited in 75 mM stachyose. On the basis of our data, we hypothesize a cytopathic mechanism mediated by the formation of functional pores into the target membrane. Some of the Trichomonas protein involved in haemolysis have been immunologically characterized.     

阴道毛滴虫铁氧还蛋白基因的原核表达

目的在原核细胞中表达阴道毛滴虫铁氧还蛋白(ferredoxin,Fd)基因。方法构建阴道毛滴虫Fd基因的原核表达重组质粒pUC19-Fd,转化大肠埃希菌JM109感受态细胞中,异丙基-β-D-硫代半乳糖苷(IPTG)诱导蛋白质表达。结果经十二烷基磺酸钠-聚丙烯酰胺凝胶电泳(SDS-PAGE)和免疫印迹(Western blot)分析,重组质粒在大肠埃希菌中表达出Fd。结论在大肠埃希菌中表达出了Fd。     

Entamoeba histolytica Encodes a Highly Divergent β-Tubulin

ABSTRACT. The microtubules of the amitochondrial parasite Entamoeba histolytica are atypical in certain respects. Consistent with this, we report that E. histolytica encodes the most divergent β -tubulin identified to date, with only 54% to 58% identity to β -tubulins from various species. A similarly divergent β -tubulin is encoded by the related Entamoeba invadens ; single gene copies appear to be present in both organisms. The Entamoeba sequences were compared with a database of 101 β -tubulins, including the highly divergent sequence from another amitochondrial protozoan, Trichomonas vaginalis. A total of 81 residues were universally conserved, and 76 residues varied only once. Correlations with previous studies indicate that microtubule function is altered when most, but not all, conserved residues are mutated.     

乳杆菌对小鼠阴道滴虫感染影响的研究

本文对３２只Ｂａｌｂ／ｃ小鼠阴道定量接种乳杆菌,然后人工感染滴虫,观察不同量的乳杆菌接种后,小鼠阴道滴虫的感染率。结果表明：接种乳杆菌１０~７ＣＦＵ／ｍｌ组,滴虫的感染率在感染滴虫的前１０天与未接种乳杆菌组相似,但在感染滴虫后的第１０天开始高于未接种乳杆菌组．且感染持续时间久,接种乳杆菌１０~９ＣＦＵ／ｍｌ组,不感染滴虫。提示：小鼠阴道内小剂量的乳杆菌益于滴虫生长,而大剂量乳杆菌则阻碍滴虫生长。     

Chelex-100法及酚氯仿法提取阴道毛滴虫DNA的比较

目的-比较Chelex-100法和酚氯仿法提取阴道毛滴虫基因组DNA。方法-分别用Chelex-100法和酚氯仿法提取阴道毛滴虫基因组DNA,用PCR法检测DNA提取的有效性。结果两种方法提取的DNA经PCR扩增均有特定的条带。结论-两种方法均能提取阴道毛滴虫DNA。Chelex-100方法简便、省时,较适用于分子生物学研究及临床PCR扩增使用。     

乳酸杆菌的代谢产物对体外培养的阴道毛滴虫的影响

目的研究乳酸杆菌代谢产物对体外培养的阴道毛滴虫的杀伤作用。方法检测不同浓度的乳酸杆菌代谢产物对体外培养的阴道毛滴虫在不同作用时间下的杀伤率。结果乳酸杆菌代谢产物浓度10%,作用时间2 h、4 h和6 h体外培养毛滴虫的杀伤率分别为26.43%、37.47%和46.35%;浓度25%时杀伤率分别为43.56%、74.65%和90.15%;浓度50%杀伤率分别为92.36%、95.23%和99.01%。结论乳酸杆菌代谢产物的浓度越高,对体外培养的毛滴虫的杀伤力越大,作用时间越长,效果越好。     

A systematic identification of Kolobok superfamily transposons in Trichomonas vaginalis and sequence analysis on related transposases

Transposons are sequence elements widely distributed among genomes of all three kingdoms of life,providing genomic changes and playing significant roles in genome evolution.Trichomonas vaginalis is an excellent model system for transposon study since its genome(～160 Mb) has been sequenced and is composed of～65%transposons and other repetitive elements.In this study,we primarily report the identification of Kolobok-type transposons(termed tvBac) in T.vaginalis and the results of transposase sequence analy...     

荆芥体外抗阴道毛滴虫作用机制的实验研究

目的探讨荆芥体外杀灭阴道毛滴虫的作用机制。方法将浓度为1∶4的荆芥水提液作用于体外培养的阴道毛滴虫,并采用透射电镜观察经药物作用2 h和4 h后阴道毛滴虫的超微结构变化。结果荆芥作用后阴道毛滴虫多聚核糖体解聚,粗面内质网脱颗粒,胞质内可见大量空泡;随药物作用时间延长,核膜不完整,核质变疏松;最终,胞膜破损,内容物外溢,虫体死亡。结论荆芥可破坏阴道毛滴虫的内膜系统,具有较强的抗滴虫作用。     

A potentially functional mariner transposable element in the protist Trichomonas vaginalis

Mariner transposable elements encoding a D,D34D motif-bearing transposase are characterized by their pervasiveness among, and exclusivity to, animal phyla. To date, several hundred sequences have been obtained from taxa ranging from cnidarians to humans, only two of which are known to be functional. Related transposons have been identified in plants and fungi, but their absence among protists is noticeable. Here, we identify and characterize Tvmar1, the first representative of the mariner family to be found in a species of protist, the human parasite Trichomonas vaginalis. This is the first D,D34D element to be found outside the animal kingdom, and its inclusion in the mariner family is supported by both structural and phylogenetic analyses. Remarkably, Tvmar1 has all the hallmarks of a functional element and has recently expanded to several hundred copies in the genome of T. vaginalis. Our results show that a new potentially active mariner has been found that belongs to a distinct mariner lineage and has successfully invaded a nonanimal, single-celled organism. The considerable genetic distance between Tvmar1 and other mariners may have valuable implications for the design of new, high-efficiency vectors to be used in transfection studies in protists.     

女性需氧菌阴道炎临床及实验室诊断方法研究进展

需氧菌阴道炎(AV)是近几年才被发现的一种下生殖道感染,AV患者多主诉阴道瘙痒、灼热、性交痛,阴道分泌物稀薄脓性、黄色或黄绿色,氢氧化钾试验阴性,阴道黏膜充血,严重者有散在出血点或溃疡.其临床症状体征和滴虫性阴道炎(TV)患者极为相似,仅通过临床症状体征诊断易造成误诊.由于AV和TV致病菌的抗生素敏感性不同,只有通过明确诊断才能指导临床合理用药.现将国内外用于AV诊断的一些临床及实验室诊断方法做一概述,供临床医生参考.