Ri质粒在植物科学中应用的新进展

本文综述了发根农杆菌Ｒｉ质粒在植物学理论研究、有用植物次生代谢物生产、植物品种改良及植物栽培四个方面应用的最新进展。     

植物基因工程中Ri质粒的研究与应用

近几年来,植物基因工程取得了很大进展,基主要原因是人们采取了有效的基因转移方法。例如截体法;以Ｔｉ质粒,Ｒｉ质料 些病毒,脂质体等做为载体;非载体法有显微注射法,电击法,粒子枪法,花粉管通道法等,在以上诸多方法中,以载体Ｔｉ质粒的研究最为广泛,目前国内外对根癌农杆菌Ｔｉ 粒的研究与应用已目趋成熟,而发根农杆菌Ｒｉ质粒是植物基因工程中的一种新的载体,近几年来的研究表明,Ｒｉ质粒与Ｔｉ质粒是植物基因工     

Ri质粒与植物基因工程

Ｒｉ质粒是发根农杆菌中的巨大质粒,经其感染的双子叶植物可诱发产生毛状根。Ｒｉ质粒上的Ｔ－ＤＮＡ具有转移功能。介绍了Ｒｉ质粒的结构、Ｔ－ＤＮＡ转移机制及其在植物基因工程中的应用。     

发根农杆菌Ri质粒及其在植物科学中的应用

阐述了发根农杆菌的性质及Ri质粒的结构和功能,介绍了毛状根的诱导及其鉴定方法,并对Ri质粒在植物基因工程、植物次生代谢产物生产、植物品种改良和植物栽培等方面的应用进行了综述。     

Ri质粒诱导的植物发根培养系及其应用

本文阐述了具Ri质粒的发根在杆菌的生物学特性,介绍了毛状根的诱导、筛选及增殖培养的具体方法,提出了农杆菌转化植物细胞的影响因素,对国内外利用植物发根培养系进行次生代谢物质生产方面的研究进行了综述,并对Ri质粒诱导的发根培养系的应用做了展望。     

发根农杆菌Ri质粒的分子生物学及其应用前景

发根农杆菌(Agrobacterium rhizogenes)与根癌农杆菌(Agrobacterium tumefaci-end)均是革兰氏阴性菌,同属根瘤菌科(Rhizobaceae)。根癌农杆菌侵染可以诱使大多数双子叶植物产生冠癌瘤(crown gall),发根农杆菌则可以使植物宿主细胞组织产生毛状根瘤(hairy roots tumors)。土壤杆菌的这一类致病特性早在本世纪初就已被观察     

Ri质粒诱导的植物发根培养系及其应用

阐述了具Ri质粒的发根农杆菌的生物学特性,介绍了毛状根的诱导、筛选及增殖培养的具体方法,提出了农杆菌转化植物细胞的影响因素,对国内外利用植物发根培养系进行次生代谢物质生产方面的研究进行了综述,并对Ri质粒诱导的发根培养系的应用作了展望。     

Ri质粒转化番茄的初步研究

作者利用具Ri质粒的发根农杆菌(Agrobacterium rhizogenes)PRi 15834,PRiA4和PRi2659,对番茄不同品种的不同外植体进行转化试验。在感染部位诱导出毛状根和再生植株,经检测毛状根及再生植株均含有农杆碱和甘露碱。比较不同菌种诱导毛状根的频率和在不同番茄品种间差异。结果表明:发根农杆菌PRi15834和PRiA4感染番茄诱导毛状根的频率比PRi2569诱导频率高。供试番茄品种中强力米寿和粉白砂,感染效果最好。感染方式以叶盘法和胚轴的直接注射法比较适宜。     

Ri质粒介导的毛状根体系建立及其在植物次生代谢产物合成中的研究进展

发根农杆菌Ri质粒可诱导植物产生毛状根体系,该体系具有遗传性状稳定且增殖速度快的特点,可用于药用植物次生代谢产物的生产研究,为利用生物反应器技术进行药用植物有效成分工业化水平的发酵培养开辟了新途径。本文主要综述了发根农杆菌Ri质粒介导的植物毛状根体系遗传转化机理,并对毛状根体系在药用植物次生代谢产物生产中的研究现状进行了深入分析,为从基因水平上调控植物次生代谢产物的合成提供新思路。     

Use of a Disarmed Ri Plasmid Vector in Analysis of Transformed Root Induction

Nicotiana glauca, N. tabacum, Solanian dulcamara and S. nigrumwere transformed by Agrobacteriun rhizogenes strain BN1010 (TL^–TR⁺).The TR-DNA stimulated agropine-positive root induction and wastransformation competent in the absence of the TL-DNA. An unusualpattern of root induction was seen when stem explants were inoculatedwith this strain; occasionally, agropine-positive roots wereinduced at the inoculation sites, but prolific agropine-negativeroots were formed in profusion down the stems. The utility ofBN1010 as an efficient co-integrating vector was demonstratedby the separate transfer of a fragment containing rol ABC (BN1010::pEM15) and of a chimeric nopaline synthase-kanamycin resistancegene (BN1010:: Neo) into plants. Root cultures of S. dulcamaratransformed with BN1010:: Neo had an unusual, positively geotropicphenotype. Strain BN1010:: pEM15 (rol ABC⁺D^–TR⁺) incitedmore roots down stem explants than strain A4T. This indicatesthat rol D may act to suppress agropine-negative root productionin N. glauca and N. tabacum. Key words: Agrobacterium rhizogenes, TL-DNA, TR-DNA, disarmed Ri vector, transformed roots, Nicotiana glauca, N. tabacun, Solatium dulcamara, S. nigrum     

Transformation of Solarium and Nicotiana Species using an Ri Plasmid Vector

Davey, M. R., Mulligan, B. J., Gartland, K. M. A., Peel, E.,Sargent, A. W. and Morgan, A. J. 1987. Transformation of Solanumand Nicotiana species using an Ri plasmid vector.—J. exp.Bot. 38: 1507–1516. Five Nicotiana species (N. benthemiana, N. debneyi, N. occidentals,N. plumbaginifolia, N. tabacum) and three Solanum species (S.dulcamara, S. nigrum, S. tuberosum) were transformed by wild-typeand engineered Ri plasmids. Depending on the host plant, rootstransformed by Agrobacterium strain A4TIII with an Ri plasmidcarrying a chimaeric nopaline synthase-kanamycin resistancegene, were 3 to 40 times more resistant to kanamycin than rootstransformed by the wild-type plasmid of strain A4T. Similarly,plants regenerated from A4TIII-derived roots of N. debneyi,N. plumbaginifolia and N. tabacum were 8 to 16 times more resistantthan A4T plants, and survived at 400 µg cm³ of kanamycin.A4TIII plants of S. nigrum flowered in vitro at 600–1000µg cm³ of kanamycin. Transformed roots and most regeneratedplants synthesized Ri-speciflc opines, while DNA hybridizationconfirmed the presence of DNA homologous to that from wild-typeand engineered Ri plasmids in transformed plants of S. nigrum. Key words: Agrobacterium, Ri plasmid, transformed roots, plant regeneration, kanamycin resistance.     

Cell-Specific Expression of the rolC Gene of the TL-DNA of Ri Plasmid in Transgenic Tobacco Plants

Transgenic tobacco plants possessing a chimeric gene of thepromoter region of the Ri plasmid ORF12 gene (rolC) and a structuralgene of bacterial ß-glucuronidase were obtained. Histochemicalanalysis showed that the chimeric gene is expressed in phloemcells throughout whole plants. Stable inheritance of such cellspecific expression of ORF12 promoter was also confirmed. ²Present address: Research Institute of Agricultural Resources,Ishikawa Agricultural College, Nonoichi-machi, Ishikawa, 921Japan. (Received September 30, 1988; Accepted March 30, 1989)     

植物Rubisco活化酶的研究进展

植物Rubisco活化酶广泛存在于光合生物中,是AAA＋家族成员,具有ATP酶活性,并具有对温度反应的活化Rubisco和分子伴侣的双重功能。该文重点介绍了近年来对Rubisco活化酶的分子特性、作用机制、温度等因子的影响及基因工程研究的最新进展。     

植物过敏蛋白研究进展

过敏反应是人类常见的一类自身免疫疾病 ,由于症状复杂 ,种类繁多 ,危害广泛且很难根治 ,所以长期以来一直是医学界的一大难题。自然界的过敏原种类很多 ,花粉蛋白质和食物蛋白质是植物过敏原中最为常见的两种过敏原。许多人在直接或间接接触这些过敏蛋白质之后会因过敏而患上支气管哮喘、上呼吸道结膜炎、湿疹、皮炎等症。特别是一些谷类食品加工业的工人 ,由于经常呼吸带食物蛋白质的粉末而极易患过敏性疾病。1 .过敏原引起过敏反应的过敏原大都是外源分子 ,并且能刺激产生显著的免疫反应。许多已知的植物过敏原与病理发生相关蛋白质(ｐａ…     

发根土壤杆菌在植物次生代谢物生产中的应用与进展

发根土壤杆菌 (Agrobacteriumrhizogenes)是一类极具应用前景的微生物资源 ,就发根土壤杆菌Ri质粒结构、功能、侵染和致病过程及其宿主、转化体特性进行了概述 ,并详细讨论了发根土壤杆菌在生产植物次级代谢产物方面的应用与进展及相关影响因素 ,同时还简单介绍了工业化生产的培养方法、生物反应器种类及存在的问题与困难。     

Application of Photoautotrophic Suspension Cultures in Plant Science

Whereas most plant suspension cultures are grown heterotrophically in the presence of sugars, a limited number of photoautotrophic cultures have been established which are able to grow with CO₂ as the sole carbon source. Photoautotrophic cultures are useful to address various aspects of photosynthesis, source-sink regulation, nitrogen metabolism, production of secondary metabolites, and defence responses. The homogenous populations of these cultures provide an ideal and sensitive system to obtain reproducible results. The availability of an increasing number of photoautotrophic cultures from different economically important species provides the basis also for practical applications.