九个春化作用特性不同的小麦品种中VRN1基因的组成和特性分析

采用序列特异性PCR扩增技术,分析9个春化特性不同品种小麦春化基因VRN1在A、B和D基因组中等位基因的显隐性组成特性的结果表明:小麦品种'辽春15'中春化基因VRN1的A、B和D等位基因均为显性;小麦品种'新春2号'只在A基因组中为显性;小麦品种'豫麦18'的D基因组中为显性;'郑麦9023'和'新冬18'两个品种的B基因组中为显性;'周麦18'、'豫麦49-198'、'京841'和'肥麦'4个品种的A、B和D等位基因均为隐性.     

小麦A，B和D基因组同源DNA序列在进化过程中的演变研究

选取已定位的大麦1H染色体的STS标记NWG913为引物,在普通小麦（Tritium aestivum L.）及其4个可能的起源种乌拉尔图小麦（T.urartu T.)、栽培一粒小麦（T.monococcum.L)栽培二粒小麦（T.dicoccum S.）、方穗山羊草（Ae.squarrosa L.)上特异性扩增。扩增产物克隆测序后对其进行序列分析,由序列差异的程度来确定这几个物种之间的亲缘关系。实验结果表明,普通小麦（Tritium aestivum L.)的A基因组此段序列与乌拉尔图小麦（T.urartu T.)、栽培一粒小麦（T.monococcum L.)、栽培二粒小麦（T.dicoccum S.)A基因组此段序列完全相同;普通小麦的D基因组此段序列与方穗山羊草（Ae.squarrosa L.)也完全相同;普通小麦的B基因组此段序列和栽培二粒小麦B基因组此段序列有0．61％的差异。研究结果一方面对现有的普通小麦A、B、D基因组起源和进化理论给予了分子水平上的证明,同时也揭示了同一物种不同的基因组化进化速度存在差异。     

小麦Glu-B3位点LMW-GS基因的克隆及序列分析

以小麦特殊遗传材料———六倍体普通小麦阿勃二体、1A缺体、1B缺体和1D缺体,四倍体硬粒小麦墨西粒卡以及二倍体节节麦的总基因组DNA为模板,对D Ovidio等曾报道的硬粒小麦Glu-B3位点LMW-GS基因特异引物对P1(5-′tcctgagaagtgcatgacatg-3′)和P2(5-′gtaggcaccaactccggtgc-3′)进行了PCR扩增验证.结果表明,该引物对同样能特异扩增普通小麦Glu-B3位点LMW-GS基因.利用这对引物通过AS-PCR方法克隆得到优良小麦品种小偃6号1B染色体1个LMW-GS基因片段.该基因全长为1 089 bp,包含了完整的编码区和其上游318 bp的胚乳特异表达启动子区.该基因被命名为XY-Glu-B3-LMW2(GenBank登录号为DQ630442).XY-Glu-B3-LMW2的推测蛋白含256个氨基酸(包括N-端20个氨基酸的信号肽),其成熟蛋白有8个保守的Cys残基,均分布在C-末端区.XY-Glu-B3-LMW2是从小偃6号克隆到的第2个LMW-GS基因.     

长穗偃麦草中E和E1基因组高分子量麦谷蛋白基因启动子部分序列的进化分析

通过PCR克隆的方法,获得了分别来自二倍体长穗偃麦草的E基因组和四倍体长穗偃麦草的E_1基因组的4个高分子量麦谷蛋白亚基(HMW-GS)基因启动子的部分序列。序列分析表明,它们之间的同源性较高,两个x型亚基启动子序列之间只有1个碱基的差异,而两个y型亚基启动子序列完全相同,x和y型亚基启动子序列之间的长度和部分碱基位点都有差异。推测四倍体长穗偃麦草中的E_1基因组可能起源于二倍体的E基因组。与来自小麦族的A、B、D和G基因组部分亚基基因的启动子序列比较表明,小麦族的这一区域在进化上是相当保守的,不同基因组来源的序列同源性都在90％以上。经过对这些序列的聚类分析,表明长穗偃麦草的y型HMW-GS基因与其他亚基基因的进化关系较远,而x型亚基基因与一个来自小麦1B染色体的亚基基因关系最近。     

普通小麦中一氧化氮相关因子(TaNOA)编码基因的克隆和分子生物学分析

一氧化氮是动植物体内重要的信号分子。本研究利用同源克隆技术从六倍体普通小麦中获得一个一氧化氮相关因子(TaNOA)编码基因的全长基因组和cDNA克隆。该基因具有13个外显子和12个内含子,与拟南芥以及水稻中同源基因结构相似。根据cDNA推导的氨基酸序列与拟南芥AtNOA1的序列一致性达60%以上,具备P-环GTPaseG4-G5-G1-G2-G3的排列特征和保守的序列。对其中2个内含子的测序分析表明在六倍体小麦中TaNOA至少有3个成员。进一步用中国春小麦缺体-四体材料将这3个TaNOA基因成员分别定位在第六同源群的6A、6B和6D染色体上,本研究中获得的成员定位于6B染色体上,因此将其命名为TaNOA-B1。原生质体表达实验表明,TaNOA-B1可能定位在线粒体中。TaNOA基因在小麦根、叶片中表达较高,在幼穗和小花中有少量表达,茎中几乎检测不到表达。TaNOA的转录本水平还因脱落酸或盐处理而上升,表明它可能参与小麦对非生物胁迫的反应。本研究为进一步克隆六倍体小麦中TaNOA的其他成员及研究该基因在小麦中的功能奠定了基础。     

野生一粒小麦BAC文库的构建和鉴定

以细菌人工染色体pECBAC1为载体,构建了野生一粒小麦(Triticum boeoticum B oiss)的基因组BAC文库.该文库共包含约17万个克隆,平均插入片段长度为104 kb,按野生一粒小麦基因组为5 600 Mb计算,文库覆盖了约3倍的该物种基因组.用大麦叶绿体psb A基因和玉米线粒体atp6基因作混合探针,检测发现该文库中含细胞器基因组同源序列的克隆数小于1% .该文库的建成,为小麦基因的克隆及基因组学研究提供了技术平台.     

高冰草中高分子量麦谷蛋白亚基的编码基因

通过SDS-PAGE法分析了高冰草(Agropyron elongatum(Host)Nevski)种子麦谷蛋白亚基,发现高冰草的麦谷蛋白亚基种类比普通小麦更加丰富.通过基因组PCR法用高分子量麦谷蛋白亚基基因的特异引物从高冰草核基因组中分离出了7条麦谷蛋白亚基的全编码序列,分别命名为AgeloGl～AgeloG7.其中的5条已进行全序列测定,对AgeloGl和AgeloG4进行了末端测序.尽管其中的4条基因的编码序列(AgeloG4,AgeloG5,AgeloG6和AgeloG7)小于1.8kb,但是对从克隆到的序列推导出的氨基酸序列与已经发表的小麦高分子量麦谷蛋白亚基序列进行对比分析发现,这些亚基与来自小麦的高分子量麦谷蛋白亚基具有很高的同源性.并且对信号肽、N-、C-末端的氨基酸序列分析显示,这7条序列编码的亚基皆为y-型亚基.用5条全部测序的编码序列与普通小麦的A、B、D、粗山羊草的D、圆柱山羊草的C、伞穗山羊草的U、黑麦的R染色体的编码高分子量麦谷蛋白的序列进行了聚类分析.表明,AgeloG2与小麦lDy,AgeloG3与小麦1By,AgeloG5、AgeloG6和AgeloG7与小麦1Ay在起源和进化上有较高的相似性.     

中国春Ph1基因的分子标记及冬小麦ph1b代换系的获得

利用大麦 (HordeumvulgareL .)第 5染色体上RFLP探针衍生的 19个序列标志位点PCR(STS_PCR)引物对“中国春”小麦 (TriticumaestivumL .) (CS)及其ph1b突变体基因组总DNA进行PCR扩增 ,筛选出Ph1基因的一个连锁标记 ,再用“中国春”第 5部分同源群缺体_四体系和CS×ph1b突变体F2 群体证明并定位于离Ph1基因近着丝点端 5 .7cM (centiMorgan)处。然后将该标记转换成特异的序列特征扩增区 (SCAR)标记。以“阿勃”5B缺体为桥梁亲本 ,冬小麦“京 411”为受体亲本 ,“中国春”ph1b突变体为供体亲本 ,进行三轮杂交和一轮自交 ,每一轮经减数分裂分析和SCAR标记的辅助选择 ,快速地筛选出了ph1b基因型 ,并选得一个冬小麦“京 411”的ph1b中间代换系。     

长穗偃麦草中E和E1基因组高分子量麦谷蛋白 基因启动子部分序列的进化分析

通过PCR克隆的方法,获得了分别来自二倍体长穗偃麦草的E基因组和四倍体长穗偃麦草的E1基因组的4个高分子量麦谷蛋白亚基（HMW-GS）基因启动子的部分序列。序列分析表明,它们之间的同源性较高,两个x型亚基启动子序列之间只有1个碱基的差异,而两个y型亚基启动子序列完全相同, x和y型亚基启动子序列之间的长度和部分碱基位点都有差异。推测四倍体长穗偃麦草中的E1基因组可能起源于二倍体的E基因组。与来自小麦族的A、B、D和G基因组部分亚基基因的启动子序列比较表明,小麦族的这一区域在进化上是相当保守的,不同基因组来源的序列同源性都在90%以上。经过对这些序列的聚类分析,表明长穗偃麦草的y型HMW-GS基因与其他亚基基因的进化关系较远,而x型亚基基因与一个来自小麦1B染色体的亚基基因关系最近。Abstract: The partial promoter regions of HMW glutenin subunit genes were cloned form the genomes E (in diploid Agropyron elongatum) and E1 (in tetraploid Agropyron elongatum) by PCR approach. There was only one nucleotide acid difference in the promoter sequences of x-type subunits between the two genomes; moreover, the promoter sequences of the two y-type subunits were completely identical. Although these promoter regions were very similar to each other, differences still existed in sequence size and the kind of nucleotide acid between the x-type and y-type subunits. It was speculated that the E1 genome in tetraploid Agropyron elongatum was probably originated from E genome in diploid species. The comparisons of these subunits with some of those from A, B, D and G genome of Triticeae demonstrated that the sequences of their partial promoter regions were conserved and shared a high homology more than 90%. The phylogenetic analysis based on the sequences in this region indicated that the y-type HMW glutenin subunits of Agropyron elongatum species were different from other subunits, whereas the x-type subunits of them were most closely related to that from the B genome.     

小麦-大麦2H异代换系的鉴定

通过基因组原位杂交、重双端体测交及RFLP分析,解析了来自小麦品种"中国春"(Triticum aestivumL.cv."Chinese Spring"(CS))×大麦品种"Betzes"(Hordeum vulgare L.cv."Betzes")杂种后代15份材料的遗传组成,鉴定出6个二体异代换系;对与"中国春"重双端体DDT2A、DDT2B及DDT2D测交的F1代花粉母细胞减数分裂中期染色体构型进行观察,同时以小麦第二部分同源群短臂探针psr131进行RFLP分析,鉴定出一套遗传稳定的小麦-大麦2H二体异代换系2H(A)、2H(B)和2H(D).小麦第二部分同源群短臂探针psr131可作为追踪大麦2H染色体的RFLP标记.从代换系的生长势及其他农艺性状看,大麦2H染色体对小麦染色体2B和2D的补偿作用较好.通过考种观察到携带大麦α淀粉酶抑制蛋白基因的2H染色体导入小麦后,淀粉品质发生了改变,外观品质由原来"中国春"的半粉质转变为代换系的半角质.     

Genome-specific primer sets for starch biosynthesis genes in wheat

Common wheat (Triticum aestivum L., 2n=6x=42) is an allohexaploid composed of three closely related genomes, designated A, B, and D. Genetic analysis in wheat is complicated, as most genes are present in triplicated sets located in the same chromosomal regions of homoeologous chromosomes. The goal of this report was to use genomic information gathered from wheat–rice sequence comparison to develop genome-specific primer sets for five genes involved in starch biosynthesis. Intron locations in wheat were inferred through the alignment of wheat cDNA sequences with rice genomic sequence. Exon-anchored primers, which amplify across introns, allowed the sequencing of introns from the three genomes for each gene. Sequence variation within introns among the three wheat genomes provided the basis for genome-specific primer design. For three genes, ADP-glucose pyrophosphorylase (Agp-L), sucrose transporter (SUT), and waxy (Wx), genome-specific primer sets were developed for all three genomes. Genome-specific primers were developed for two of the three genomes for Agp-S and starch synthase I (SsI). Thus, 13 of 15 possible genome-specific primer sets were developed using this strategy. Seven genome-specific primer combinations were used to amplify alleles in hexaploid wheat lines for sequence comparison. Three single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) were identified in a comparison of 5,093 bp among a minimum of ten wheat accessions. Two of these SNPs could be converted into cleaved amplified polymorphism sequence (CAPS) markers. Our results indicated that the design of genome-specific primer sets using intron-based sequence differences has a high probability of success, while the identification of polymorphism among alleles within a genome may be a challenge.     

Rapid genome evolution revealed by comparative sequence analysis of orthologous regions from four triticeae genomes

Bread wheat (Triticum aestivum) is an allohexaploid species, consisting of three subgenomes (A, B, and D). To study the molecular evolution of these closely related genomes, we compared the sequence of a 307-kb physical contig covering the high molecular weight (HMW)-glutenin locus from the A genome of durum wheat (Triticum turgidum, AABB) with the orthologous regions from the B genome of the same wheat and the D genome of the diploid wheat Aegilops tauschii (Anderson et al., 2003; Kong et al., 2004). Although gene colinearity appears to be retained, four out of six genes including the two paralogous HMW-glutenin genes are disrupted in the orthologous region of the A genome. Mechanisms involved in gene disruption in the A genome include retroelement insertions, sequence deletions, and mutations causing in-frame stop codons in the coding sequences. Comparative sequence analysis also revealed that sequences in the colinear intergenic regions of these different genomes were generally not conserved. The rapid genome evolution in these regions is attributable mainly to the large number of retrotransposon insertions that occurred after the divergence of the three wheat genomes. Our comparative studies indicate that the B genome diverged prior to the separation of the A and D genomes. Furthermore, sequence comparison of two distinct types of allelic variations at the HMW-glutenin loci in the A genomes of different hexaploid wheat cultivars with the A genome locus of durum wheat indicates that hexaploid wheat may have more than one tetraploid ancestor.     

Genetic and epigenetic alteration among three homoeologous genes of a class E MADS box gene in hexaploid wheat

Bread wheat (Triticum aestivum) is a hexaploid species with A, B, and D ancestral genomes. Most bread wheat genes are present in the genome as triplicated homoeologous genes (homoeologs) derived from the ancestral species. Here, we report that both genetic and epigenetic alterations have occurred in the homoeologs of a wheat class E MADS box gene. Two class E genes are identified in wheat, wheat SEPALLATA (WSEP) and wheat LEAFY HULL STERILE1 (WLHS1), which are homologs of Os MADS45 and Os MADS1 in rice (Oryza sativa), respectively. The three wheat homoeologs of WSEP showed similar genomic structures and expression profiles. By contrast, the three homoeologs of WLHS1 showed genetic and epigenetic alterations. The A genome WLHS1 homoeolog (WLHS1-A) had a structural alteration that contained a large novel sequence in place of the K domain sequence. A yeast two-hybrid analysis and a transgenic experiment indicated that the WLHS1-A protein had no apparent function. The B and D genome homoeologs, WLHS1-B and WLHS1-D, respectively, had an intact MADS box gene structure, but WLHS1-B was predominantly silenced by cytosine methylation. Consequently, of the three WLHS1 homoeologs, only WLHS1-D functions in hexaploid wheat. This is a situation where three homoeologs are differentially regulated by genetic and epigenetic mechanisms.     

Sequencing and comparative analyses of Aegilops tauschii chromosome arm 3DS reveal rapid evolution of Triticeae genomes

Bread wheat (Triticum aestivum, AABBDD) is an allohexaploid species derived from two rounds of interspecific hybridizations. A high-quality genome sequence assembly of diploid Aegilops tauschii, the donor of the wheat D genome, will provide a useful platform to study polyploid wheat evolution. A combined approach of BAC pooling and next-generation sequencing technology was employed to sequence the minimum tiling path (MTP) of 3176 BAC clones from the short arm of Ae. tauschii chromosome 3 (At3DS). The final assembly of 135 super-scaffolds with an N50 of 4.2 Mb was used to build a 247-Mb pseudomolecule with a total of 2222 predicted protein-coding genes. Compared with the orthologous regions of rice, Brachypodium, and sorghum, At3DS contains 38.67% more genes. In comparison to At3DS, the short arm sequence of wheat chromosome 3B (Ta3BS) is 95-Mb large in size, which is primarily due to the expansion of the non-centromeric region, suggesting that transposable element (TE) bursts in Ta3B likely occurred there. Also, the size increase is accompanied by a proportional increase in gene number in Ta3BS. We found that in the sequence of short arm of wheat chromosome 3D (Ta3DS), there was only less than 0.27% gene loss compared to At3DS. Our study reveals divergent evolution of grass genomes and provides new insights into sequence changes in the polyploid wheat genome.     

Proteome analysis of diploid,tetraploid and hexaploid wheat: towards understanding genome interaction in protein expression

Hexaploid wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) is derived from a complex hybridization procedure involving three diploid species carrying the A, B and D genomes. The proteome patterns of diploid, tetraploid and hexaploid wheat were analyzed to explore the genome interaction in protein expression. At least two species from each of the diploid and tetraploid were used to compare their proteome maps with a hexaploid wheat cv. Chinese Spring. The ancestral cultivars were selected based on their history of closeness with the cultivated wheat. Proteins were extracted from seed flour and separated by two-dimensional electrophoresis (2-DE) with isoelectric focusing of pH range from 4-10. 2-DE maps of cultivated and ancestral species were analyzed by computer assisted image analyzer. The region of high molecular weight glutenin subunits of hexaploid wheat showed similarity with those of the diploid donors, BB and DD genomes. The omega gliadin, which is controlled by B genome in common wheat, was assumed to have evolved as a result of interaction between AA and BB genomes. The low molecular weight glutenins and alpha and beta gliadin regions were contributed by the three genomes. This result suggests that the function of donor genomes particularly in the expression of proteins in hexaploid wheat is not totally independent; rather it is the product of interactions among the diploid genomes in the hexaploid nuclear constitutions. The expression of nonstorage proteins was affected substantially due to the removal of the D genome from hexaploid constitution. Location of the structural gene controlling one of the alpha amylase inhibitor proteins in the nonstorage protein region was identified in the short arm of chromosome 3D.     

Cloning and characterization of a gene encoding wheat starch synthase I

 A cDNA clone, and a corresponding genomic DNA clone, containing full-length sequences encoding wheat starch synthase I, were isolated from a cDNA library of hexaploid wheat (Triticum aestivum) and a genomic DNA library of Triticum tauschii, respectively. The entire sequence of the starch synthase-I cDNA (wSSI-cDNA) is 2591 bp, and it encodes a polypeptide of 647 amino-acid residues that shows 81% and 61% identity to the amino-acid sequences of SSI-type starch synthases from rice and potato, respectively. In addition, the putative N-terminal amino-acid sequence of the encoded protein is identical to that determined for the N-terminal region of the 75-kDa starch synthase present in the starch granule of hexaploid wheat. Two prominent starch synthase activities were demonstrated to be present in the soluble fraction of wheat endosperm by activity staining of the non-denaturing PAGE gels. The most anodal band (wheat SSI) shows the highest staining intensity and results from the activity of a 75-kDa protein. The wheat SSI mRNA is expressed in the endosperm during the early to mid stages of wheat grain development but was not detected by Northern blotting in other tissues from the wheat plant. The gene encoding the wheat SSI (SsI-D1) consists of 15 exons and 14 introns, similar to the structure of the rice starch synthase-I gene. While the exons of wheat and rice are virtually identical in length, the wheat SsI-D1 gene has longer sequences in introns 1, 2, 4 and 10, and shorter sequences in introns 6, 11 and 14, than the corresponding rice gene. Received: 5 June 1998 / Accepted: 29 September 1998     

Types and rates of sequence evolution at the high-molecular-weight glutenin locus in hexaploid wheat and its ancestral genomes

The Glu-1 locus, encoding the high-molecular-weight glutenin protein subunits, controls bread-making quality in hexaploid wheat (Triticum aestivum) and represents a recently evolved region unique to Triticeae genomes. To understand the molecular evolution of this locus region, three orthologous Glu-1 regions from the three subgenomes of a single hexaploid wheat species were sequenced, totaling 729 kb of sequence. Comparing each Glu-1 region with its corresponding homologous region from the D genome of diploid wheat, Aegilops tauschii, and the A and B genomes of tetraploid wheat, Triticum turgidum, revealed that, in addition to the conservation of microsynteny in the genic regions, sequences in the intergenic regions, composed of blocks of nested retroelements, are also generally conserved, although a few nonshared retroelements that differentiate the homologous Glu-1 regions were detected in each pair of the A and D genomes. Analysis of the indel frequency and the rate of nucleotide substitution, which represent the most frequent types of sequence changes in the Glu-1 regions, demonstrated that the two A genomes are significantly more divergent than the two B genomes, further supporting the hypothesis that hexaploid wheat may have more than one tetraploid ancestor.     

Intraspecific sequence comparisons reveal similar rates of non-collinear gene insertion in the B and D genomes of bread wheat

ABSTRACT: BACKGROUND: Polyploidization is considered one of the main mechanisms of plant genome evolution. The presence of multiple copies of the same gene reduces selection pressure and permits sub-functionalization and neo-functionalization leading to plant diversification, adaptation and speciation. In bread wheat, polyploidization and the prevalence of transposable elements resulted in massive gene duplication and movement. As a result, the number of genes which are non-collinear to genomes of related species seems markedly increased in wheat. RESULTS: We used new-generation sequencing (NGS) to generate sequence of a Mb-sized region from wheat chromosome arm 3DS. Sequence assembly of 24 BAC clones resulted in two scaffolds of 1,264,820 and 333,768 bases. The sequence was annotated and compared to the homoeologous region on wheat chromosome 3B and orthologous loci of Brachypodium distachyon and rice. Among 39 coding sequences in the 3DS scaffolds, 32 have a homoeolog on chromosome 3B. In contrast, only fifteen and fourteen orthologs were identified in the corresponding regions in rice and Brachypodium, respectively. Interestingly, five pseudogenes were identified among the non-collinear coding sequences at the 3B locus, while none was found at the 3DS locus. CONCLUSION: Direct comparison of two Mb-sized regions of the B and D genomes of bread wheat revealed similar rates of non-collinear gene insertion in both genomes with a majority of gene duplications occurring before their divergence. Relatively low proportion of pseudogenes was identified among non-collinear coding sequences. Our data suggest that the pseudogenes did not originate from insertion of non-functional copies, but were formed later during the evolution of hexaploid wheat. Some evidence was found for gene erosion along the B genome locus.     

Lr34 multi-pathogen resistance ABC transporter: molecular analysis of homoeologous and orthologous genes in hexaploid wheat and other grass species

The Triticum aestivum (bread wheat) disease resistance gene Lr34 confers durable, race non-specific protection against three fungal pathogens, and has been a highly relevant gene for wheat breeding since the green revolution. Lr34, located on chromosome 7D, encodes an ATP-binding cassette (ABC) transporter. Both wheat cultivars with and without Lr34-based resistance encode a putatively functional protein that differ by only two amino acid polymorphisms. In this study, we focused on the identification and characterization of homoeologous and orthologous Lr34 genes in hexaploid wheat and other grasses. In hexaploid wheat we found an expressed and putatively functional Lr34 homoeolog located on chromosome 4A, designated Lr34-B. Another homoeologous Lr34 copy, located on chromosome 7A, was disrupted by the insertion of repetitive elements. Protein sequences of LR34-B and LR34 were 97% identical. Orthologous Lr34 genes were detected in the genomes of Oryza sativa (rice) and Sorghum bicolor (sorghum). Zea mays (maize), Brachypodium distachyon and Hordeum vulgare (barley) lacked Lr34 orthologs, indicating independent deletion of this particular ABC transporter. Lr34 was part of a gene-rich island on the wheat D genome. We found gene colinearity on the homoeologous A and B genomes of hexaploid wheat, but little microcolinearity in other grasses. The homoeologous LR34-B protein and the orthologs from rice and sorghum have the susceptible haplotype for the two critical polymorphisms distinguishing the LR34 proteins from susceptible and resistant wheat cultivars. We conclude that the particular Lr34-haplotype found in resistant wheat cultivars is unique. It probably resulted from functional gene diversification that occurred after the polyploidization event that was at the origin of cultivated bread wheat.     

New Variation Identified by SSR in a Wheat Variety Derived from Synthetic Hexaploid Wheat ( Triticum durum× Aegilops tauschii)

Hybridization and polyploidization are important ways for wheat to evolve and to genetically differentiate. Ninety two simple sequence repeat (SSR) molecular markers, which distributed in A, B, and D genomes , were used to perform genetic comparison between Chuan-W5436 (CW5436), a new wheat variety, and its parents, synthetic hexaploid wheat Syn786 (♀ ) and common wheat Mianyang 26 (My26) (♂). The results indicated that alleles were not genetically transmitted from parents (Syn786 (♀) crossed (My26) (♂) ) to the progeny CW5436 as Mendelian proportions . A new variation on a SSR molecular marker loci with novel additive bands was observed in CW5436 but not found in its parents. It suggested that artificial selective stress was an important factor to promote the frequency of significant deviations of the expected allele, resulting in microsatellite sequences of the progeny changed . The affect of the genetic differentiation of SSR molecular marker loci that occurred in wheat crosses and gene transfer on the genetic evolu1tion of wheat was discussed.