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SRAP标记在植物遗传多样性中的应用进展 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
该文综述了SRAP标记在植物种类遗传多样性国内近几年的应用进展,以便为今后的研究提供相应的理论依据.同时,并讨论了一些SRAP标记在植物种类遗传多样性应用中尚存在的问题. 相似文献
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SRAP分子标记分析西瓜遗传多态性 总被引:16,自引:0,他引:16
目的:探讨西瓜遗传多样性和遗传基础。方法:采用SRAP分子标记对西瓜品种D1、D2、D3、H1、H2、H3、M1、M2、M3、m1、m2、m3的多态性进行了分析。结果:每对引物组合产生13~25对比较清晰的扩增带.8对引物组合共产生131条扩增带。平均每对引物组合产生16.375条。8对引物组合共产生多态性带37条,每对引物组合产生3~7条,平均4.625条。每对引物组合产生的多态性带的比例为16.666%~38.464%,平均为28.675%。另外,对银染过程进行了优化。结论:SRAP标记多态性还是较高的,可以适于分析西瓜等遗传差异小的作物。 相似文献
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为了评价SSR分子标记在辣椒(Capsicum annuum L.)品种特异性、一致性、稳定性(DUS)测试中的应用潜力,采用聚丙烯酰胺凝胶电泳技术和毛细管电泳技术,对辣椒SSR引物进行筛选,采用入选的30对核心引物,构建130份不同来源品种的指纹图谱。30对引物共检测到等位基因163个,每对引物等位基因变幅为2~15,平均等位基因数为5.43,多态信息量(PIC)的变异范围为0.17~0.76,平均为0.43。聚类分析表明,该套引物可以将所有参试品种区分开来,遗传基础相近的品种优先聚在一起。130个品种的遗传距离为0.01~0.91。有20对品种遗传距离小于0.10,其中3对品种有1个位点的差异,采用差异位点数判断品种特异性更适合目前辣椒品种现状。采用10对引物对品种0313963-4进行了一致性检测,综合一致性比率R值为96.5%,低于DUS测试中对表型性状一致性的要求。因此SSR标记直接用于辣椒DUS判定还需进一步研究,但是可用于近似品种筛选。 相似文献
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棉花遗传多样性SCoT和SRAP标记的研究及比较分析 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
利用SCoT和SRAP两种分子标记技术对30份彩色棉与白色棉种质资源,进行遗传多样性研究。用29对SRAP引物组合和26个SCoT引物分别对供试棉花的基因组DNA进行扩增。SCoT引物共扩增出163条带,多态性比率为61.96%,遗传相似系数GS值变化范围为0.5405~0.9972。SRAP引物组合共扩增条带1067条,多态性比率仅为14.1%,遗传相似系数GS值变化范围为0.5415~0.9109。两种标记系统得到了相似但并不完全相同的聚类图,2种标记方法间存在显著相关性(r=0.5518,P<0.05)。结果表明,SRAP与SCoT标记均适用于棉花种质的遗传多样性分析,且SCoT的标记指数MI高于SRAP标记,为SCoT这种新兴的标记技术在棉花育种中的应用提供了重要的依据。 相似文献
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利用SRAP标记分析中国野生石蒜的遗传多样性 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
采用SRAP(Sequence-related amplified polymorphism,序列相关扩增多态性)标记对中国13个省24份野生石蒜(Lycoris radiata)资源94个样品进行了检测。10个引物组合共扩增出218条带,其中173条为多态性条带,多态性百分比达79.36%。石蒜的观测等位基因数(na)、有效等位基因数(ne)、基因多样性指数(h)、Shannon信息指数(I)分别为1.7936、1.4131、0.2415和0.3664。石蒜不同种源间的遗传分化系数(Gst)达0.9547、基因流(Nm)仅0.0136,表明种源间遗传分化显著,遗传变异主要存在于种源间。根据Nei′s遗传距离对24份种源进行UPGMA聚类,所有石蒜种源聚成两大类,第I大类由7份种源组成,除江苏连云港的石蒜(JS3)外,均来自我国西南或西北地区;其余的17份种源构成第II大类,它们遍及华南、华中和华东地区;各大类中的分支结果与野生石蒜外部形态及生长发育习性有一定联系。将石蒜种源的遗传多样性与其所处的经度、纬度、海拔、年均降雨量、年均温等进行相关性分析,结果显示它们之间的相关性均不显著,即石蒜对环境依赖性小,能分布在各种生境中。根据以上结果,我们认为野生石蒜具有较丰富的遗传多样性,而种源间遗传分化显著的原因主要是基因流的隔离。研究结果对我国的野生石蒜资源的开发利用与保护有重要意义。 相似文献
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SRAP标记是基于选择性扩增开放性阅读框的新型分子标记,具有简便、高效、重复性好、高共显性等优点,在植物育种中已经得到广泛应用.本文介绍了SRAP标记基本原理和特点,对SRAP标记在遗传多样性研究、遗传连锁图谱构建、比较基因组以及分子标记辅助选择育种等方面的应用进行了综述. 相似文献
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为了更加准确地了解水稻新品系的亲缘关系,本研究选用分辨力强、多态性较高的20对SRAP引物标记对42个水稻新品系进行了遗传多样性分析。结果表明,20对引物扩增出204个等位点,其中,有135个多态等位点,多态百分率为66.2%;每对引物分别检测出等位点变异2~9个,平均值为6.75。供试水稻新品系间的遗传差异系数为0.02~0.29。用欧式平方距离对42个水稻新品系的聚类分析表明,当遗传相似性为0.11时可将42个水稻新品系可聚为7大类群。研究结果在分子水平上进一步了解水稻新品系的遗传差异,为水稻育种工作中新品系的淘汰与推广提供了有效的补充依据。 相似文献
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新型标记SRAP在棉花F2分离群体及遗传多样性评价中的适用性分析 总被引:130,自引:0,他引:130
将新型分子标记SRAP(Sequence-related Amplified Polymorphism)应用于棉花的遗传研究,并建立了完整的PCR反应体系,此体系稳定可靠、扩增效果好、可重复性强。采用30个SRAP引物组合对海岛棉品种“Pima90”和陆地棉品种“邯郸208”进行比较扩增,29个引物组合可以获得多态性扩增,显示了较高的多态性。对上述两个品种的F2群体进行检测,共产生149个多态性条带,平均每个组合产生5.14个,单引物组合最多可产生13个多态性条带。用SRAP标记对11份陆地棉材料进行遗传多样性检测,30个引物组合中15个组合有多态性,得到22个多态性条带,显示了较高的多态性比率。研究结果表明,SRAP标记可在棉花分子生物学领域中广泛应用。 相似文献
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目的:研究我国山药种质资源遗传多样性,为合理利用资源和开展选育种工作提供理论依据。方法:以国内94份山药种质资源为材料,采用SRAP标记并通过NTSYS2.10软件进行SHAN聚类分析、PROJECTION主成分分析;利用POPGENE软件估算遗传多样性参数。结果:从49对SRAP引物中筛选出30对能产生稳定清晰可辨的扩增产物的引物,共扩增出754条DNA带,其中多态性条带616条,占总条带的81.7%。聚类结果表明:当遗传相似系数(GS)为0.822时,可将94份资源分为5类:第Ⅰ类20份、第Ⅱ类43份、第Ⅲ类7份、第Ⅳ类3份、第Ⅴ类21份。第Ⅰ、Ⅱ、Ⅲ、Ⅴ类分别为薯蓣、褐苞薯蓣、山薯和参薯。主成分分析结果显示:第一与第二主成分可解释88.34%(82.10%和6.24%)的遗传总变异。遗传多样性参数分析表明:比较5个遗传多样性参数值,5个群体的遗传多样性水平表现为Ⅰ>Ⅴ>Ⅲ>Ⅱ>Ⅳ,第Ⅰ类(薯蓣)遗传多样性水平高;山药遗传群体间遗传分化系数为51.88%,大部分差异存在于群体之间,群体间遗传分化高。结论:山药种质资源丰富且群体遗传分化高,有利于山药新品种的选育。SRAP标记可有效应用于山药种质资源的鉴别和遗传多样性分析。通过DNA指纹鉴定技术鉴别山药品种具有重要性与紧迫性。 相似文献
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特异性、一致性和稳定性是植物品种权授权、品种审定、登记的基本条件。近似品种选择是特异性测试的技术关键。本研究依据玉米DUS测试指南,对黄淮海地区3696份玉米品种进行了多年同一测试地点的性状观测,构建了黄淮海地区玉米品种测试性状数据库。通过对不同测试性状表达状态代码波动范围的研究,将玉米测试性状根据表达稳定性分为4级,确定了玉米品种27个测试性状表达状态代码的波动范围。在上述工作基础上,建立了基于测试性状表型数据库的近似品种筛选方法,提高了近似品种筛选的严谨性和效率。 相似文献
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用氰戊菊酯对来自阳谷的棉铃虫(YG)Heliothisarmigera(Hubner)进行抗性品系的筛选。在15代期间经过9代的室内选育,获得抗性品系(Fen-R),抗性倍数高达2463倍,筛选后F1,代LD50值(24.1412g/头)比筛选前F1代LD50值(0.2020 g/头)提高了119.5倍。对来自偃师的棉铃虫(YS)进行了连续两代单对筛选,得到敏感品系(Fen-S),敏感品系的LD50值为0.0116g/头,接近1983年东台敏感品系的LD50值(0.0098g/头)。Fen-R抗性品系筛选前后分别测定了七种杀虫剂的剂量-死亡回归线,发现Fen-R抗性品系对溴氰菊酯[LD50(Fen-R)LD50(YG)=5.2X]和氯氰菊酯(2.5X)具有一定程度的交互抗性;而对功夫菊酯(0.66X),氯菊酯(0.87X)、灭多威(0.74X)及久效磷(1.5X)没有交互抗性。氰戊菊酯加Pb的增效试验结果表明棉铃虫对氰戊菊酯的抗性主要是由于多功能氧化酶的代谢作用。毒理学资料还暗示抗性为多因子(基因)的。 相似文献
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Abstract. We compared the diversity, phytogeography, and plant communities in two mid-latitude alpine tundras with comparable aerial and elevational extents: Changbaishan Summit in eastern Asia and Indian Peaks in western North America. Despite wide separation, the two areas shared 72 species. In all, 43% of the species on Changbaishan Summit are also distributed in the alpine zones of western North America, while 22% of the species on Indian Peaks are also distributed in the alpine zones of eastern Asia. Almost all the shared species also occur in the Beringian region. Phytogeographical profiles of species and genera showed that 69% of species and over 90% of genera in both alpine tundras belong to the three phytogeographical categories: cosmopolitan, circumpolar, and Asian-North American. We attributed the current floristic relationship between these widely separated areas to the periodic past land connection between the two continents during the Tertiary and Pleistocene. Indian Peaks has a closer floristic relationship with the Arctic tundra than does Changbaishan Summit. Indian Peaks also has 45% higher species richness and lower vegetation cover than Changbaishan Summit. Plant communities from the two areas were completely separated in the two-way indicator species analysis and non-metric multidimensional scaling on floristic data at both species and generic levels, whereas ordination of communities by soil data produced a greater overlap. The plant communities on Changbaishan Summit in general have lower alpha diversity, higher beta diversity (lower between-community floristic similarity), and more rare species than does Indian Peaks. Mosaic diversity does not differ in the two alpine tundras, although the analysis suggests that Changbaishan Summit communities are more widely spaced on gradients than the Indian Peaks communities. 相似文献
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A combination of Wilcoxon's and Ansari-Bradley's statistics 总被引:3,自引:0,他引:3
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E. Doyle Wells 《植被学杂志》1996,7(6):847-878
Abstract. The peatlands of Atlantic Canada are classified in four plant alliances, consisting of 10 plant associations. The four plant alliances comprise the dry bog communities (Kalmio-Cladonion Wells 1981), wet bog communities (Scirpo-Sphagnion Wells 1981), hummock and ridge communities of slope and string fens (Betulo-Sphagnion Wells all. nov.), and poor, intermediate and rich fen plant communities (Scirpo-Myricion Wells 1981). Distribution maps are presented for relevés in each of the 10 associations. Based on species distributions, floristic regions are defined for peatlands in Atlantic Canada. Nutritional characteristics are also described for each plant association. pH and total soil concentrations of calcium, nitrogen and iron proved reliable in separating bog from fen. A boundary between ombrotrophic peatlands and minerotrophic peatlands is suggested, based on a soil pH of 4.0, total soil concentrations of 3.0 mg g?1 Ca, 4.0 mg g?1 Fe, 13.0 mg g?1 N and a Ca/Mg ratio of 2.5. Comparisons between the syntaxa for peatlands in Atlantic Canada and those in Europe are discussed for higher taxa. The possibility of establishing a new order (Chamaedaphno-Scirpetalia Wells ord. nov.) for peatlands in Atlantic Canada is also discussed. 相似文献
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通过酶联免疫法测定了刺猬体内脂蛋白(a)的含量,从中选出一些脂蛋白(a)水平较高的刺猬,研究脱唾液酸糖蛋白-多聚赖氨酸-反义载脂蛋白(a)RNA连接物对刺猬内源性脂蛋白(a)的降低作用.结果表明,该连接物可明显降低刺猬体内脂蛋白(a)的水平,而脱唾液酸糖蛋白-多聚赖氨酸-正义载脂蛋白(a)RNA连接物对刺猬体内脂蛋白(a)无降低作用,无脱唾液酸糖蛋白靶向的反义载脂蛋白(a)RNA寡核苷酸对刺猬体内脂蛋白(a)的降低作用明显低于有脱唾液酸糖蛋白靶向的连接物.连接物几乎不影响刺猬体内的纤维蛋白溶酶原的活性,连接物对刺猬脂蛋白(a)的降低作用至少可持续16h. 相似文献
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The Dopamine Metabolite 3-Methoxytyramine Is Not a Suitable Indicator of Dopamine Release in the Rat Brain 总被引:1,自引:1,他引:1
Arnold G. Vulto Herman G. M. Westenberg L. Bert A. Meijer Dirk H. G. Versteeg 《Journal of neurochemistry》1986,47(5):1387-1393
It has been postulated that changes in the concentration of 3-methoxytyramine (3-MT) in the brain might reflect changes in the release of 3,4-dihydroxyphenylethylamine (DA, dopamine) and, therefore, might be used as an index of dopaminergic activity in the brain. 3-MT is known to accumulate rapidly after death. Killing by microwave irradiation (MWR) is considered to be the method of choice to obtain "undisturbed" 3-MT concentrations. We measured striatal 3-MT concentrations even lower than those following MWR when the brains were excised and frozen in dry ice very rapidly (typical time between decapitation and freezing of the brain 22 s). There was a linear increase in striatal 3-MT concentration when the time between decapitation and freezing was varied between 13 and 300 s. Extrapolation to time zero indicated negligible amounts of 3-MT at the time of decapitation. In addition, it was observed that DA, 3,4-dihydroxyphenylacetic acid, and homovanillic acid decompose during the cooling phase after heating the brain by microwave. It is concluded that MWR induces artifactual changes in the postmortem levels of DA and metabolites. Consequently 3-MT cannot be considered to be a reliable indicator of DA release in the rat brain. 相似文献
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The oxygen burst phenomenon that appeared during the light-induction period of intact leaves could be monitored using a photoacoustic technique high time resolution. The relationship between oxygen bursts and dark-adapted time, far-red light pretreatment, photothermal signal, and chlorophyll a (Chl a) fluorescence kinetics were investigated in the present study. Using extraneous inhibitors or cofactors of electron transport, a modified vacuum-infiltration method was undertaken to locate directly the site at which oxygen bursts of intact leaves occurred. We found that the photothermal signal showed little evidence of oscillation during the light-induction period. The oxygen burst was resolved into two components if darkadapted time lasted longer than 20 min. Methyl viologen (MV) or far-red light could not eliminate the first component, whereas formate-Na (pH 7.0, 20 μmol/L) eliminated the first component but had no effect on the second one. Furthermore, the photochemical quenching, the electron transport rate of Chl a fluorescence,and the first component of the oxygen bursts approached lowest values simultaneously. This evidence indicates that the site at which the first component of oxygen bursts occurred was located between photosystem (PS)Ⅰ and PSⅡ (i.e. the PQ pool). The formate-Na experiment also showed a linkage between the first component and the S state of oxygen evolution at the donor side of PSⅡ. Furthermore, elimination of the second component by far-red light and absorption of the second component by MV indicated that the site at which the second component of oxygen bursts may be located at the acceptor side of PSⅡ. 相似文献