中国林蛙蝌蚪对盐度和pH的耐受性

分别在正常盐度不同 pH值、正常 pH值不同盐度和相同水温 18 3～ 2 0 7℃的条件下 ,进行中国林蛙蝌蚪对盐度和 pH值的耐受性实验。结果表明 ,在pH值为 6 8～ 7 0时 ,盐度在 2 0～ 3 0g·L-1对蝌蚪 96h存活率没有明显影响 ;随着盐度的增加 ,蝌蚪存活率下降 ;盐度对蝌蚪 2 4、4 8、72和 96h的TLm 值分别为 8 79,7 12 ,5 6 4和 3 83g·L-1,安全浓度为 1 73g·L-1。在盐度为 0 18g·L-1时 ,pH值在 4 3～ 9 7范围内对蝌蚪 96h存活率没有明显影响 ;pH值对蝌蚪的 2 4 ,4 8,72和 96h的TLm 值分别为 10 33,10 18,10 0 8和 10 0 2。生产上中国林蛙蝌蚪生存的适宜 pH值为 6 0～ 9 0 ,适宜盐度为 1 0～ 2 0g·L-1。     

初始pH值对产氢产乙酸/耗氢产乙酸两段耦合工艺定向生产乙酸的影响

以葡萄糖为底物,以经加热预处理并活化过的厌氧污泥为种泥,研究了初始pH值对产氢产乙酸/耗氢产乙酸两段耦合工艺厌氧发酵定向生产乙酸的影响。实验考察了7个初始pH值(5、6、7、8、9、10、11)条件下的底物降解、产物产生和发酵过程pH值的变化。结果表明:产氢产乙酸段初始pH值的变化不仅影响本阶段产酸,而且影响耗氢产乙酸段产酸。初始pH=5时主要进行乙醇型发酵;pH=6和7时主要进行丁酸型发酵;pH=8时混合酸型发酵类型逐渐占优势,pH=8~11时均以乙酸为主要产物,耦合系统生产乙酸最优初始pH值为10。在初始pH=8~11范围内,产氢产乙酸段初期的乙醇浓度一般较高,但到后期因乙醇被微生物进一步代谢转化成乙酸而使其含量下降。     

盐度和pH突变对不同日龄裸项栉鰕虎鱼仔鱼存活的影响

目的研究盐度和pH突变对裸项栉鰕虎鱼仔鱼存活率的影响。方法实验选取了五个不同日龄（2d、4d．6d、8d和10d）的仔鱼,设置了7个不同盐度突变水平（O、10、20、30、40、50和60）和6个pH突变水平（5、6、7、8、9和10）。结果96h的实验结果表明,日龄、盐度和pH均对裸项栉鰕虎鱼仔鱼的存活率产生影响,随日龄的增大,各处理组仔鱼存活率升高;0和60的盐度以及pH为10的各组裸项栉鰕虎鱼仔鱼死亡。结论裸项栉鰕虎鱼仔鱼对于一定范围内盐度（10—50）和pH（5—9）的突变具有很好的适应性。     

pH、底物浓度及暂养盐度对红鳍笛鲷消化道淀粉酶活力的影响

测定了红鳍笛鲷的胃、幽门盲囊、肠等消化组织中淀粉酶在不同pH值下的活力及在最适pH值下底物浓度、暂养盐度对其活力的影响。结果表明：胃、幽门盲囊、前中肠、后肠的淀粉酶的最适pH值分别是5．4、6．0、6．0、7．6和6．2;最适底物浓度分别为0．032％、0．032％、0．040％、0．040％和0．040％;最适暂养盐度为25‰。     

可口革囊星虫胚胎与幼体的发育

解剖经降温8-10℃刺激30-40h后的可口革囊星虫(Phascolosomaesculenta)亲体取得精、卵,用人工授精法获得的受精卵进行胚胎和幼体发育的研究。结果表明:可口革囊星虫的卵为圆形或椭圆形,卵的大小为120μm×142μm-125μm×148μm。精子由头部、中段和尾部组成,全长约为32-40μm。在海水盐度23.8ppt、pH8.1、温度15℃的条件下,精、卵不能受精;在海水盐度23.8ppt、pH8.1、温度20℃的条件下,精卵能受精,但胚胎发育到原肠胚期停止;在海水盐度23.8ppt、pH8.1条件下,25℃、30℃和35℃的不同水温,精卵均能受精,受精卵发育到初期海球幼虫分别需要72h0min、47h08min和42h53min。在海水盐度23.8-25.5ppt,pH8.1-8.2,温度28-30℃条件下,从初期海球幼虫发育到稚虫需要15-20d。     

山东埕口盐场海欣分场卤虫种群生态调查

卤虫在盐田生态系统的生物调控中起着重要作用.为探讨盐田生态环境对卤虫种群的影响,选取盐度由低到高的盐池6个,采用连续定点取样、现场测量及实验室分析相结合的方法,对相关生态因子进行了调查.结果表明:卤水温度随季节变化而变化,且随卤水盐度升高而小幅增加;pH随卤水盐度升高而略有降低;卤水中叶绿素a含量与自然海水相比普遍较低(＜0.3μg·L-1);总氮和总磷浓度随卤水盐度的增加而显著升高,且较低盐度下氮为限制性元素,而较高盐度下磷为限制性元素;卤虫种群密度随卤水温度和盐度的变化而变化,在较低盐度(7 ～12°Bé)和较高温度(6-8月)下卤虫种群密度较高.分析雌雄卤虫性比表明:埕口盐场为孤雌和两性生殖卤虫混合种群,盐度和温度对孤雌和两性生殖卤虫种群密度均有一定影响;春夏季和低盐度环境下孤雌品系卤虫种群占绝对优势,而在秋季和较高盐度下两性生殖种群卤虫种群逐渐占据优势.     

光照强度、温度、pH、盐度对小球藻（Chlorella）光合作用的影响

利用测定净光合放氧速率的方法研究了光照强度、温度、pH、盐度对小球藻（Chlorella sp.XQ-200419）和海洋小球藻（Chlorella marina NJ-016）光合作用的影响。小球藻（Chlorella sp.XQ-200419）的适宜光照强度范围为100～〉1600μmo·lm-2·s-1,光饱和点在500μmo·lm-2·s-1附近;适宜温度范围为25～42.5℃,最适温度为37.5℃;适宜pH值范围为6.5～9.0,最适pH值为7.0;对盐度的适应范围较广,在0～0.6mol/L范围内,随着盐度的升高,净光合放氧速率有下降趋势。海洋小球藻（Chlorella marina NJ-016）的适宜光照强度范围为400～〉1600μmol·m-2·s-1,光饱和点在1400μmo·lm-2.s-1附近;适宜温度范围为25～42.5℃,最适温度为37.5℃;适宜pH值范围为5.0～9.0,最适pH值为8.0;对盐度有很好的适应性,在0～0.6mol/L范围内,随着盐度升高,净光合放氧速率明显上升。小球藻和海洋小球藻的净光合放氧速率随光照强度、温度、pH值和盐度变化的规律,表明了两种小球藻的基本生理生态学特性：能适应较强的光照强度、较高的温度、中性偏碱的环境和较高的盐度。研究结果有助于小球藻培养条件的优化。两种小球藻对光照强度、温度、pH值和盐度变化的反应也有所不同：与小球藻（Chlorella sp.XQ-200419）相比,海洋小球藻（Chlorella marina NJ-016）对光照强度有更好的适应性,对pH值变化有更宽的适应范围,适当提高盐度对其光合作用有明显的促进作用。这表明海洋小球藻（Chlorella marina NJ-016）在快速生长繁殖方面具有更大的潜力,这一研究结果为筛选适合于大量培养的优良藻种提供了依据。     

光照强度、温度、pH、盐度对小球藻(Chlorella)光合作用的影响

利用测定净光合放氧速率的方法研究了光照强度、温度、pH、盐度对小球藻(Chlorella sp.XQ-200419)和海洋小球藻(Chlorella marina NJ-016)光合作用的影响。小球藻(Chlorella sp.XQ-200419)的适宜光照强度范围为100～1600μmo·lm-2·s-1,光饱和点在500μmo·lm-2·s-1附近;适宜温度范围为25～42.5℃,最适温度为37.5℃;适宜pH值范围为6.5～9.0,最适pH值为7.0;对盐度的适应范围较广,在0～0.6mol/L范围内,随着盐度的升高,净光合放氧速率有下降趋势。海洋小球藻(Chlorella marina NJ-016)的适宜光照强度范围为400～1600μmol·m-2·s-1,光饱和点在1400μmo·lm-2.s-1附近;适宜温度范围为25～42.5℃,最适温度为37.5℃;适宜pH值范围为5.0～9.0,最适pH值为8.0;对盐度有很好的适应性,在0～0.6mol/L范围内,随着盐度升高,净光合放氧速率明显上升。小球藻和海洋小球藻的净光合放氧速率随光照强度、温度、pH值和盐度变化的规律,表明了两种小球藻的基本生理生态学特性:能适应较强的光照强度、较高的温度、中性偏碱的环境和较高的盐度。研究结果有助于小球藻培养条件的优化。两种小球藻对光照强度、温度、pH值和盐度变化的反应也有所不同:与小球藻(Chlorella sp.XQ-200419)相比,海洋小球藻(Chlorella marina NJ-016)对光照强度有更好的适应性,对pH值变化有更宽的适应范围,适当提高盐度对其光合作用有明显的促进作用。这表明海洋小球藻(Chlorella marina NJ-016)在快速生长繁殖方面具有更大的潜力,这一研究结果为筛选适合于大量培养的优良藻种提供了依据。     

大黄鱼细菌性病原哈维氏弧菌培养特性的研究

弧菌是危害水产养殖动物的最为严重的病原之一.从患病大黄鱼肝脏分离致病的细菌哈维氏弧菌GYC1108-1为材料,对哈维氏弧菌GYC1108-1株的最佳生长条件及培养基优化进行了测定.综合考察不同的培养温度、培养时间、培养基盐度、培养基的pH值对细菌生长的影响,并采用正交实验法,对培养基配方进行优化.结果表明:不同的培养温度、培养时间、培养基盐度、培养基pH值等均会影响细菌的产量.GYC1108-1适宜生长的盐度为1%-5%、pH为5～9.5、温度为15～35℃、在培养基中添加硫酸铜、硫酸氨会明显促进生长;最佳培养条件及培养基成份为:NaCl 2%,pH8.0,温度30℃,蛋白胨1.0%、牛肉膏0.75%、CuSO4 0.3mg/L、(NH4)2SO4 0.1g/L.     

几种主要环境因子对布朗葡萄藻(Botryococcus braunii)光合作用的影响

利用测定净光合放氧速率的方法研究了光照强度、温度、 pH值、盐度对布朗葡萄藻Botryococcus braunii UTEX 572和B.braunii UTEX 2441两个品系的光合作用的影响.B.braunii UTEX 572的适宜光照强度范围400～1600 μmol·m-2·s-1,光饱和点在800 μmol·m-2·s-1附近;适宜温度范围25～35℃,最适温度30℃;适宜pH范围5.0～8.0,最适pH7.0;适宜盐度范围0～0.2 mol/L,最适盐度0.1mol/L.B.braunii UTEX 2441的适宜光照强度范围400～1600 μmol·m-2·s-1,光饱和点在400 μmol·m-2·s-1附近;适宜温度范围25～35℃,最适温度30℃;适宜pH范围5.0～8.0,最适pH 7.0;对盐度的适应范围较小,盐度升高,光合放氧速率明显下降.两个布朗葡萄藻净光合放氧速率随光照强度、温度、pH值和盐度变化的规律,表明布朗葡萄藻的基本生理生态学特征:适应于较强的光照强度、较高的温度、中性偏酸的环境和较低的盐度.对布朗葡萄藻基本生理生态学特征的了解,为培养条件的优化提供了依据.2个布朗葡萄藻品系对光强、温度、pH值和盐度变化的反应有所不同:与B.braunii UTEX 2441相比,B.braunii UTEX 572具有更高的光饱和点,适应更高的温度,对pH值变化有更宽的适应范围,适当提高盐度对其光合作用有促进作用,表明B.braunii UTEX 572在快速生长繁殖方面具有更大的潜力,这一研究结果为筛选适合于大量培养的优良藻种提供了依据.     

Factors Affecting the Salinity Tolerance of the Freshwater Cryptomonad Chilomonas paramecium

ABSTRACT. The capacity of the freshwater cryptomonad Chilomonas paramecium to develop a tolerance for seawater in the growth medium was investigated as part of a research program exploring potential microbial food sources for estuarine bivalve mollusks. By gradually increasing the percentage of estuarine seawater included in a freshwater culture medium over the course of 10 years, strains were obtained that tolerate from 16 to 32% seawater (highest salinity 10.5 ppt), achieving equivalent final densities with similar gross biochemical composition. However, after subculture in seawater-containing media for over 20 years, growth rates in more-saline media remained appreciably slower than in low-salinity media. Reduction of C. paramecium growth rate by seawater was found to be exacerbated in media with an initial pH of 3.5 as compared with pH 4.0–5.0, suggesting either a specific H⁺ effect upon metabolism of the medium carbon source (lactic acid) or a general cation effect upon nutrient uptake or cell metabolism. By contrast, depression of growth rates at high salinity was ameliorated by eliminating sodium-phosphate enrichments in growth media. This suggests that cations in the phosphate salt were contributing to cation-mediated growth inhibition. Results indicate a potential for C. paramecium , cultured in moderately saline media with no phosphate enrichments, to be used as a carbohydrate supplement for laboratory and hatchery feeding of estuarine bivalve mollusks.     

Opportunity or catastrophe? effect of sea salt on host-parasite survival and reproduction

Seawater intrusion associated with decreasing groundwater levels and rising seawater levels may affect freshwater species and their parasites. While brackish water certainly impacts freshwater systems globally, its impact on disease transmission is largely unknown. This study examined the effect of artificial seawater on host-parasite interactions using a freshwater snail host, Biomphalaria alexandrina, and the human trematode parasite Schistosoma mansoni. To evaluate the impact of increasing salinity on disease transmission four variables were analyzed: snail survival, snail reproduction, infection prevalence, and the survival of the parasite infective stage (cercariae). We found a decrease in snail survival, snail egg mass production, and snail infection prevalence as salinity increases. However, cercarial survival peaked at an intermediate salinity value. Our results suggest that seawater intrusion into freshwaters has the potential to decrease schistosome transmission to humans.     

Influence of abiotic factors on bacterial proliferation and anoxic survival of the sea mussel Mytilus edulis L.

The effect of several abiotic factors (salinity, temperature and pH) on bacterial proliferation and survival time of the sea mussel Mytilus edulis L. were studied under anoxic incubations. In addition, the presence in the incubation media of ammonium and the volatile fatty acids propionate and acetate, both excreted fermentation products of the bivalve, was tested.Anoxic incubations with seawater diluted with demineralised water showed at the lowest salinity (50% seawater, SW) a significant increase in the capacity of M. edulis to survive anoxia as compared to both 75% SW and control [100% SW, corresponding to 32 practical salinity units (psu)]. Formation of biotic sulphide and ammonium occurred in all incubations. However, bacterial proliferation was postponed by 2-3 days at lowest salinity and accordingly, concentrations of both compounds were lower. Anoxic survival profiles of mussels collected from different habitats in the Dutch Scheldt area, characterised by differences in salinity (range from 17 to 31 psu), corresponded with the above salinity effect. Walsoorden mussels (17 psu) showed the longest (P<0.001) survival time under anoxia (LT₅₀=17.2 days) as compared with Paulina (27 psu) and Wemeldinge (31 psu) mussels (LT₅₀=12.8 and 9.8 days, respectively). Condition index (ratio of soft body weight to shell volume) was not correlated with anoxic survival time in untreated mussels, although this was clearly the case when the antibiotic chloramphenicol was added to the anoxic seawater.Acidification of the anoxic incubation medium had a positive effect on survival time. LT₅₀ values significantly (P<0.001) increased from 10.2 days at pH 8.1 to 11.6 and 11.5 days at pH 7.3 and 6.5, respectively. Biotic sulphide and ammonium accumulation as well as bacterial numbers were significantly lower at pH 7.3 and 6.5 as compared with pH 8.1. Anoxic incubations at 10 °C (LT₅₀=12.0 days) strongly increased survival time as compared to 18 °C (LT₅₀=5.9 days). The benefit of antibiotic addition was also stronger at lower temperature (10 °C).Addition of both propionate and acetate (0.5 mM) displayed no effect on mortality of mussels under anoxia, but ammonium (0.5 mM) caused a negative effect (P<0.001). Biotic sulphide and ammonium concentrations measured in both volatile fatty acid incubations were lower than the control situation, as well as total bacterial numbers.This study shows that environmental factors play a significant role in determining the course of bacterial infection and death of bivalves exposed to anoxia.     

Effects of salinity on growth, photosynthesis and respiration in a freshwater alga Rhizoclonium riparium (Chlorophyceae, Cladophorales)

A freshwater green alga, Rhizoclonium riparium (Roth) Harvey, was found to grow in diluted seawater with salinities (PSU) from 0.1 to 34.0 (0.1–34.0 S). It grew best at 13.6 S and least at 0.1 S which was the least salinity reported in its habitat. Net photosynthetic oxygen production of R. riparium rose with salinity up to 34.0. However, in the medium adjusted at pH 8.1. the net photosynthesis rose at low ranges of salinity and was almost at the same level in all ranges of salinities examined. The net photosynthesis was increased by the addition of bicarbonate in the medium. Respiratory oxygen consumption did not rise with the increase of external salinities from 0.1 to 34.0. The results indicate that R. riparium can grow by increasing net photosynthesis in diluted seawater in which the pH value is suitable for effective bicarbonate supply to photosynthesis.     

Effects of pH on salinity tolerance of selected freshwater invertebrates

Salinization of freshwaters often co-occurs with other changes in the environment, including pH. We investigate the effect of pH on salinity tolerance in selected macroinvertebrates (Notalina fulva, Centroptilum sp. and Physa acuta—lethal effects only) and microinvertebrates (Paramecium caudatum and Hydra oligactis—lethal and sublethal effects). Despite seemingly plausible physiological arguments, no difference in salinity tolerance over 96-h period was detected between low (5 or 6 nominal) pH and circumneutral (7–8.2 nominal) pH. P. caudatum was more salt sensitive in pH 11 than in pH 5, 7, and 10 in terms of mortality, and in terms of a sublethal endpoint, number of individuals produced and survived over 72 h, more sensitive to salinity in pH 10 than in pH 5 and 7. No other effects of pH on salinity tolerance were detected. Acidification will likely have effects on freshwater organisms on its own, however, when combined with salinization (from saline waters approximating seawater) acidification level tested did not modify the direct effects of salinity on the sample of freshwater invertebrates tested from a range of taxonomic groups. Thus the risk of low (5 or 6) pH modifying the effect of salinity on freshwater invertebrates is not high. Logically, lower pH values might have modified the effect of salinity, but there is a limited scope for lower pH values that would keep the species studied alive. In contrast, alkaline pH may increase the effect of salinity in some freshwater invertebrates. It is possible that the effect of pH on salinity tolerance may, however, be increased in saline waters with low calcium concentrations.     

环境因子对眼斑拟石首鱼精子活力的影响

通过测定精子的激活率、运动时间及寿命,研究了pH、盐度、离子及葡萄糖等因子变化对眼斑拟石首鱼(Csiaenops ocellatus)精子活力的影响。结果表明,眼斑拟石首鱼精液中精子平均浓度为(1.203±0.22)×10¹⁰个·mL^-1;精子激活与运动的适宜盐度范围为20～35,其中盐度25时精子的激活率、运动时间及寿命分别达94.32%、9.14min及12.55min;精子激活与运动的适宜pH为6.0～8.5,适宜的KCl、NaCl及CaCl₂溶液浓度分别为600～700mmol·L^-1、600mmol·L^-1及400～600mmol·L^-1,适宜的葡萄糖溶液浓度为700～900mmol·L^-1;精子在缺少HCO₃^-或Mg²⁺或Ca²⁺的人工海水中激活率与在人工海水中的激活率无显著差异,但运动时间和寿命有所缩短。     

The effect of dissolved organic carbon on bacterial adhesion to conditioning films adsorbed on glass from natural seawater collected during different seasons

Adhesion of three marine bacterial strains, i.e. Marinobacter hydrocarbonoclasticus, Psychrobacter sp. and Halomonas pacifica with different cell surface hydrophobicities was measured on glass in a stagnation point flow chamber. Prior to bacterial adhesion, the glass surface was conditioned for 1 h with natural seawater collected at different seasons in order to determine the effect of seawater composition on the conditioning film and bacterial adhesion to it. The presence of a conditioning film was demonstrated by an increase in water contact angle from 15 degrees on bare glass to 50 degrees on the conditioned glass, concurrent with an increase in the amount of adsorbed organic carbon and nitrogen, as measured by X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy. Multiple linear regression analysis on initial deposition rates, with as explanatory variables the temperature, salinity, pH and concentration of dissolved organic carbon (DOC) of the seawater at the time of collection, showed that the concentration of DOC was most strongly associated with the initial deposition rates of the three strains. Initial deposition rates of the two most hydrophilic strains to a conditioning film, increased with the concentration of DOC in the seawater, whereas the initial deposition rate of the most hydrophobic strain decreased with an increasing concentration of DOC.     

缘管浒苔和浒苔对海水盐度胁迫的生理响应

为探讨大型海藻对盐度的生理响应及其适应机制,以缘管浒苔和浒苔为试验材料,研究了不同盐度的稀释或浓缩海水处理10 d对浒苔属植物鲜质量(FM)、相对生长速率(RGR)、相对电导率(REC)、叶绿素含量(Chl)、类胡萝卜素含量(Car)、色素比值(Chl a/Chl b、Chl/Car)、叶绿素荧光参数和渗透调节能力(OAA)的影响.结果表明:与对照相比,10％ ～ 200％海水处理均明显促进两浒苔属品种的FM和RGR,缘管浒苔和浒苔分别在100％和50％海水处理下的FM和RGR达到最大值;300％海水处理显著抑制两浒苔生长,缘管浒苔受抑制程度较大;缘管浒苔的生物量仅在50％、100％海水处理下呈现正增长,浒苔生物量在10％、50％、100％、200％海水处理下均呈现正增长.10％海水处理下,两浒苔的Chl、Car、Chl a/Chl b显著上升,且随海水盐度的增加,呈现先增后降,缘管浒苔和浒苔的Chl、Car、Chl a/Chl b分别在100％、50％海水处理下达到最大值.随盐度的增加,叶绿素荧光参数PSⅡ最大光能转化效率(Fv/Fm)、PSⅡ实际光能转化效率(Yield)、最大相对电子传递速率(rETRmax)、光能利用效率(α)和半饱和光强(Ik)都显示与Chl相同的变化趋势.10％ ～ 300％海水处理下,浒苔属均表现出一定的OAA,缘管浒苔在100％海水处理下,OAA达到最大值,浒苔在50％海水处理下,OAA达到最大值.两浒苔的生长指标除与Chl/Car无明显的相关性,与REC呈极显著负相关,与Chl、Car、Chl a/Chl b、Fv/Fm、Yield、rETRmax、α、Ik、OAA呈极显著正相关.100％和50％海水处理分别对缘管浒苔和浒苔的生长最适宜,浒苔生长适应盐度的范围比缘管浒苔宽.REC、Chl、Car、Chl a/Chl b、Fv/Fm、Yield、rETRmmax、α、Ik和OAA均可以作为浒苔属植物生长盐适应性的评价指标.     

环境因子及超低温冻存对黄姑鱼精子活力的影响

通过测定精子的激活率、运动时间及寿命研究了环境因子变化对黄姑鱼精子活力的影响及超低温冻存后黄姑鱼精子的活力。结果表明,黄姑鱼精子激活与运动的适宜盐度为25～35、适宜pH为7.5～8.5。在pH 8.0～8.5、盐度25条件下,精子激活率达(85.33±2.52)%,运动时间及寿命分别为(336±14.02)s及(405.33±12.22)s。精子激活与运动的适宜NaCl、KCl、MgCl₂及葡萄糖溶液浓度分别为300～500 mmol·L^-1、600 mmol·L^-1、800～1000 mmol·L^-1及900mmol·L^-1;精子在缺少HCO₃^-的人工海水中未能被激活;精子在无Ca²⁺或无Mg²⁺的人工海水中激活率均大于80%,但运动时间及寿命均有所缩短。以Cortland及HBSS溶液为稀释液、10%EG为抗冻剂冻存黄姑鱼精子,冻精激活率>80%,运动时间均超过200s。     

Tourmaline ceramic balls stimulate growth and metabolism of three fermentation microorganisms

Effects of tourmaline ceramic balls on growth and metabolism of Saccharomyces cerevisiae, Lactobacillus acidophilus and Aspergillus oryzae were studied. Treatments with 3, 6, 9 or 12 g of tourmaline ceramic balls in a 50 ml culture showed significant stimulation of the growth of the three microorganisms. In optimal treatments with 12 g of tourmaline balls, the growth of S. cerevisiae, L. acidophilus, and A. oryzae was increased by 34, 32 and 10%, respectively. After 72 h fermentation of S. cerevisiae, total carbohydrate content in the culture medium was decreased by 65% and ethanol production was increased by 150%. Total carbohydrate content was decreased by 80% and the pH value was decreased by 0.3, as a result of organic acid production in the medium of L. acidophilus after 72 h fermentation. In the case of A. oryzae, enzyme activities of protease and amylase were increased by 90 and 31%, respectively, after 96 h fermentation. Results indicated that tourmaline stimulates initiation of growth in the early lag stage and increases production of metabolites at a later stage of fermentation. The strong stimulatory effect of tourmaline on growth, utilization of substrates and production of metabolites in the three microorganisms suggests a potential application in the fermentation industry.