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1.
The binding of kinetin to plant ribosomes   总被引:5,自引:2,他引:3  
The synthetic cytokinins kinetin and 6-benzylaminopurine exhibit equilibrium-type binding to purified chinese-cabbage leaf ribosomes. At 23mum and 4 degrees C one molecule of kinetin and 1.34 molecules of 6-benzylaminopurine are bound per ribosome. Adenine and adenine derivatives that are inactive as cytokinins showed much less affinity for ribosomes. Pretreatment of ribosomes with 0.5m-ammonium chloride or Triton X-100 did not decrease the extent of cytokinin binding. Binding appeared to be to the 83S ribosome species. A positive correlation between the extent of binding and the biological effect of various cytokinin analogues was demonstrated. These results are discussed in terms of cytokinin control of growth processes at the ribosomal level.  相似文献   

2.
The inhibition of kohlrabi chloroplast degeneration by kinetin   总被引:1,自引:1,他引:1  
Summary Detached kohlrabi leaves of late autumn material yellowed completely after 6 days in weak light. This process was accompanied by a decrease in chlorophyll, protein, and ribonucleic acid levels. In the chloroplasts, degeneration symptoms such as reduction in chloroplast volume, the decay of grana, development of the long thylakoid system, disappearance of chloroplast ribosomes, increase in the volume of plastoglobuli, and finally a complete breakdown of plastids in the digesting vacuoles, were observed. The ultrastructural changes in degenerating kohlrabi chloroplasts resembled those described earlier for brussels sprouts (Dennis et al. 1967), which suggests that the plastid degeneration model may be specific for speciesBrassica oleracea L.Kinetin inhibited the fall in the level of chlorophyll, proteins, and RNA in relation to the control material, and even stimulated chlorophyll and protein synthesis to a level higher than that of the initial material. Treatment with kinetin also markedly delayed the loss of chloroplast ribosomes. The most evident effect of the kinetin influence on the plastid ultrastructure was the stimulation of the formation and maintenance of grana. A possible mechanism for these processes in the light of the recent studies on the chloroplast membranes is discussed.  相似文献   

3.
Kinetin has generally been thought to be immobile in plants. This was confirmed in the case of laminar applications in this study, but not in regard to petiole, vein, or root applications. Radioactivity from kinetin-8-14C (Kn*) moved freely in the vascular system of several types of leaves. This movement was usually distal to the point of application and seemed to occur with the transpiration stream. Basipetal as well as acropetal translocation of radioactive kinetin was achieved in tobacco leaves. The translocated material was extracted from veinal tissue, shown to be radioactive, and to be able to retard senescence. Similar but less decisive results were obtained from agar blocks inserted into the vascular system of leaves receiving Kn* by petiole uptake.

A bioassay employing disks from primary bean leaves was developed for the qualitative determination of substances like kinetin which possess the ability to retard chlorophyll breakdown and plant senescence. The use of radioactive kinetin provided a refinement in this bioassay because treated non-senescent areas could be correlated with exposed areas on radioautographs made from dried leaf disks.

Root treatments showed that cotton seedlings did not take up Kn* but that similarly treated tobacco seedlings both absorbed and translocated the isotope readily.

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4.
The content of lead in greening etiolated barley leaves remained the same, regardless the time of incubation of excised leaves in the presence of lead ions (8–24 h). The lead deposits have not been detected within mesophyll cells, but were found in intercellular spaces of mesophyll, in guard cells and in cuticle covering stomata. This suggests that lead may be transported in the leavesvia transpiration stream. Lead reduced the content of chlorophyll, especially chlorophyllb content and the average number of grana, whereas in the presence of kinetin the content of chlorophyll increased. In the combined treatment (lead + kinetin) kinetin diminished the inhibitory effect of lead on the chlorophyll content. The number of chloroplasts in mesophyll cells remained unchanged after lead treatment, whereas kinetin alone or applied together with lead increased the average chloroplasts number. The thylakoids system in chloroplasts of kinetin and kinetin + lead treated plants was similar to that observed in control, although the grana number was smaller. Both lead and kinetin increased the content of condensed chromatin in nuclei.  相似文献   

5.
The influence of kinetin during the development of primary leaves of Sinapis alba was investigated. Kinetin treatment (6 ppm) induced an increase of dry weight, of soluble reducing sugars, soluble protein, chlorophylls, carotenoids and cytochrome f; a higher ratio of chlorophyll a to chlorophyll b, higher rates of CO2 fixation per fresh weight and higher activity of nitrite reductase, were also found. These effects are comparable with strong and blue light adaptations. On the other hand, the Hill activity with ferricyanide as the electron acceptor, the rates of CO2 fixation per chlorophyll, the ratios of chlorophyll to cytochrome f and of protein to chlorophyll did not change. Therefore we assume that the kinetin induced and the light induced adaptations are brought about by different causal reaction chains.
Zusammenfassung Es wurde die Wirkung von Kinetin auf die Entwicklung von Primarblattern von Senfpflanzen untersucht. Die Behandlung mit Kinetin (6 ppm) bewirkte eine Erhöhung des Trochengewichtes, der Gehalte an löslichen, reduzierend wirkenden Zuckern, an löslichem Protein, Chlorophyllen, Karotinoiden und Cytochrom f, sowie eine Erhöhung des Quotienten von Chlorophyll a zu Chlorophyll b, eine verstärkten Einbau von CO2 pro Frischgewicht und eine Erhöhung der Nitritreduktase-Aktivität. Diese Auswirkungen sind den durch Starklicht und Blaulicht hervorgerufenen Anpassungsreaktionen vergleichbar. Andererseits zeigten die Hill-Reaktion (gemessen als Reduktion von Ferricyanid), die CO2 Fixierung pro Chlorophyll, der Quotient von Chlorophyll zu Cytochrom f und der Quotient von Protein zu Chlorophyll keire Veränderungen. Dies weist darauf hin, daß die durch Kinetin und durch Licht hervorgerufenen Anpassungsreaktionen durch verschiedene Kausalketten bedingt werden.
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6.
Soybean callus metabolised applied 6-furfurylamino (8-14C) purine very rapidly to polar compounds, some of which were retained on a Dowex 50 cation exchange resin, and were unaffected by alkaline phosphatase; while others were apparently phosphorylated and were detected in the aqueous fraction. Adenine was detected as an intermediate and it can be concluded that it was formed as a result of the rapid and efficient removal of the furfuryl side chain. The formed adenine was rapidly incorporated into the polar metabolites. Exactly how the presence of this cytokinin stimulates cell division is not apparent from the results.The financial support of the C.S.I.R., Pretoria, and The Natal University Development Fund is gratefully acknowledged.  相似文献   

7.
L. D. Incoll  G. C. Whitelam 《Planta》1977,137(3):243-245
Transpiration from excised leaves of Anthephra pubescens Nees was enhanced by 1 and 10 mmol m-3 kinetin. Stomatal opening in isolated epidermal strips of A. pubescens under CO2-free air and in the absence of K+ was enhanced by 10 mmol m-3 kinetin.Abbreviations ABA abscisic acid  相似文献   

8.
ObjectiveThe aim of the study was to investigate the influence of age and/or obesity on postural control, ankle muscle activities during balance testing and force production capacities.Materials and methods4 groups; control group (CG; n = 25; age = 31.8 ± 7.5 years; BMI = 21.4 ± 2.5 kg/m2), obese group (OG; n = 25; age = 34.4 ± 9.5 years; BMI = 39.6 ± 5.4 kg/m2), elderly group (EG; n = 15; age = 77.1 ± 8.4 years; BMI = 24.4 ± 1.3 kg/m2) and obese elderly group (ObEG; n = 12; age = 78.6 ± 6.6 years; BMI = 34.5 ± 3.1 kg/m2) performed maximal voluntary contraction (MVC) before testing to calculate the maximal relative force of ankle plantar flexor (PF) and dorsal flexor (DF) muscles. Center of pressure (CoP) parameters and the electromyography (EMG) activity of PF and DF muscles were collected during MVC, quiet standing and limit of stability (LoS) testing along antero-posterior and medio-lateral axes.ResultsMaximal relative force was higher in EG and ObEG than CG and OG, respectively (p < 0.001). CoP parameters, distance traveled along the antero-posterior axis and EMG activity of PF were higher in OG, EG and ObEG compared to CG (p < 0.001) and in EG compared to ObEG (p < 0.05).The EMG activity of PF was positively correlated with CoP parameters in OG and ObEG (r > 0.6; p < 0.05). Maximal relative force of PF (r > −0.6; p < 0.05) was negatively correlated with CoP parameters in ObEG and EG.ConclusionObesity-related postural control alteration is associated with increased activity of PF. This neuromuscular adaptation may reflect deteriorations of the proprioceptive system and is likely additional to age-related muscular impairments. This may be a mechanism by which obesity increases postural control alterations in elderly.  相似文献   

9.
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11.
Action of kinetin on cotyledons of fenugreek   总被引:2,自引:1,他引:2       下载免费PDF全文
Isolated cotyledons of fenugreek (Trigonella foenum graecum L.), which respond rapidly and specifically to the application of cytokinins with stimulated expansion, have been used to study the primary action of kinetin. Gross chemical analysis showed that ribonucleic acid increased within 24 hours in response to kinetin application. 8-Azaguanine inhibited both kinetin-induced expansion and RNA synthesis; 5-fluorodeoxyuridine inhibited only the RNA synthesis.  相似文献   

12.
13.
Application of kinetin to four interspecific crosses in Brassica, either singly or in combination with NAA, resulted in larger length and retention time of ovaries, increased frequency of ovules with embryos and aided embryo development.  相似文献   

14.
Kinetin has a significant synergistic effect on IAA-inducedehtylene production in hypocotyl sections of eitolated mungbean(Phaseolus mungo L.) seedlings when it is administered immediatelyafter cutting. If the addition of kinetin was delayed, it becameless effective. Kinetin-pretreated sections followed by incubationeither in IAA or in IAA plus kinetin produced ehtylene essentiallyat an identical rate to the one treated with IAA plus kinetinat zero time. However, the buffer-preincubated sections followedby incubation in IAA or in IAA plus kinetin shows a much reducedrate of ehtylene production as compared with the one treatedwith IAA or with IAA plus kinetin at zero time, respectively.These results suggest that kinetin is required for the maximalstimulation of ethylene production only during the early incubationperiod while IAA is required continuously throughout the incubation;the removal of IAA from the IAA-treated tissues causes an immediatecessation of ethylene production. 1Present address: Mann Laboratory, Department of Vegetable Crops,University of California, Davis, California 95616, U.S.A. (Received May 10, 1973; )  相似文献   

15.
Pomocí stimulace r?stu postranních pupen? etiolovaných ?ízk? hrachu kinetinem bylo zji?těno, ?e biologický ú?inek kinetinu není omezen pouze na místo jeho aplikace, ale ?e se m??e projevit i v jiných ?ástech ?ízk?. Tento jev si autor vysvětluje transportem kinetinu.  相似文献   

16.
Polar transport of kinetin-8-14C occurred in segments of petioles, hypocotyls, and roots of radish (Raphanus sativus L.). The polarity was basipetal in petioles and hypocotyls and acropetal in roots. In segments excised from seedlings with fully expanded cotyledons, indole-3-acetic acid was required for polarity to develop. In hypocotyl segments isolated at this stage, basipetal and acropetal movements were equal during the first 12 hours of auxin treatment after which time acropetal movement declined. Pretreatment with auxin eliminated this delay in the appearance of polarity. In hypocotyl segments excised from seedlings with expanding cotyledons, exogenous auxin was unnecessary for polarity. Potassium cyanide abolished polarity at both stages of growth by allowing increased acropetal movement. The rate of accumulation of kinetin in receiver blocks was greater than the in vivo increase in cytokinin content of developing radish roots.  相似文献   

17.
18.
Characterization of a Haemophilus ducreyi mobilizing plasmid.   总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2       下载免费PDF全文
The OriV site of Haemophilus ducreyi mobilizing plasmid pHD147, determined by replication in Escherichia coli polA, is located close to the OriT site. The OriT site, located by recombination-proficient and -deficient cells, and the OriV site map in a region of pHD147 homologous to the beta-lactamase-specifying plasmids of H. ducreyi and Neisseria gonorrhoeae.  相似文献   

19.
20.
Nicotinic acid adenine dinucleotide phosphate (NAADP) mobilizes Ca2+ through a mechanism totally independent of cyclic ADP-ribose or inositol trisphosphate. Fluorescent analogs of NAADP were synthesized in this study to facilitate further characterization of this novel Ca2+ release mechanism. The base-exchange reaction catalyzed by ADP-ribosyl cyclase was utilized to convert nicotinamide 1,N6-ethenoadenine dinucleotide phosphate to a fluorescent product, nicotinic acid 1,N6-ethenoadenine dinucleotide phosphate (etheno-NAADP). The excitation spectrum of the product showed two maxima at 275 nm and 300 nm and an emission maximum at 410 nm. An aza derivative of etheno-NAADP was also synthesized by sequential treatments with NaOH and nitrite. The product, nicotinic acid 1,N6-etheno-2-aza-adenine dinucleotide phosphate (etheno-aza-NAADP) had excitation maxima at 280 nm and 360 nm and an emission maximum at 470 nm. The fluorescence of both analogs was sensitive to polarity and exhibited a 3–4-fold enhancement going from an aqueous buffer to an organic solvent. Proton-NMR measurements confirmed the presence of the etheno ring in both analogs. In the aza derivative the proton at the 2-position of the adenine ring was absent, consistent with the conversion of the 2-carbon to a nitrogen. Both analogs could activate Ca2+ release from sea urchin egg homogenates and the half-maximal concentrations for etheno-aza-NAADP and etheno-NAADP were at about 2.5 μM and 5 μM, respectively. At sub-threshold concentrations, both analogs could also function as antagonists, inactivating the NAADP-sensitive Ca2+ release with a half-maximal concentration of 60–80 nM. Microinjection of etheno-aza-NAADP into live eggs activated Ca2+ increase and triggered a cortical exocytotic reaction confirming its effectiveness in vivo. These fluorescent analogs are potentially useful for visualizing the novel Ca2+ stores that are sensitive to NAADP in live cells.  相似文献   

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