蝎毒耐热蛋白对大鼠海马神经元钠通道的抑制作用

应用全细胞膜片钳技术观察蝎毒耐热蛋白（scorpion venom heat resistant protein,SVHRP）对急性分离大鼠海马神经元电压依赖性钠通道的影响。结果表明,急性分离大鼠海马神经元产生的河豚毒素（tetrodotoxin,TTX）敏感的电压依赖性钠电流被SVHRP浓度依赖性地抑制,半数抑制浓度为（0．0034±0．0004）μg／mL,Hill常数为0．4361±0．0318;SVHRP可使钠通道稳态激活曲线向电压的正方向移动,正常TTX敏感的钠通道的半数激活电压（V1/2）为（-34．38±0．62）mV（n=16）,给予0．1μg／mL的SVHRP后V1/2为（-23．96±0．41）mV（n=8,P〈0．05）,斜坡因子（κ）由正常的4．52±0．52变为3．73±0．08（n=8,P〈0．05）。SVHRP亦能改变电压依赖性钠通道的稳态失活曲线,使其向电位的负方向移动,SVHRP处理前钠通道半数失活电压（V1/2）为（-32．60±1．52）mV,κ为6．73±0．51（n=16）;0．1μg／mL的SVHRP处理后V1/2变为（-50．69±2．55）mV（n=8,P〈0．01）,κ为5．49±0．72（n=8,P〈0．05）。结果提示,SVHRP能抑制电压依赖性钠电流,改变钠通道的动力学特性,抑制其激活,促进其失活,从而影响神经元的兴奋性,这可能是其抗癫痫的机制之一。     

木黄酮对小鼠胰岛β细胞电压依赖性钙通道表达和电流的影响

目的:研究长期抑制酪氨酸激酶活性对胰岛β细胞中电压依赖性钙通道的影响,探讨酪氨酸激酶在胰岛β细胞中的作用.方法:原代培养小鼠胰岛和胰岛β细胞,经0.1 mmol/L酪氨酸激酶抑制剂木黄酮处理12 h后,运用全细胞电流记录的方法观察电压依赖性钙电流以及动作电位的改变,RT-PCR方法观察电压依赖性钙通道α1亚单位的表达改变.结果:木黄酮处理12 h后,小鼠胰岛β细胞的电压依赖性钙电流明显减小(13.83±1.515pA/pFvs 7.012±1.502 pA/pF,P＜0.01,n=6),动作电位幅度明显减弱(38.50±7.46 mV vs 15.95±4.39 mV,P＜0.01,n=6).木黄酮处理12 h后,小鼠胰岛中电压依赖性钙通道的α1亚单位的表达明显减少,降低为对照组的0.792±0.078(P＜0.01,n=5).结论:木黄酮处理可以抑制小鼠胰岛β细胞中电压依赖性钙通道的表达和电流,提示长期抑制酪氨酸激酶活性在胰岛β细胞功能损害中具有重要作用.     

弱激光对大鼠海马神经元钠通道特性的影响

利用波长670nm、功率5mW的半导体激光器照射急性分离的大鼠海马CA3区锥体神经元,应用全细胞膜片钳技术研究其电压门控Na 通道的特性.实验发现:弱激光作用5min时,Na 通道激活电位和峰值电位开始向负电位方向移动,7min激光作用达稳定;激光照射对Na 通道电流峰值无影响,对照组和激光照射组峰值电流密度分别为(-383.51±26.93)pA/pF和(-368.36±33.14)pA/pF(n=8,P>0.05);激光作用降低了Na 通道的激活阈值电位和峰值电位,对照组通道电流在-40mV激活,-30mV达峰值,激光照射组通道电流在-60mV激活,-40mV达峰值;激光照射改变了Na 通道半数激活电压和斜率因子,对照组和激光照射组的半数激活电压分别为(-42.091±1.537)mV和(-54.971±1.846)mV(n=8,P<0.01),斜率因子分别为(1.529±0.667)mV和(2.634±0.519)mV(n=8,P<0.05).结果表明,弱激光照射海马神经元可改变Na 通道的激活特性,从而影响动作电位的去激化过程,进而会引起神经元细胞生理功能发生变化.     

血小板活化因子对豚鼠心室肌细胞动作电位和钾通道的影响

应用全细胞膜片钳技术研究了血小板活化因子(platelet activatingfactor,PAF)对豚鼠心室肌细胞动作电位和钾电流的影响.结果发现,当电极内液ATP浓度为5 mmol/L(模拟正常条件)时,1 μmol/L PAF使APD90由对照的225.8±23.3 ms延长至352.8±29.8ms(n=5,P＜0.05);使IK尾电流在指令电压 30 mV由对照的173.5±16.7 pA降至152.1±11.5 pA(P＜0.05,n=4);使Ikl在指令电压为-120 mV时由对照组的-6.1±1.3 nA降至-5.6±1.1 nA(P＜0.05,n=5);但PAF在生理膜电位范围(-90mV～ 20mV)对IK1没有影响.当电极内液ATP浓度为0mmol/L时,IK·ATP开放(模拟缺血条件),1 μmol/LPAF却显著缩短APD90,由对照的153±24.6 ms缩短至88.2±19.4 ms(n=5,P＜0.01).而用1 μmol/L格列本脲(IK·ATP的特异阻断剂)预处理后,恢复了PAF可显著延长动作电位时程的作用.结果提示,PAF可能扩大缺血心肌和正常心肌细胞动作电位时程的不均一性,是缺血/再灌注性心律失常发生的重要原因.     

肾上腺髓质素对大鼠延髓头端腹外侧区压力反射敏感神经元的作用

采用多管微电泳结合细胞外记录的方法研究了肾上腺髓质素(adrenomedullin,ADM)对大鼠延髓头端腹外侧区(rostral ventrolateral medulla,rVLM)压力反射敏感性神经元电活动的作用及其可能机制.结果显示在29个rVLM压力反射敏感神经元中,20个神经元在30、60和90 nA的电流微电泳大鼠ADM(rADM)过程中,放电频率由(10.8±2.7)spikes/s分别增加到(14.6±3.6)、(19.8±4.7)和(31.9±6.4)spikes/s(P＜0.05,n=20).微电泳rADM特异性受体阻断剂人ADM(human ADM,hADM)(22-52)可明显减小神经元放电频率的增加幅度,比正常放电频率仅增加15.4%[(11.4±2.5)sipkes/s,P＜0.05,n=10],而降钙素基因相关肽1(CGRP1)受体阻断剂hCGRP(8-37)对rADM兴奋性神经元电活动影响较小.在另外23个神经元中,10个神经元的放电频率在10、20和40 nA电流微电泳神经型NOS(nNOS)抑制剂7-NiNa过程中放电减少,由正常的(10.1±3.5)spikes/s分别减少为(7.5±2.5)、(5.3±2.1)和(3.1±1.4)spikes/s(P＜0.05,n=10).在微电泳7-NiNa过程中同时微电泳rADM,则rADM增加神经元放电频率的效应减弱,增加幅度为基础水平的17%[(6.2±1.9)spikes/s].8个神经元在10、20和40 nA电流微电泳诱导型NOS抑制剂(iNOS)aminoguanidine(AG)过程中放电频率由(11.5±5.1)spikes/s增加到(17.8±5.6)、(22.5±6.3)和(29.1±6.4)spikes/s(P＜0.05,n=8),rADM与AG同时微电泳时,AG对rADM本身增加神经元放电的效应无明显影响.上述结果提示,rADM在rVLM可通过其特异性受体或来源于nNOS的NO作用于压力反射敏感神经元,使其活动增强而发挥调节心血管活动的作用.     

锂对铅引起的大鼠海马CA1区长时程增强效应（LTP）损伤的修复作用

应用离体脑片记录技术,记录大鼠海马CA1区的兴奋性突触后电位(EPSPs),研究了锂对铅引起的大鼠海马CA1区长时程增强效应(long-termpotentiation,LTP)损伤的修复作用。结果表明:对照组大鼠海马CA1区LTP幅度为194.42±14.05%(n=10);铅处理组LTP的幅度为147.06±9.55%(n=13);而锂加铅处理组LTP的幅度为193.45±14.91%(n=15)。与对照组相比,铅处理组LTP的幅度降低了47.36%,而锂几乎完全修复了铅对大鼠海马CA1区LTP幅度的损伤。锂和铅处理后对大鼠海马CA1区的双脉冲易化(paired-pulsefacilica-tion,PPF)都有一定的抑制作用,在脉冲间隔为50ms时,这种抑制效应最大:对照组为155.58±6.35%(n=7);铅暴露组为150.26±13.74%(n=8);锂加铅处理组为140.59±15.42%(n=8)。结果表明:锂对铅引起大鼠海马CA1区LTP的损伤有一定的修复作用。     

一氧化氮增加常氧和缺氧豚鼠心室肌细胞持续性钠电流

运用全细胞膜片钳记录缺氧条件下豚鼠心室肌持续性钠电流(INa.P)的变化及施加药物对其的影响,以探讨 INa.P 的本质及缺氧增大 INa.P 的机制。结果显示:(1)在常氧条件下,一氧化氮(NO)前体 L- 精氨酸(L-Arg)和供体硝普钠(SNP)浓度依赖性地增大INa.P; (2)INa.P 随缺氧时间延长而增大, 缺氧15 min 后施加 NO 合酶(NOS)抑制剂L- 硝基精氨酸甲酯(L-NAME), 不能使增大的INa.P 明显回复[(1.344 ±0.320) vs (1.301 ±0.317) pA/pF, P>0.05, n=5]; (3)缺氧时含L-NAME 的灌流液可使INa.P 明显减小,与单纯缺氧相比有显著差异[(0.914 ± 0.263), n=5 vs (1.344 ± 0.320) pA/pF, n=6, P<0.05], 但仍比常氧条件下增大[(0.914 ±0.263) vs (0.497 ±0.149) pA/pF, P<0.05, n=5]; (4)还原剂1,4-二硫代苏糖醇(DTT)不但可使L-Arg 及缺氧后施加SNP 增大的 INa.P 回复[(1.449 ± 0.522) vs (0.414 ± 0.067) pA/pF, P<0.01, n = 6 和(0.436 ± 0.141) vs (1.786 ± 0.636) pA/pF,P<0.01, n=5],而且使正常的 INa.P 减小[(0.396 ± 0.057) pA/pF vs (0.442 ± 0.056) pA/pF, P<0.01, n=6]。本实验结果表明缺氧可增大心室肌细胞的INa.P, 其作用机制可能是缺氧时心肌产生的NO 通过氧化细胞膜上钠通道蛋白所致,正常INa.P 的产生     

β-淀粉肽(1-40)对海马神经元高电压激活钙电流的作用及银杏内酯B对该作用的影响

应用全细胞膜片钳技术探讨β-淀粉肽(1-40)(β-amyloid peptide1-40,Aβ1-40)对新鲜分离的大鼠海马CA1区锥体神经元高电压依赖性钙通道电流(high voltage-activated calcium channel current,IHVA)的作用并观察银杏内酯B(ginkgolideB,GB)对该作用的影响.利用细胞外灌流或者电极内液给药的方法,比较加药前后电流幅度的变化以判断药物是否发挥作用.细胞外给予老化处理的Aβ1-40可以浓度依赖性地增强IHVA的幅度,Aβ1-40的浓度为0.01～30 μmol/L时可分别使IHVA幅度增加(5.43±3.01)%(n=8,P＞0.05)、(10.49±4.13)%(n=11,P＞0.05)、(40.69±8.01)%(n=16,P＜0.01)、(58.32±4.85)%(n=12,P＜0.01)和(75.45±5.81)%(n=6,P＜0.01);新鲜配制的Aβ1-40对IHVA几乎没有影响(n=5,P＞0.05).L-型钙通道阻断剂nifedipine可以抵消Aβ1-40对IHVA的增强作用.Aβ1-40(1.0μmol/L)对IHVA的增强作用可以被cAMP的类似物8-Br-cAMP和腺苷酸环化酶(adenylyl cyclase,AC)的激动剂forskolin增强[分别为(66.19±5.74)%,P＜0.05和(73.21±6.90)%,P＜0.05],被蛋白激酶A(protein kinaseA,PKA)的抑制剂H-89减弱[(20.08±2.18)%,P＜0.05].GB可有效地减弱Aβ1-40对IHVA的增强作用.以上结果表明Aβ1-40可通过AC-cAMP-PKA增强IHVA引起胞内钙超载,这可能是其产生神经毒性作用的机制之一.GB可通过抑制Aβ1-40引起的异常钙离子内流对神经元起一定保护作用.     

大鼠背根节神经元后超极化中Ca^2＋激活K^＋电流的蜂毒明肽敏感成分 …

为了明确大鼠背根节(DRG)神经元中存在慢的Ca2+激活K+电流成分,本实验在新鲜分散的DRG神经元胞体上,采用全细胞电压箝技术,给予DRG神经元一定强度的去极化刺激,记录刺激结束后30 ms时的尾电流幅度.结果发现:(1)随着去极化时间从1 ms延长至180 ms时,尾电流幅度由9.3±2.8 pA逐渐增大至64.1±3.4 pA(P＜0.001);(2)当去极化结束后的复极化电位降低时,尾电流幅度先逐渐下降到零,然后改变方向,逆转电位约为-63 mV;(3)细胞外施加500μmol/L Cd2+或细胞内液中施加11 mmol/L EGYA时尾电流明显减小甚至完全消失;(4)尾电流中慢成分的幅度在细胞外给与200 nmol/L蜂毒明肽后,减小了约26.32±3.9%(P＜0.01);(5)细胞外施加10 mmol/L TEA,可明显降低尾电流中的快成分.结果提示,在DRG神经元后超极化中存在Ca2+激活K+电流的蜂毒明肽敏感成分--ⅠAiHP.     

蝎毒耐热蛋白对红藻氨酸诱导的海马NPY能神经元损伤的影响

目的:观察蝎毒耐热蛋白(SVHRP)对红藻氨酸(KA)诱导的原代培养海马神经肽Y(NPY)能神经元损伤的影响及其可能的分子机制。方法:制备原代培养10d的大鼠海马神经元并用神经元特异性MAP-2抗体进行鉴定,将鉴定成熟的神经元用终浓度为20μg/ml的SVHRP和10μmol/L的KA处理,共孵育24h后,分别用硫堇染色、MTT实验检测不同给药组残存神经元的数目和活力,用免疫细胞化学和RT-PCR技术检测NPY-IR和NPYmRNA的表达。结果:MAP-2-IR结果显示85%以上为阳性成熟神经元;硫堇染色显示,同模型组比较,模型给药组未见神经元形态异常,并且神经元数目未见明显减少(P<0.05);MTT实验显示,模型给药组海马神经元存活率较模型组明显增高(P<0.05);NPY-IR检测表明,模型组NPY阳性细神经元数目明显减少,模型给药组NPY阳性神经元数目明显多于模型组(P<0.01);RT-PCR实验表明,单独给药组海马神经元内NPYmRNA表达较其他三组明显增多(P<0.05)。结论:SVHRP对KA诱导的原代海马神经元的兴奋毒性损伤具有明显的保护作用,可能与SVHRP促进NPY合成有关。     

Decreased neuronal excitability in hippocampal neurons of mice exposed to cyclic hypoxia.

To study the physiological effects of chronic intermittent hypoxia on neuronal excitability and function in mice, we exposed animals to cyclic hypoxia for 8 h daily (12 cycles/h) for approximately 4 wk, starting at 2-3 days of age, and examined the properties of freshly dissociated hippocampal neurons in vitro. Compared with control (Con) hippocampal CA1 neurons, exposed (Cyc) neurons showed action potentials (AP) with a smaller amplitude and a longer duration and a more depolarized resting membrane potential. They also have a lower rate of spontaneous firing of AP and a higher rheobase. Furthermore, there was downregulation of the Na(+) current density in Cyc compared with Con neurons (356.09 +/- 54.03 pA/pF in Cyc neurons vs. 508.48 +/- 67.30 pA/pF in Con, P < 0.04). Na(+) channel characteristics, including activation, steady-state inactivation, and recovery from inactivation, were similar in both groups. The deactivation rate, however, was much larger in Cyc than in Con (at -100 mV, time constant for deactivation = 0.37 +/- 0.04 ms in Cyc neurons and 0.18 +/- 0.01 ms in Con neurons). We conclude that the decreased neuronal excitability in mice neurons treated with cyclic hypoxia is due, at least in part, to differences in passive properties (e.g., resting membrane potential) and in Na(+) channel expression and/or regulation. We hypothesize that this decreased excitability is an adaptive response that attempts to decrease the energy expenditure that is used for adjusting disturbances in ionic homeostasis in low-O(2) conditions.     

Cav1.2 calcium channels modulate the spiking pattern of hippocampal pyramidal cells

Ca(v)1.2 L-type calcium channels support hippocampal synaptic plasticity, likely by facilitating dendritic Ca2+ influx evoked by action potentials (AP) back-propagated from the soma. Ca2+ influx into hippocampal neurons during somatic APs is sufficient to activate signalling pathways associated with late phase LTP. Thus, mechanisms controlling AP firing of hippocampal neurons are of major functional relevance. We examined the excitability of CA1 pyramidal cells using somatic current-clamp recordings in brain slices from control type mice and mice with the Ca(v)1.2 gene inactivated in principal hippocampal neurons. Lack of the Ca(v)1.2 protein did not affect either affect basic characteristics, such as resting membrane potential and input resistance, or parameters of single action potentials (AP) induced by 5 ms depolarising current pulses. However, CA1 hippocampal neurons from control and mutant mice differed in their patterns of AP firing during 500 ms depolarising current pulses: threshold voltage for repetitive firing was shifted significantly by about 5 mV to more depolarised potentials in the mutant mice (p<0.01), and the latency until firing of the first AP was prolonged (73.2+/-6.6 ms versus 48.1+/- 7.8 ms in control; p<0.05). CA1 pyramidal cells from the mutant mice also showed a lowered initial spiking frequency within an AP train. In control cells, isradipine had matching effects, while BayK 8644 facilitated spiking. Our data demonstrate that Ca(v)1.2 channels are involved in regulating the intrinsic excitability of CA1 pyramidal neurons. This cellular mechanism may contribute to the known function of Ca(v)1.2 channels in supporting synaptic plasticity and memory.     

Opioid-induced hypernociception is associated with hyperexcitability and altered tetrodotoxin-resistant Na+ channel function of dorsal root ganglia

Opiates are potent analgesics for moderate to severe pain. Paradoxically, patients under chronic opiates have reported hypernociception, the mechanisms of which are unknown. Using standard patch-clamp technique, we examined the excitability, biophysical properties of tetrodotoxin-resistant (TTX-R) Na(+) and transient receptor potential vanilloid 1 (TRPV1) channels of dorsal root ganglia neurons (DRG) (L(5)-S(1)) from mice pelleted with morphine (75 mg) or placebo (7 days). Hypernociception was confirmed by acetic acid-writhing test following 7-day morphine. Chronic morphine enhanced the neuronal excitability, since the rheobase for action potential (AP) firing was significantly (P < 0.01) lower (38 ± 7 vs. 100 ± 15 pA) while the number of APs at 2× rheobase was higher (4.4 ± 0.8 vs. 2 ± 0.5) than placebo (n = 13-20). The potential of half-maximum activation (V(1/2)) of TTX-R Na(+) currents was shifted to more hyperpolarized potential in the chronic morphine group (-37 ± 1 mV) vs. placebo (-28 ± 1 mV) without altering the V(1/2) of inactivation (-41 ± 1 vs. -33 ± 1 mV) (n = 8-11). Recovery rate from inactivation of TTX-R Na(+) channels or the mRNA level of any Na(+) channel subtypes did not change after chronic morphine. Also, chronic morphine significantly (P < 0.05) enhanced the magnitude of TRPV1 currents (-64 ± 11 pA/pF) vs. placebo (-18 ± 6 pA/pF). The increased excitability of sensory neurons by chronic morphine may be due to the shift in the voltage threshold of activation of TTX-R Na(+) currents. Enhanced TRPV1 currents may have a complementary effect, with TTX-R Na(+) currents on opiate-induced hyperexcitability of sensory neurons causing hypernociception. In conclusion, chronic morphine-induced hypernociception is associated with hyperexcitability and functional remodeling of TTX-R Na(+) and TRPV1 channels of sensory neurons.     

Electrical properties of neurons recorded from the rat supraoptic nucleus in vitro

The electrical properties of neurons in the supraoptic nucleus (so.n.) have been studied in the hypothalamic slice preparation by intracellular and extracellular recording techniques, with Lucifer Yellow CH dye injection to mark the recording site as being the so.n. Intracellular recordings from so.n. neurons revealed them to have an average membrane potential of -67 +/- 0.8 mV (mean +/- s.e.m.), membrane resistance of 145 +/- 9 M omega with linear current-voltage relations from 40 mV in the hyperpolarizing direction to the level of spike threshold in the depolarizing direction. Average cell time constant was 14 +/- 2.2 ms. So.n. action potentials ranged in amplitude from 55 to 95 mV, with a mean of 76 +/- 2 mV, and a spike width of 2.6 +/- 0.5 ms at 30% of maximal spike height. Both single spikes and trains of spikes were followed by a strong, long-lasting hyperpolarization with a decay fitted by a single exponential having a time constant of 8.6 +/- 1.8 ms. Action potentials could be blocked by 10(-6) M tetrodotoxin. Spontaneously active so.n. neurons were characterized by synaptic input in the form of excitatory and inhibitory postsynaptic potentials, the latter being apparently blocked when 4 M KCl electrodes were used. Both forms of synaptic activity were blocked by application of divalent cations such as Mg2+, Mn2+ or Co2+. 74% of so.n. neurons fired spontaneously at rates exceeding 0.1 spikes per second, with a mean for all cells of 2.9 +/- 0.2 s-1. Of these cells, 21% fired slowly and continuously at 0.1 - 1.0 s-1, 45% fired continuously at greater than 1 Hz, and the remaining 34% fired phasically in bursts of activity followed by silence or low frequency firing. Spontaneously firing phasic cells showed a mean burst length of 16.7 +/- 4.5 s and a silent period of 28.2 +/- 4.2 s. Intracellular recordings revealed the presence of slow variations in membrane potential which modified the neuron's proximity to spike threshold, and controlled phasic firing. Variations in synaptic input were not observed to influence firing in phasic cells.     

Effect of Valproate,Lamotrigine and Levetiracetam on Excitability and Firing Properties of CA1 Neurons in Rat Brain Slices

The purpose of this study was to analyze the rapid effects of the antiepileptic drugs valproate, lamotrigine, and levetiracetam on excitability and firing properties of hippocampal neurons. The drug effects on resting potential, action potential, and repetitive firing properties were studied in whole-cell current-clamp recordings of CA1 neurons in rat brain slices. Lamotrigine changed action potential rising slope by −24 ± 38 V/s (mean ± SD), peak amplitude by −6.8 ± 5.0 mV, and maximum firing frequency by −60 ± 13%. Lamotrigine thereto increased the voltage threshold by 4.3 ± 4.2 mV and augmented the action potential attenuation during repetitive firing. All effects were significant (P < 0.01 to P < 0.0002) compared to control cells. Valproate and levetiracetam showed no significant effects on these parameters. None of the tested drugs had a significant effect on the resting potential. The lamotrigine effects are consistent with sodium channel blocking which may explain or contribute to the antiepileptic mode of action. Valproate and levetiracetam did not show these effects and the mechanism of their antiepileptic action need to be different. These findings (valproate) differ in some respects from findings reported in cultured or dissociated neurons. In a slice where the neurons have largely preserved connections, drug effects are likely to be more similar to the therapeutic action in the brain.     

肾上腺素能受体阻断剂预防慢性压力超负荷左心室的电重构

研究长期使用肾上腺素能受体阻断剂治疗对慢性压力超负荷左心室电重构的影响。新西兰兔通过肾上腹主动脉次全结扎诱发慢性压力超负荷,10周后行心脏超声检查,并采用全细胞膜片钳技术分别记录腹主动脉结扎组(简称结扎组)、腹主动脉结扎 Carvedilol 干预组(简称Carvedilol组)及正常对照组(简称对照组)动物左室肌中层细胞的动作电位(action potential,AP)、内向整流钾电流(inward rectifier potassium current,IKi)、延迟整流钾电流(delayed rectifier potassium current,IK)及Na /Ca2 交换体电流。结果表明,结扎组的左室质量指数较对照组明显升高,Carvedilol组较结扎组明显降低(P<0.01)。在2 s的基础周长下,动作电位持续时间(以90％的复极时间表示,简称APD90)在对照组、结扎组及Carvedilol组分别为522.0±19.5 ms(n=6)、664.7± 46.2 ms(n=7)、567.8±14.3 ms(n=8),结扎组同对照组相比,P<0.01,Carvedilol组同结扎组相比,P<0.05。在测试电位为-100mV时,IKi电流密度(pA/pF)在对照组、结扎组及Carvedilol组分别为-11.8±0.50(n=8),-8.07±0.28 (n=8),-10.69±0.35(n=8),结扎组与对照组及Carvedilol组相比,P<0.01。在测试电位为 50 mV时,IK尾电流密度(pA/pF)在对照组、结扎组及Carvedilol组分别为0.59±0.40(n=     

Adrenomedullin influences dissociated rat area postrema neurons

The area postrema (AP) is one of a specialized group of central nervous system (CNS) structures devoid of a significant blood-brain barrier (BBB), collectively known as the circumventricular organs (CVO). While peptides are normally excluded from access to most regions of the CNS, the AP contains neurons with a high density of receptors for many circulating peptides, very likely including those for adrenomedullin (AM). In this study, whole-cell patch-clamp recordings were obtained from 114 dissociated rat AP neurons. The mean resting membrane potential (RMP) of these neurons (n=79) was -54.3+/-0.8 mV, the mean input resistance (IR) was 3.1+/-0.2 GOmega and the spike amplitude of neurons included in this study was always greater than 90 mV. Current-clamp studies showed that bath application of AM depolarized 39.2% (31 of 79) and hyperpolarized 45.6% (36 of 79) of neurons tested. Both effects were found to be concentration dependent from 10(-12) to 10(-7) M. These data support the idea that specific populations of CNS neurons within the AP are directly influenced by AM and support the concept that AM may act at AP to influence central autonomic control. We also examined the roles of specific ion channels in regulating the AM-induced excitability of AP neurons through voltage-clamp studies. These experiments suggest potential actions of AM in modulating voltage gated calcium channels, effects which have the additional consequence of inhibiting calcium activated potassium conductances (I(K(Ca))). These data demonstrate direct effects of AM on dissociated AP neurons and identify ion channels, the modulation of which, may underlie these effects.     

乙酰胆碱对蟾蜍背根神经节神经元膜电位的影响及离子机制

在离体灌流的蟾蜍背根神经节(DRG)标本上,用微电极进行胞内记录。在73个神经元中,依神经纤维的传导速度将神经元分为 A 型及 C 型,其中 A 型细胞67个,C 型6个,静息膜电位为-67.5±1.3mV((?)±SE)。当加4×10~(-4)—6×10~(-4)mol/L 乙酰胆碱(ACh),可观察到如下四种膜电位变化:1.超极化:幅值9.1±3.0mV((?)±SE,n=23);(2)去极化:幅值12.9±2.2mV((?)+SE,n=20);(3)双相反应(n=24):先超极化,后去极化,超极化幅值8.0±2.4mV((?)+SE),去极化幅值10.9±3.1mV((?)±SE);(4)无反应(n=6)。用阿托品(1.3×10~(-5)mol/L,n=23),或同时应用筒箭毒与六甲双铵(浓度均为1.4×10~(-5)mol/L,n=8)灌流,能分别阻断 ACh 引起的膜的超极化或去极化。ACh 引起超极化反应时膜电导平均增加13.8%,翻转电位值大约-96mV。四乙铵(TEA,20mmol/L)能使 ACh 的去极化幅值增加48.2±3.2%((?)±SE,n=6),超极化幅值减小79.4±4.3%((?)±SE,n=8)。MnCl_2(4mmol/L)使 ACh 的去极化及超极化幅值分别减小54.2±7.2%((?)±SE,n=5)及69.2±6.4%((?)±SE,n=14)。以上结果提示:ACh 引起的 DRG 神经细胞膜去极化反应由 N 型乙酰胆碱受体介导,而超极化反应由 Μ 型乙酰胆碱受体介导,前者可能包含了多种离子电导的改变,后者则可能与钾电导增加有关。