凝胶成像系统对核酸扩增产物的定量检测

目的 建立一种PCR-凝胶成像系统定量分析核酸扩增产物的方法．方法：1．用PCR荧光定量分析仪实时监测PCR扩增曲线,并选择合适的扩增循环次数,2．将梯度标准血清(10^1～10^6拷贝／u1)分别进行40,35及32次循环次数的扩增,在琼脂糖电泳,EB染色后,进行凝胶分析;3．选择凝胶分析软件中能客观反映核酸实际含量的最适参数,制定标准曲线。结果:40及35次循环时,在10^1～10^4拷贝／ul,线性良好,而在10^4,10^5及10^6拷贝／ul三个梯度时直线上升缓慢,趋于平坦;32次循环时,10拷贝／ul未能检出,10^2～10^6拷贝／ul的5个梯度的模板(对数值)与产物(体积)有良好的线性关系(r=0．97)。结论：32次循环线性范围较广,为最适循环次数;在UVIband的光密度定量分析指标中,以体积或体积百分比作为定量指标较好;本法除可用于常规PCR产物定量(HBV-DNA,TB—DNA),也适用于RT-PCR(HCV-RNA)。     

核酸定量检测试验应用于HIV-1感染实验室诊断的探讨

目的:探讨核酸定量检测在HIV-1感染实验室诊断中的应用。方法:选取145例第四代抗原/抗体联合诊断筛查试验为阳性反应的血浆样本,分别用Western印迹和HIV-1核酸定量方法进行检测,综合对比分析2种方法检测结果。结果:Western印迹检出阳性样本120例,不确定样本17例,阴性样本8例;HIV-1核酸定量试验检出结果大于检测限样本131例,其中包括12例Western印迹不确定样本、2例Western印迹阴性样本;有3例Western印迹阳性样本用HIV-1核酸定量检测试验未能检出。结论:核酸定量检测试验对于HIV-1感染阳性样本是一种有效的实验室诊断方法;对HIV-1核酸定量检测结果为"TND"的样本,建议加做Western印迹或结合其他补充试验结果进行综合诊断。     

多重核酸检测技术研究进展

核酸检测技术因其快速、灵敏、特异、准确等优点,被广泛应用于细菌、真菌、病毒、寄生虫的快速检测和鉴定,以及疾病的早期筛查与诊断中。随着生物检测技术的发展,基于核酸的多重检测技术在核酸诊断领域发挥了越来越重要的作用,主要包括以多重PCR、核酸等温扩增、基因芯片为基础的多重核酸检测技术,这些技术可对多个靶标进行同时检测,具有快速、高通量、样品消耗少等特点。本文扼要介绍这些技术的原理,及其在病原检测、疾病诊断等方面的应用。     

核酸试纸条检测方法研究进展*

凝胶电泳、实时荧光PCR等常规核酸检测方法存在操作繁琐、设备昂贵、反应时间长等局限性。随着核酸检测市场规模的大幅提升,常规检测方法已无法满足临床诊断、检验检疫的需求。核酸试纸条(nucleic acid detection strip,NADS)是一种新兴的核酸检测方法,具有灵敏度高、操作便捷、结果可视化、成本低且耗时短等优势,在基础研究与临床诊断等领域受到广泛关注。综述近年来NADS的检测方法及研究进展,系统总结该技术的原理、应用及临床潜在转化价值,以期为NADS的进一步开发、利用提供借鉴。     

MicroRNA定量检测方法的研究进展

MicroRNA是一类内源性的非编码小分子RNA, 通过下调蛋白编码基因的表达而对不同的细胞发育过程起到重要的调控作用。分析组织或细胞样本中microRNA的表达可为研究这类分子的生物学功能提供重要的信息。近年来, 研究者发展了许多方法检测不同的生理和病理学过程中microRNA的表达差异, 并发现microRNA的异常表达与癌症、神经紊乱和心脏疾病等的发生相关。文章系统地介绍了最新发展的microRNA定量检测方法, 详细阐述了基于探针杂交技术的Northern blotting法、微阵列芯片法、纳米金标记法、桥连同位素标记法, 以及基于扩增技术的定量PCR检测法、滚环扩增法、引物入侵法和新一代大规模高通量测序法等, 并对这些方法的优缺点进行了分析比较。     

军团菌核酸检测方法研究进展

本文综述了以核酸为基础的核酸探针杂交和多聚酶链反应（ＰＣＲ）在军团菌检测方面的应用,特别是ＰＣＲ与核酸探针联用检测环境水样中的军团菌具有高度的敏感性和特异性,并对其应用于临床的前景作了探讨。     

基于核酸侵入反应的基因突变检测方法研究进展

肿瘤靶向药物治疗需要检测特异性的基因突变。尽管已开发出多种基于模板扩增的基因突变检测方法,但由于存在扩增产物交叉污 染的风险,其应用受到极大限制。基于信号扩增的核酸侵入反应,由于不存在扩增产物污染的风险,并且具有良好的单碱基识别特异性, 非常适用于基因突变的检测。因此,一系列基于核酸侵入反应的基因突变检测方法应运而生。综述若干基于核酸侵入反应的基因突变检测 方法原理与应用研究。     

荧光定量PCR检测土拨鼠肝炎病毒核酸方法的建立

目的建立土拨鼠肝炎病毒（woodchuck hepatitis virus,WHV）核酸的荧光定量PCR（Real-time PCR）检测方法,应用于土拨鼠肝炎病毒模型的研究。方法分别根据土拨鼠肝炎病毒核心抗原（WHcAg）和表面抗原（WHsAg）的DNA序列设计13对扩增引物,从中筛选无非特异性扩增及引物二聚体且灵敏度高的引物,用于土拨鼠血清中WHV DNA的Real-time PCR检测。建立感染土拨鼠肝炎病毒的土拨鼠血清中WHV核酸的Real-timePCR检测方法。结果根据WHsAg基因的5＇端设计的一对引物WHVSF1与WHVSR1,检测灵敏度可达1×101拷贝/μL,病毒拷贝数与Real-time PCR Ct值的标准曲线的R2值为0.997,且电泳未见明显非特异性条带及引物二聚体。结论建立了土拨鼠血清中WHV DNA的Real-time PCR检测方法,该方法为进一步研究土拨鼠肝炎病毒模型奠定了基础。     

CRISPR/Cas核酸检测技术的研究进展

CRISPR(clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats)技术作为强大的基因编辑及基因调控工具,在生命科学研究、生物技术产业、基因治疗等领域得到了广泛的发展与应用.近些年来,基于Cas蛋白(CRISPRassociated protein)特异性及非特异性的核酸切割活性, CRISPR技术在核酸检测领域展现了其简单快速、高效特异的特点,以及在即时检测(point-of-care testing, POCT)领域的应用潜能,可满足临床早期治疗及床旁监护所需的快速诊断需求.根据Cas酶的不同活性(顺式切割活性和反式切割活性),本文将基于Cas酶的核酸检测技术分为两大类,分别为CRISPR/Cas9系统和CRISPR/Cas12, Cas13, Cas14系统,并阐述了它们各自的工作原理.此外,本文还详细综述了CRISPR/Cas系统与多信号传感器的联合应用,总结了CRISPR/Cas核酸检测技术所存在的缺陷及面临的挑战,并对其未来的发展进行了展望.     

简化核酸提取过程在病原体核酸检测中的应用现状和发展趋势

简化核酸提取过程相较于经典的试剂盒法和全自动核酸提取技术,凭借其简便的操作步骤、便携易用的仪器设备和简单的人员培训等优势在病原体核酸检测中得到广泛应用,为实现病原体核酸的快速检测和现场检测(Point-of-care testing,POCT)奠定了良好的基础。本文比较了不同的核酸提取方法,对简化核酸提取过程的方法学进行综述,讨论其在病原体核酸检测领域中的应用现状,并展望其发展趋势。     

基于CRISPR/Cas技术的核酸检测研究进展

由成簇、规则间隔的短回文重复序列（Clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats,CRISPR）和CRISPR相关蛋白（CRISPR-associated protein,Cas）组成的CRISPR/Cas系统是广泛存在于多数细菌和古细菌中的一种适应性免疫系统。CRISPR/Cas系统可识别并结合外源入侵的核酸分子,之后Cas蛋白的切割活性被激活,能够对入侵的核酸分子进行切割使其降解。利用CRISPR/Cas系统特异的序列识别及切割活性,将其应用于核酸检测中,为提高检测灵敏度及特异性等性能指标提供了一种新思路。本文介绍了CRISPR/Cas系统的发展、作用机制等,对多样化的Cas蛋白在核酸检测中的代表性应用研究进行总结,进一步讨论了CRISPR/Cas技术应用于核酸检测中存在的优缺点,并对未来研究进行了展望,为基于CRISPR/Cas技术的核酸检测方法在病原微生物的检测中提供参考和依据。     

肽核酸相关技术在杂交检测中的应用

肽核酸是一种寡核苷酸的类似物,它是由丹麦哥本哈根大学的Ｎｉｅｌｓｅｎ、Ｅｇｈｏｌｍ等人首先发明合成的。肽核酸与传统的寡核苷酸相比,骨架结构发生了根要变化。肽核酸的电中性骨架有许多ＤＮＡ所不具备的性质,例舅高灵敏度、高特异性、非盐依赖性等,从而使它成为一种优良的寡核苷酸的取代物,尤其是杂交检测领域。     

Novel nucleic acid detection strategies based on CRISPR-Cas systems: From construction to application

Beyond their widespread application as genome-editing and regulatory tools, clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats (CRISPR)-CRISPR-associated (Cas) systems also play a critical role in nucleic acid detection due to their high sensitivity and specificity. Recently developed Cas family effectors have opened the door to the development of new strategies for detecting different types of nucleic acids for a variety of purposes. Precise and efficient nucleic acid detection using CRISPR-Cas systems has the potential to advance both basic and applied biological research. In this review, we summarize the CRISPR-Cas systems used for the recognition and detection of specific nucleic acids for different purposes, including the detection of genomic DNA, nongenomic DNA, RNA, and pathogenic microbe genomes. Current challenges and further applications of CRISPR-based detection methods will be discussed according to the most recent developments.     

分子诊断实验室去除核酸污染的方法学研究

核酸检测因具有良好的灵敏度和特异性而被广泛应用于体外诊断、动植物商品检疫、法医鉴定等领域.然而操作过程中易受到核酸污染导致的假阳性结果,严重影响了检测准确性.因此寻找一种有效的防止和清除核酸污染的方案对于实验室正常运转及保障检测结果的可靠性具有重要意义.文中比较了几种不同清除核酸污染的方法,确认了 84消毒液和PCRg...     

Research progress in the detection of common foodborne hazardous substances based on functional nucleic acids biosensors

With the further improvement of food safety requirements, the development of fast, highly sensitive, and portable methods for the determination of foodborne hazardous substances has become a new trend in the food industry. In recent years, biosensors and platforms based on functional nucleic acids, along with a range of signal amplification devices and methods, have been established to enable rapid and sensitive determination of specific substances in samples, opening up a new avenue of analysis and detection. In this paper, functional nucleic acid types including aptamers, deoxyribozymes, and G-quadruplexes which are commonly used in the detection of food source pollutants are introduced. Signal amplification elements include quantum dots, noble metal nanoparticles, magnetic nanoparticles, DNA walkers, and DNA logic gates. Signal amplification technologies including nucleic acid isothermal amplification, hybridization chain reaction, catalytic hairpin assembly, biological barcodes, and microfluidic system are combined with functional nucleic acids sensors and applied to the detection of many foodborne hazardous substances, such as foodborne pathogens, mycotoxins, residual antibiotics, residual pesticides, industrial pollutants, heavy metals, and allergens. Finally, the potential opportunities and broad prospects of functional nucleic acids biosensors in the field of food analysis are discussed.     

蜡样芽孢杆菌检测方法的研究进展

蜡样芽胞杆菌(Bacillus cereus)是革兰氏阳性芽孢杆菌,广泛存在于自然环境中,对不良环境有较强的抵抗力,是一种人畜共患的食源性条件致病菌.蜡样芽孢杆菌能够产生多种毒素,这些毒素决定了其致病性.因此,建立快速、准确的蜡样芽孢杆菌检测方法对疾病的诊断和发病后的及时治疗至关重要.本文对近年来检测蜡样芽孢杆菌的菌体...     

基于CRISPR/Cas体系的生物传感器在病原体核酸检测方面的应用

成簇规律间隔短回文重复序列/成簇规律间隔短回文重复序列相关蛋白 (Clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats/CRISPR-associated protein,CRISPR/Cas) 因高效的靶向结合和可编程性,已被开发为一种精准、高效、低价和高灵敏度的核酸检测工具。目前基于CRISPR-Cas体系的生物传感器在病原体核酸检测方面显示出了优良的性能,受到了人们的广泛关注,这种新型的病原体核酸检测有望替代传统的病原体检测方法。文中就基于CRISPR/Cas体系的生物传感器在病原体核酸检测中的最新研究进展进行综述。     

Method verification study for nucleic acid test system

To identify a suitable method for nucleic acid test(NAT) system verification, several methods were used to verify the system''s key parameters, such as the lowest limit of detection, specificity, accuracy and anti-interference ability. The lowest limit of detection for Grifols'' Procleix Tigris System were HBV DNA 3.1 U/mL, HCV RNA 5.0 U/mL, HIV RNA 21.2 U/mL; accuracy 100%; anti-interference lipemia (triglyceride)< 33.23 mmol/L, hemolysis (hemoglobin concentration)<5 g/L. There were no significant differences between the claimed specification of both the Grifols'' Procleix Tigris Systems and reagents, which both met with published test requirements. New equipment installation or regular verification are necessary to ensure the reliable operation of equipment, which ensure the quality of analysis and test. A systematic method was practiced in our laboratory, which was able to confirm that commercial NAT reagents meet the rigorous standards of blood screening. This study provides a very useful model for other blood screening laboratories and NAT kits.     

Polyethyleneimine derivative for nucleic acid model

Water-soluble polyethyleneimine (PE) derivatives containing nucleic acid bases and hydrophilic amino acids such as homoserine (Hse) and serine were prepared by the activated ester method as nucleic acid models. From spectroscopic measurements, the polymers were found to interact with DNA accompanied by an induction of conformational change. Hypochromicity in UV spectra indicated that a stable polymer complex was formed between poly (A) with PEI-Hse-Ura by complementary hydrogen bonding with equimolar nucleic base units (adenine∶uracil=1∶1). The induced conformation of DNA by the interaction with the polymer containing uracil and homoserine (PEI-Hse-Ura) was concluded to be a super triple helical structure. The formation of the polymer complex, DNA:PEI-Hse-Ura, was found to be affected by the presence of metal ions such as Ca²⁺ and Cu²⁺.