多重PCR鉴定不同毒素型的产气荚膜梭菌菌落

参照文献报道的产气荚膜梭菌a, b, e, t 毒素基因cpa、cpb、etx 及iA序列合成了针对4种毒素基因的4对特异引物, 建立了一种简单的产气荚膜梭菌定型的菌落多重PCR方法。结果本所保存的A, B, C, D, E各型产气荚膜梭菌参考菌株均扩增出了相应的预期条带, 而诺维氏梭菌、腐败梭菌和破伤风梭菌的扩增均为阴性; 将单个菌落稀释100倍利用此菌落多重PCR仍能扩增到相应的目的片段。并利用此多重PCR对13株不同动物来源的产气荚膜梭菌进行了定型鉴定, 并与毒素中和试验鉴定结果进行了比较, 结果表明两种方法具有较高的符合率。本方法的建立对于产气荚膜梭菌的快速检测、定型具有十分重要的意义。     

产气荚膜梭菌α毒素基因的克隆及结构分析

应用PCR技术,从产气荚膜梭菌菌株NCTC64609中,扩增出A型产气荚膜梭菌α毒素基因C端片段(cpa408),并将其克隆至pMDl8-T载体中．经转化,α互补蓝白菌落选择培养,提取质粒,进行PCR和Eco RⅠ、PstⅠ双酶切鉴定,筛选出阳性重组克隆．经核苷酸序列分析证实,cpa408基因阅读开放框架由372个核苷酸组成,编码124个氨基酸．经计算机分析,cpa408基因序列与国外文献报道的A型产气荚膜梭菌α毒素基因C端片段同源性达99％以上,表明所克隆的基因即为α毒素基因C端片段．     

A型产气荚膜梭菌α毒素全基因的分子克隆与核苷酸序列分析

应用PCR技术,从A型产气荚膜梭菌菌株NCTC64609中扩增出A型产气荚膜梭菌α毒素全基因(cpa 1229基因)并将其克隆至pMDl8-T载体中。经转化、IPTG／X—gal选择培养,提取质粒,PCR和EcoRI／Pstl双酶切鉴定,筛选阳性重组克隆。经核苷酸序列分析证实,cpa1229基因阅读开放框架由1194bp组成。经GenBank检索对照分析,cap1229基因序列与国外献报道同源性达98．3％,表明本实验所克隆的cpa1229基因即为A型产气荚膜梭菌α毒素基因。     

C型产气荚膜梭菌α、β_1毒素基因的融合

利用PCR技术,从C型产气荚膜梭菌染色体DNA中扩增出α和β1毒素基因,通过分离、纯化、内切酶酶切、连接和转化,构建了含αβ1融合基因表达质粒重组菌株BL21(DE3)(pETXAB1)。经酶切鉴定和核苷酸序列测定证实,构建的重组质粒pETXAB1含有αβ1融合基因,且基因序列和阅读框架均正确。经ELISA检测,重组菌株表达的αβ1融合蛋白能够被α、β1毒素抗体识别。免疫实验结果表明,αβ1融合蛋白免疫的小鼠可以抵抗1MLD的C型产气荚膜梭菌C5944毒素攻击,表明构建的重组菌株可以作为预防仔猪红痢基因工程亚单位苗的候选菌株。     

多重PCR鉴定不同毒素型的产气荚膜梭菌菌落

参照文献报道的产气荚膜梭菌α,β,ε,τ毒素基因cpa、cpb,etx及iA序列合成了针对4种毒素基因的4对特异引物,建立了一种简单的产气荚膜梭菌定型的菌落多重PCR方法.结果本所保存的A,B,c,D,E各型产气荚膜梭菌参考菌株均扩增出了相应的预期条带,而诺维氏梭菌、腐败梭菌和破伤风梭菌的扩增均为阴性;将单个菌落稀释100倍利用此菌落多重PCR仍能扩增到相应的目的片段.并利用此多重PCR对13株不同动物来源的产气荚膜梭菌进行了定型鉴定,并与毒素中和试验鉴定结果进行了比较,结果表明两种方法具有较高的符合率.本方法的建立对于产气荚膜梭菌的快速检测、定型具有十分重要的意义.     

抗A型产气荚膜梭菌α毒素全人源双价单链抗体的构建、表达及其活性的初步研究

目的:为防治A型产气荚膜梭菌α毒素引起的肠毒血症及气性坏疽等相关疾病,构建并高效表达中和α毒素(CPA)的特异性双价单链抗体,并对其生物学活性进行初步研究。方法:以全人源噬菌体抗体库中筛选得到的抗A型产气荚膜梭菌α毒素单链抗体sc Fv基因为模板,PCR的方法扩增两条单链抗体片段并通过引物设计引入中间连接肽G4S或(G4S)3,亚克隆至原核表达载体p ET-28a(+),转化E.coli BL21,IPTG诱导表达、鉴定及表达产物的层析纯化;Western blot和间接ELISA方法检测与抗原的免疫结合活性;通过体外检测抗体抑制CPA水解卵磷脂的活性和溶血活性以及体内小鼠攻毒保护试验初步研究双价单链抗体的生物学活性。结果:双酶切鉴定及基因测序结果表明构建的双价单链抗体sc(Fv)2-5和sc(Fv)2-15均正确,诱导表达后经12%SDS-PAGE分析,两者均以包涵体形式表达且蛋白分子量符合理论值大小,Western blot和间接ELISA分析结果显示,构建的双价单链抗体与抗原CPA具有特异结合活性,且sc(Fv)2-15与抗原的结合活性明显高于sc(Fv)2-5和sc Fv,体外与体内生物活性试验结果进一步证明,sc(Fv)2-15中和毒素的能力较sc(Fv)2-5和sc Fv具有明显优势。结论:成功制备了抗A型产气荚膜梭菌α毒素的全人源双价单链抗体,为进一步研究该毒素引发的各类疾病的诊断和治疗奠定了基础。     

C型产气荚膜梭菌β1、β2毒素基因的融合

利用PCR技术 ,从C型产气荚膜梭菌染色体DNA中扩增出 β1 和 β2 毒素基因 ,构建了含 β1 - β2 融合基因表达质粒的重组菌株BL2 1(DE3) (pETXB1_2 )。经酶切鉴定和序列测定证实 ,构建的重组质粒pETXB1_2含有 β1 - β2 融合基因 ,且基因序列和阅读框架正确。经ELISA检测 ,重组菌株表达的 β1 - β2 融合蛋白能够被 β1 、β2 毒素抗体识别。免疫实验结果表明 ,用β1 - β2 融合蛋白免疫的小鼠可以抵抗 1MLD的C型产气荚膜梭菌C5 9_4 4毒素攻击 ,表明构建的重组菌株可以作为预防仔猪红痢基因工程亚单位苗的候选菌株。     

食物中毒毒素的免疫学检测

<正>1.绪言 金色葡萄球菌,肉毒梭菌,产气荚膜梭菌,腊样芽孢杆菌和大肠艾希氏菌产生的食物中毒毒素已知为蛋白类物质。这些蛋白性毒素除了他们有较强的生物学活性之外,似乎不具有任何化学特性,能用于与食物或血清及粪便标本等含有的其它蛋白相鉴别。幸而,这些毒素具有抗原性,能用免疫学方法检出。本文概述可用于鉴定几种食物中毒的细菌及其毒素的各种免疫学方法,并基于我     

产气荚膜梭菌前噬菌体的分布特点及遗传进化分析

【目的】分析和研究产气荚膜梭菌中前噬菌体的分布情况、基因组特点及遗传进化关系。【方法】利用PHASTER (phage search tool enhanced release)软件预测产气荚膜梭菌携带的前噬菌体,基于ANI (average nucleotide identity)值对前噬菌体进行分群,利用CARD (comprehensive antibiotic research database)、Res Finder 4.1、VFDB (virulence factors database)和Bac Met(antibacterial biocide&metal resistance genes database)分析前噬菌体携带的耐药基因、毒力基因、抗菌剂/金属离子抗性基因,利用CRISPRCas Finder分析产气荚膜梭菌的CRISPR-Cas系统,利用MEGA 7.0进行前噬菌体的遗传进化关系分析。【结果】产气荚膜梭菌平均携带前噬菌体2.67条,其长度呈双峰分布,平均占基因组2.23%;前噬菌体不携带耐药基因,但携带了α毒素、唾液酶和溶血素等毒力基因以及重金属...     

A型产气荚膜梭菌α-毒素基因的克隆与核苷酸序列分析

利用聚合酶链式反应(PCR)技术,从A型产气莫膜梭菌染色体基因组中扩增了1．2kb的α毒素基因。通过T4 DNA连接酶,将纯化的PCR产物与载体pGEM-T连接,转化受至体菌JM109中,经NcoI/EcoRI和BamHI/EcoRI双酶切分析,证明重组质粒pXCPA02中含有A型产气荚膜棱菌α毒素全基因。经核苷酸序列分析,明确了克隆的α毒素基因在重组质粒中的连接向位且核苷酸序列是正确的。     

NetB, a new toxin that is associated with avian necrotic enteritis caused by Clostridium perfringens

For over 30 years a phospholipase C enzyme called alpha-toxin was thought to be the key virulence factor in necrotic enteritis caused by Clostridium perfringens. However, using a gene knockout mutant we have recently shown that alpha-toxin is not essential for pathogenesis. We have now discovered a key virulence determinant. A novel toxin (NetB) was identified in a C. perfringens strain isolated from a chicken suffering from necrotic enteritis (NE). The toxin displayed limited amino acid sequence similarity to several pore forming toxins including beta-toxin from C. perfringens (38% identity) and alpha-toxin from Staphylococcus aureus (31% identity). NetB was only identified in C. perfringens type A strains isolated from chickens suffering NE. Both purified native NetB and recombinant NetB displayed cytotoxic activity against the chicken leghorn male hepatoma cell line LMH; inducing cell rounding and lysis. To determine the role of NetB in NE a netB mutant of a virulent C. perfringens chicken isolate was constructed by homologous recombination, and its virulence assessed in a chicken disease model. The netB mutant was unable to cause disease whereas the wild-type parent strain and the netB mutant complemented with a wild-type netB gene caused significant levels of NE. These data show unequivocally that in this isolate a functional NetB toxin is critical for the ability of C. perfringens to cause NE in chickens. This novel toxin is the first definitive virulence factor to be identified in avian C. perfringens strains capable of causing NE. Furthermore, the netB mutant is the first rationally attenuated strain obtained in an NE-causing isolate of C. perfringens; as such it has considerable vaccine potential.     

Construction of an Escherichia coli-Clostridium perfringens shuttle vector and plasmid transformation of Clostridium perfringens.

A stable shuttle vector which replicates in Escherichia coli and Clostridium perfringens was constructed by ligating a 3.6-kilobase (kb) fragment of plasmid pBR322 with C. perfringens plasmid pHB101 (3.1 kb). The marker for this shuttle plasmid originated from the 1.3-kb chloramphenicol resistance gene of plasmid pHR106. The resulting shuttle vector, designated pAK201, is 8 kb in size and codes for resistance to 20 micrograms of chloramphenicol per ml in both E. coli and C. perfringens. Following shuttle vector construction in E. coli, plasmid pAK201 was transformed into E. coli HB101 and C. perfringens ATCC 3624A, using intact cell electroporation. The transformation frequencies were 10(6) and 10(4) transformants per microgram of DNA in E. coli and C. perfringens, respectively. Restriction enzyme analysis of the chimera isolated from transformants of both microorganisms suggested that the plasmids were identical. Reciprocal transformation experiments in E. coli and C. perfringens indicated no difference in transformation frequency. Plasmid pAK201 was stable in C. perfringens following repeated transfer in the absence of chloramphenicol pressure. The restriction map of plasmid pAK201 shows six unique cut sites which should be useful for future genetic analysis and C. perfringens gene library construction.     

Construction of an Escherichia coli-Clostridium perfringens shuttle vector and plasmid transformation of Clostridium perfringens

A stable shuttle vector which replicates in Escherichia coli and Clostridium perfringens was constructed by ligating a 3.6-kilobase (kb) fragment of plasmid pBR322 with C. perfringens plasmid pHB101 (3.1 kb). The marker for this shuttle plasmid originated from the 1.3-kb chloramphenicol resistance gene of plasmid pHR106. The resulting shuttle vector, designated pAK201, is 8 kb in size and codes for resistance to 20 micrograms of chloramphenicol per ml in both E. coli and C. perfringens. Following shuttle vector construction in E. coli, plasmid pAK201 was transformed into E. coli HB101 and C. perfringens ATCC 3624A, using intact cell electroporation. The transformation frequencies were 10(6) and 10(4) transformants per microgram of DNA in E. coli and C. perfringens, respectively. Restriction enzyme analysis of the chimera isolated from transformants of both microorganisms suggested that the plasmids were identical. Reciprocal transformation experiments in E. coli and C. perfringens indicated no difference in transformation frequency. Plasmid pAK201 was stable in C. perfringens following repeated transfer in the absence of chloramphenicol pressure. The restriction map of plasmid pAK201 shows six unique cut sites which should be useful for future genetic analysis and C. perfringens gene library construction.     

Factors involved in the transformation of previously non-transformable Clostridium perfringens type B

Abstract The pre-shock incubation of cells plus DNA and the methylation state of plasmid DNA were found to play a role in the electroporation-based transformation of Clostridium perfringens 3626B. Following pre-shock incubation, the highest number of C. perfringens 3626B transformants was obtained when plasmid pGK201 was both dam⁺ dcm⁺ modified, while no transformants were obtained when pGK201 was not methylated or only dcm methylated. This is consistent with the observation that plasmid pGK201 was protected against digestion by C. perfringens 3626B cell-associated nucleases for up to 3 min when methylated by both methylases. C. perfringens 3626B was successfully transformed only within a narrow cell recovery rate window. The erm AM gene associated with pGK201 and pAK102 was found to integrate into the chromosome of C. perfringens strains 13A and 3626B.     

Disruption of a toxin gene by introduction of a foreign gene into the chromosome of Clostridium perfringens using targetron-induced mutagenesis

Clostridium perfringens (C. perfringens) has been developed as a potential oral delivery vehicle to deliver antigens or therapeutic compounds to Gut-Associated Lymphoid Tissue (GALT). However, this recombinant C. perfringens carries a plasmid-encoded expression system, which raises several safety concerns regarding possible horizontal plasmid transfer and spread of plasmid-associated antibiotic resistant genes. Furthermore, this bacterium produces the extracellular theta toxin, which poses a potential safety issue for general administration. Using a Clostridium-specific-targetron donor plasmid, we inserted the Simian Immunodefiency Virus (SIV) p27 gene into the theta toxin gene (pfoA) on the C. perfringens chromosome, which simultaneously inactivated the theta gene and introduced SIV p27 gene onto the bacterial chromosome. Such mutant C. perfringens without an input plasmid or antibiotic resistant gene stably produced a large amount of SIV p27 protein during sporulation and did not produce theta toxin. Upon oral feeding of the mutant bacteria to mice, intact p27 protein was detected in the lower GI tract. The re-engineered C. perfringens provides a biosafe efficient oral vehicle to deliver antigen to the gastrointestinal tract.     

Genomic map of Clostridium perfringens strain 13

A physical and genetic map of Clostridium perfringens strain 13 was constructed. C. perfringens strain 13 was found to have a 3.1-Mb chromosome and a large 50-kb plasmid, indicating that strain 13 has a relatively small genome among C. perfringens strains. A total of 313 genetic markers were mapped on the chromosome of strain 13. Compared with the physical and genetic map of C. perfringens CPN50, strain 13 had a quite similar genome organization, but with a large deletion (approximately 400 kb) in a particular segment of the chromosome. Among several toxin genes, a beta2 toxin gene that is a novel virulence gene in C. perfringens was found to be located on the 50-kb plasmid.     

The murein hydrolase of the bacteriophage phi3626 dual lysis system is active against all tested Clostridium perfringens strains

Clostridium perfringens commonly occurs in food and feed, can produce an enterotoxin frequently implicated in food-borne disease, and has a substantial negative impact on the poultry industry. As a step towards new approaches for control of this organism, we investigated the cell wall lysis system of C. perfringens bacteriophage phi3626, whose dual lysis gene cassette consists of a holin gene and an endolysin gene. Hol3626 has two membrane-spanning domains (MSDs) and is a group II holin. A positively charged beta turn between the two MSDs suggests that both the amino terminus and the carboxy terminus of Hol3626 might be located outside the cell membrane, a very unusual holin topology. Holin function was experimentally demonstrated by using the ability of the holin to complement a deletion of the heterologous phage lambda S holin in lambdadeltaSthf. The endolysin gene ply3626 was cloned in Escherichia coli. However, protein synthesis occurred only when bacteria were supplemented with rare tRNA(Arg) and tRNA(Ile) genes. Formation of inclusion bodies could be avoided by drastically lowering the expression level. Amino-terminal modification by a six-histidine tag did not affect enzyme activity and enabled purification by metal chelate affinity chromatography. Ply3626 has an N-terminal amidase domain and a unique C-terminal portion, which might be responsible for the specific lytic range of the enzyme. All 48 tested strains of C. perfringens were sensitive to the murein hydrolase, whereas other clostridia and bacteria belonging to other genera were generally not affected. This highly specific activity towards C. perfringens might be useful for novel biocontrol measures in food, feed, and complex microbial communities.