云南省地区厕蝇属昆虫物种多样性初探

从种数、特有物种和区系成分等角度分析了云南省厕蝇科昆虫的物种多样性,经统计云南省已知厕蝇科昆虫3属19种。无论是在属级水平还是在种级水平,该科中厕蝇属均占有较大优势,记录有特有种7种,占云南省厕蝇种数的36.84%;结果表明,云南省厕蝇科昆虫以特有种以徳钦白马雪山为主。     

中国四川省有瓣蝇类三新种(双翅目:厕蝇科,蝇科)

报道采自中国四川省西部山区有瓣蝇类Calyptraae3新种：厕蝇科Fanniiade厕蝇属Fannia2新种：五枝厕蝇Fannia quinquiramula sp.nov.,虞氏厕蝇Fannia yui sp.nov.;蝇科Muscidae棘蝇属Phaonia 1新种：太子棘蝇Phaonia taizipingga sp.nov.。新种虞氏侧蝇的命名,系对虞以新教授在中国蠓科Ceratopogoinidae等医学昆虫研究所作杰出贡献的敬意。厕蝇科模式标本存中国沈阳师范学院昆虫研究所;蝇科模式标本存北京军事医学科学院微生物流行病研究所医学昆虫标本馆。     

中国四川厕蝇属六新种(双翅目,厕蝇科)

记述厕蝇科厕蝇属6新种,分别命名为:拟明厕蝇Fannia similiserena sp.nov.,巨斑厕蝇Fannia maximiguttatus sp.nov.,铗叶厕蝇Fannia labidocerca sp.nov.,毛簇厕蝇Fannia dasytophacela sp.nov.,毛胫厕蝇Fannia hirtitibia sp.nov.和长跗厕蝇Fannia tanotarsis sp.nov..模式标本保存于沈阳师范大学昆虫研究所.     

内蒙古厕蝇属一新种(双翅目:厕蝇科)

报道了采自内蒙古自治区阿拉善右旗的厕蝇科１新种,命名为阿拉善厕蝇。模式标本保存于沈阳师范学院昆虫研究所。     

中国四川厕蝇属(双翅目:厕蝇科)研究并记一新种

厕蝇属Fannia为Robineau-Desvoidy于1830年以Fannia saltatrix R.-D., 1830＝F. scalaris (Fabricius, 1794)为模式种建立的1个属,隶双翅目Diptera环裂亚目Cyclorrhapha有瓣类Calyptratae厕蝇科Fanniidae,是该科4个属中种类最多的一个属.迄今全世界已知厕蝇科有300多种,我国已知有3属94种,其中厕蝇属91种,占我国厕蝇科总数的96.81%,分布于四川的有37种,占我国厕蝇属总数的40.66%;在37种中,近年鉴定命名并正式发表的有19种,占51.35%,25种为四川特有,占67.57%,足见四川厕蝇属种类的多样性,是天赋的极其宝贵的基因库.本文编制了四川厕蝇属已知种检索表,并对其中的1个新种:西部厕蝇Fannia hesperia Feng sp.nov.的鉴别特征进行了详细描述.新种模式标本藏于中国科学院上海植物生理生态研究所昆虫博物馆.     

基于28S rRNA基因序列的常见有瓣蝇类的系统发育

用中国产双翅目有瓣蝇类6科15种和GenBank中登录的5科6种有瓣蝇类昆虫的28SrDNA序列片段组合成7科21种,进行同源性比较。应用Mega3.0软件,探讨了28S rRNA基因在有瓣蝇类的分子进化机制;以黑腹果蝇Drosophilia melanogaster为外群,NJ和MP法构建了上述类群的分子系统树。研究结果表明:在获得的698bp的序列中,有126个变异位点,101个简约信息位点;A T含量平均为68.8%,存在较强的A T含量偏向性。分子系统树中,所有内群聚为一支,支持有瓣蝇类为一单系。内群分别聚为2大支:丽蝇科和麻蝇科关系较近于寄蝇科,组成较进化的狂蝇总科;蝇科与花蝇科聚合的类群为蝇总科,上述结果与现代形态分类系统相同。但粪蝇科和厕蝇科脱离蝇总科,与狂蝇总科聚为一支,与现代形态分类系统不一致。     

厕蝇属夏厕蝇种团(双翅目:厕蝇科)分类研究概况

夏厕蝇种团(Fannia canicularis-group)为厕蝇属众多种团之一.本文综述了世界该类昆虫分类研究概况,在查阅国内外该类昆虫文献的基础上,总结出该种团的研究简史,进一步界定了该种团与厕蝇属其它类群的主要区别特征,给出了该种团全世界已知47种的名录及其分布,讨论了该类昆虫生态学及其研究意义.     

蝇科国内新纪录

整理作者采集和保存的蝇科标本,发现28种系国内新纪录:1.须厕蝇 Fannia barbata Stein 分布 辽宁省本溪市郊区(大峪),桓仁县。2.毛胸厕蝇 Fannia difficilis Stein 分布 辽宁省本溪县。3.刷股厕蝇 Fannia kowarzi (Verrall) 分布 辽宁省本溪县。4.小须厕蝇 Fannia minutipalpis(Stein) 分布 辽宁省本溪县。5.鬃胫厕蝇 Fannia nodulosa Ringd.分布 辽宁省本溪市郊区。6.拟刺厕蝇 Fannia sociella(Zett.)分布 辽宁省本溪市郊区(大峪),本溪县。     

厕蝇属一新种记述(双翅目:厕蝇科)

厕蝇属一新种记述（双翅目：厕蝇科）王明福（山西省大同市地方病防治所大同０３７００４）薛万琦（沈阳师范学院昆虫研究所沈阳１１００３４）＊山西省自然科学基金资助１９９４－０８－３１收稿,１９９６－０３－０４收修改稿本文记述了采自我国山西省的厕蝇属Ｆａｎｎ...     

中国蝇科和麻蝇科新纪录

在整理锦州地区的蝇类标本中,发现蝇科、麻蝇科计6种系国内新纪录:1.胸刺厕蝇 Fannia fuscula Macq.,1835 辽宁省(北镇县1)2.六痣秽蝇 Coenosia sexnotata Meigen,1826     

梧桐科分类学研究评述

梧桐科(Sterculiaceae)是锦葵目中的一个多型科,主要分布于热带和亚热带地区,只有少数种可分布到温带地区。由于该科植物的形态特征较为多样化,至今对于它的范围和所包含的属种数目在各国学者间仍没有达成共识。该文从梧桐科的分类地位和系统关系、属的分类地位和亲缘关系以及分类学新特征在梧桐科分类中的应用3个方面入手,分析了梧桐科分类学研究的历史、现状和存在的问题,特别是把来自分子资料的研究结果与传统分类进行了比较分析,试图为梧桐科的分类学研究提供更多的帮助。     

Molecular phylogeny and systematics of flowering plants of the family Crassulaceae DC

Crassulaceae (orpine or stonecrop family) is the most species-rich (ca. 1400 spp) family in the order Saxifragales. Most members of the family are succulent plants. Phenotypic diversity and large number of species complicates systematics of the family and obscures reconstruction of relationship within it. Phylogenetic analyzes based on morphological and molecular markers placed Crassulaceae as one of the crown clades of Saxifragales. In this contribution a review of phylogenetic studies on the family Crassulaceae, based on DNA nucleotide sequence comparisons is presented; major clades established in the family are characterised; their structure and polyphylesis of some genera are discussed. It is shown that the traditional taxonomic structure of Crassulaceae contradicts pattern of phylogenetic relationships between its members. We critically analyzed recent taxonomic systems of the family and stress that homoplasy of morphological characters does not allow to use them to reconstruct relationships between crassulacean taxa even at the low taxonomic levels.     

Genome-based taxonomic classification of the closest-to-Comamonadaceae group supports a new family Sphaerotilaceae fam. nov. and taxonomic revisions

Many genera closest to the family Comamonadaceae have not been classified into any family; moreover, some of them are not monophyletic groups beyond the genus level. To resolve the taxonomic uncertainty of the closest-to-Comamonadaceae (CTC) group, we performed 16S rRNA gene- and genome-based phylogenetic analyses combined with genome relatedness indices and phenotypic traits comparison. Phylogenies based on the 16S rRNA gene and genome sequences demonstrated that the CTC group formed a coherent and robust monophyletic lineage and was sister to the family Comamonadaceae, thereby proposing the CTC group as a novel family, Sphaerotilaceae fam. nov. The resolved genus- and species-level taxonomic relationships of this new family were then validated by the phylogenomic reconstruction and comparisons of genome relatedness indices including digital DNA-DNA hybridization and average nucleotide identity (ANI) as well as comprehensive phenotypic analysis for type strains. Finally, we reclassified all misidentified genera and species, resulting in 19 new combinations, and proposed Sphaerotilaceae-specific thresholds of ANI and average amino acid identity for genus delineation. Collectively, this study has established a sound taxonomic framework of the novel family Sphaerotilaceae and will help guide future taxonomic efforts and prevent the propagation of taxonomic errors.     

Rarity within taxonomie lineages and the use of taxa above the level of species

Studies which attempt to explain rarity lineages are becoming increasingly popular. An ability to explain causative factors for rarity based on shared characteristics in an intuitively attractive concept, since it may greatly reduce the number of studies needed to understand rarity in all species. Most studies have used the taxonomic unit of family as the level at which patterns in the distribution of rarity re examined, though no justification for the use of family has been provided. To date, No evidence has been produced to show that family-based patterns represent patterns at lower taxonomic levels.
To test whether family-based levels of rarity reliably reflected generic levels. J compared the incidence of rarity within 114 genera from 47 families, 113 genera (<99%) within 46 families showed no difference from family means in the proportion of rare species they contained, indicating that the incidence of rarity is consistent between the taxonomic levels of family and genus. This result suggests family level patterns reflect pattern at lower taxonomic levels and supports the use of family as an appropriate level to investigate patterns in the distribution of rarity within a flora     

尖棱甲螨科分类研究进展及区系分析

尖棱甲螨科Ceratozetidae隶属于蛛形纲Arachnida甲螨亚目Oribatida尖棱甲螨总科Ceratozetoidea,是种类较多、分布较广的高等甲螨类群之一,目前全世界共记载24属271种,中国仅7属11种。本文概述了尖棱甲螨科的分类研究现状,回顾了其230多年的分类研究历史,并介绍了研究该类群的代表人物及其成就。同时也介绍了世界及中国尖棱甲螨科各属种的地理分布状况,指出了目前对该类群的研究不均衡、基础薄弱等主要问题,建议当前和今后较长时间内应以种类收集和描述为主,加强国际交流与合作,推动该类群研究的发展。     

Reorganising the order Bacillales through phylogenomics

Bacterial classification at higher taxonomic ranks such as the order and family levels is currently reliant on phylogenetic analysis of 16S rRNA and the presence of shared phenotypic characteristics. However, these may not be reflective of the true genotypic and phenotypic relationships of taxa. This is evident in the order Bacillales, members of which are defined as aerobic, spore-forming and rod-shaped bacteria. However, some taxa are anaerobic, asporogenic and coccoid. 16S rRNA gene phylogeny is also unable to elucidate the taxonomic positions of several families incertae sedis within this order. Whole genome-based phylogenetic approaches may provide a more accurate means to resolve higher taxonomic levels. A suite of phylogenomic approaches were applied to re-evaluate the taxonomy of 80 representative taxa of eight families (and six family incertae sedis taxa) within the order Bacillales. This showed several anomalies in the current family and order level classifications including the existence of four Bacillaceae and two Paenibacillaceae “family” clades. Furthermore, the families Staphylococcaceae and Listeriaceae belong to the sister order Lactobacillales. Finally, we propose a consensus phylogenomic approach which may diminish algorithmic biases associated with single approaches and facilitate more accurate classification of a broad range of taxa at the higher taxonomic levels.     

New World Podostemaceae: Ecological and evolutionary enigmas

The largely tropical Podostemaceae occur in a unique habitat for angiosperms: attached to rocks in river rapids and waterfalls. Little taxonomic work has been published on New World Podostemaceae since Van Royen's monograph in the early 1950s. A paucity of complete herbarium material severely limits taxonomic study and precludes addressing a range of enigmatic ecological and evolutionary issues that relate to the family. The size, high level of endemism, and life history of the family are discussed. The distributions of two species in Mexico are used to illustrate the need for concerted collecting efforts. Recommendations for collection strategies are made that reflect the unusual habitat and life history of these plants.     

Monitoring of marine benthic communities and taxonomic resolution: an approach through diverse habitats and substrates along the Southern Iberian coastline

Studies conducted along the southern Iberian coastline validate macrobenthic community analyses at taxonomic levels higher than that of species. Twelve studies on littoral benthic communities, carried out by the same research team, were selected spanning both a variety of sampling strategies (spatial, temporal, spatio-temporal) and substrate/habitat types (sediment, rock, algae). In order to establish differences between the results obtained at the taxonomic levels of species, family and order, similarities among stations were calculated using Spearman’s coefficient for ranges. A subset of three studies was selected to investigate possible differences in ‘best-explaining’ environmental variables with taxonomic level. The environmental variables selected at species level were the same as those found at levels of family and order. It is concluded that studies at the different levels of taxonomic resolution (species, family, order) lead to similar results both with regard to relative community distributions and the environmental variables associated with these. The importance of this result for monitoring similar benthic communities is discussed.     

Evolution of centromeric satellite DNA and its use in phylogenetic studies of the Sparidae family (Pisces, Perciformes).

In this paper, we use the EcoRI centromeric satellite DNA family conserved in Sparidae as a taxonomic and a phylogenetic marker. The analyses of 56 monomeric units (187 bp in size) obtained by means of cloning and PCR from 10 sparid species indicate that this repetitive DNA evolves by concerted evolution. Different phylogenetic inference methods, such as neighbor-joining and UPGMA, group the 56 repeats by taxonomic affinity and support the existence of at least two monophyletic groups within the Sparidae family. These results reinforce the recent taxonomic revision of the genera Sparus and Pagrus and contradict previous classifications of the Sparidae family.     

中国小鲵科属、种分类变更的回顾

小鲵科为亚洲特有的有尾两栖动物,是现生有尾目10科中第三大科.中国是小鲵科动物属、种分布的主要区域,且研究其分类历史较久,学者较多,故导致学术观点差异较大.本文对中国小鲵科分类地位发生变更的部分属(巴鲵属Liua、拟小鲵属Pseudohynobius、肥鲵属Pachyhynobius)、种(秦巴巴鲵L. tsinpaensis、满洲小鲵Hynobius mantchuricus、豫南小鲵H. yunanicus、弱唇褶山溪鲵Batrachuperus cochranae和太白山溪鲵B. taibaiensis)的变更历史进行回顾,旨在为小鲵科动物的分类提供一个清晰的背景知识.