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Ali Savaş Bülbül Burcu Tarıkahya-Hacıoğlu Yusuf Arslan İlhan Subaşı 《Plant Systematics and Evolution》2013,299(3):683-689
In flora of Turkey, there are six species of Carthamus L: Carthamus dentatus (Forssk.) Vahl., C. glaucus M. Bieb. subsp. glaucus, C. lanatus L., C. tenuis (Boiss. & Blanche) Bornm., C. persicus Desf. ex Willd. and C. tinctorius L. Within these species, C. tinctorius L. is an alien species for the Turkish flora. The pollen grains belonging to six taxa collected from different locations of Anatolia and examined both under light microscope (LM) and under scanning electron microscope (SEM). As a result of these examinations and measurements, pollen grains of taxa are radially symmetrical, isopolar, oblate-spheroid, spheroid, tricolporate rarely tetracolporate, echinate. There are high similarities among taxa but some differences are recorded in size and spin length. According to cluster analyses of Carthamus species’ pollens, C. glaucus and C. tenuis have the most similar pollens. C. dentatus grouped with these two. C. persicus placed as the closest relative of C. tinctorius in the dendrogram. 相似文献
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This study used karyological techniques to determine the chromosome numbers and morphology of eight species of Onobrychis L. (O. caput-galli (L.) Lam, O. aequidentata (Sibth. & Sm.) d’ Urv, O. fallax Freyn & Sint. var. fallax, O. lasiostachya Boiss, O. viciifolia Scop., O. oxyodonta Boiss. subsp. armena (Bois. & Huet) Aktoklu, O. hypargyrea Boiss. and O. cappadocica Boiss.). The results of this study determined the chromosome numbers of O. cappadocica as 2n = 16; O. viciifolia as 2n = 28 and the other species as 2n = 14 The karyotypes of species consisted of median-centromeric (m) or submedian-centromeric (sm) chromosomes. However, O. oxyodonta Boiss. subsp. armena (Bois. & Huet) Aktoklu was found to have only the median-centromeric (m) chromosomes. According to the results of the present
study, of the eight Onobrychis taxa, only O. hypargyrea has a pair of satellite chromosomes (sat-chromosome). Furthermore, this study detected karyotype asymmetry. 相似文献
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Die Arten der Stachys swainsonii-Gruppe (Labiatae sensu Hayek in Griechenland werden kritisch untersucht. Neben der ionischen Art St. ionica, die durch konstante Merkmale sowie ihr eigenes Areal von den anderen Arten St. swainsonii, St. scyronica und St. argolica geschieden ist, lassen sich die übrigen genannten drei Arten, die vom Parnass über Korinth bis auf den nordöstlichen Peloponnes und die Insel Hydra verbreitet sind, als Unterarten zu St. swainsonii stellen: ssp. swainsonii, ssp. argolica (Boiss.) Phitos et Damboldt, ssp. scyronica (Boiss.) Phitos et Damboldt. Die unterschiedenen Sippen werden geschlüsselt, kritische Bemerkungen zu den einzelnen Sippen gemacht und die untersuchten Herbarbelege zitiert. Für St. swainsonii ssp. swainsonii wird die Chromosomenzahl von 2n = 34 erstmals mitgeteilt. Eine Punktkarte der Verbreitung aller Sippen, eine Chromosomenzeichnung und Zeichnungen von Kelchen (Ausschnitte) und Blättern ergänzen den Text. 相似文献
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Five names in the genus Paracaryum (DC.) Boiss. are lectotypified here: P. calycinum Boiss. & Bal. (endemic to Turkey), P. lithospermifolium (Lam.) Grande subsp. cariense (Boiss.) R. Mill var. cariense, P. kurdistanicum (Brand) R. Mill (endemic to Turkey), P. sintenisii Hausskn. ex Bornm., and P. strictum (C. Koch) Boiss. 相似文献
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Verbascum L. (Scrophulariaceae) species are used for desiccating wounds and as a fish poison in Anatolia as well as for diarrhea and dysentery of animals in several countries. To further evaluate their activity, methanolic extracts obtained from 13 Verbascum species growing in Turkey, including V. chionophyllum Hub.-Mor., V. cilicicum Boiss., V. dudleyanum (Hub.-Mor.) Hub.-Mor., V. lasianthum Boiss., V. latisepalum Hub.-Mor., V. mucronatum Lam., V. olympicum Boiss., V. pterocalycinum var. mutense Hub.-Mor., V. pycnostachyum Boiss. & Heldr., V. salviifolium Boiss., V. splendidum Boiss., V. stachydifolium Boiss. & Heldr. and V. uschackense (Murb.) Hub.-Mor. were evaluated for their in vivo anthelmintic activity. The extracts from V. lasianthum, V. latisepalum, V. mucronatum and V. salviifolum showed the highest inhibitory rates against Aspiculuris tetraptera at 100 mg/kg in mice. Additionally, extracts from V. dudleyanum and V. pterocalycinum var. mutense were found generally highly effective. The remaining species did not show any activity. Results of the present study support the utilization of these plant species employed in Turkish folk medicine. 相似文献
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The present paper describes the pollen morphology of 11 species of thc genus
Corylopsis (Hamamelidaceae). The pollen grains were all examined with light microscope and
scanning electron microscope.
Pollen grains of the genus are prolate, spheroidal or subprolate. Three size types are recognized: (l) 18-23 μm, found in Corylopsis omeiensis Yang, C.gotoana Makino, C. himalayana
Griff and C.platypetala Rehd. et Wils. (2) 24-32μm, found in C. sinensis Hemsl., C.willmottiae
Rehd. et Wils., C.veitchiana Bean, C. brevistyla H.T.Chang, C.multiflora Hance, C.pauciflora
Sieb. et Zucc. and C.spicata Sieb. Zucc. (3) 34-39μm, found in C. wilsonii Hemsl. and C. cordata
Merrill. Pollen grains are 3-colpate and 4-colpate (only infrequently found in Corylopsis
sinensis Hemsl.); the exine is 2-layered, 1.25-2.50μm thick, distinctly reticulate, sexine almost equal to nexine in thickness. From the pollen morphology the genus is considered as a natu-ral group. 相似文献
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?smühan Poto?lu Erkara Yavuz Bülent K?se Kadir Osoydan Ersin Yücel 《Plant Systematics and Evolution》2012,298(6):1111-1117
In this study, the detailed pollen morphological structures of some endemic Turkish species of Centaurea amaena Boiss., C. antalyense H. Duman & A. Duran, C. aphrodisea Boiss., C. hierapolitana Boiss., C. luschaniana Heimerl, C. lycia Boiss., C. tossiensis Freyn. Et Sint., and C. wagenitzii Hub.-Mor. (Asteraceae, section Phaloletis) were studied under light microscopy (LM) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) for the first time. LM and SEM investigations showed that the pollen grains of eight taxa are more or less spheroidal-subprolate, the amb triangular and tricolporate. The exine sculpture is tectate, microechinate-scabrate in the pollen of Centaurea taxa. Spinules are less dense in Centaurea amaena, C. antalyense, C. hierapolitana, and C. lycia, but they are more dense in C. aphrodisea, C. luschaniana, C. tossiensis, and C. wagenitzii. Spinule dimensions are different from each other. The exine has one layer of columellae beneath the spines. We determined all taxa that have the Helianthoid type. Exine sctructure and sculpture as well as spine density and dimensions in Asteraceae are the most reliable characteristics for discriminating taxa. 相似文献
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E. Putiyevsky J. Katznelson 《TAG. Theoretical and applied genetics. Theoretische und angewandte Genetik》1974,44(4):184-190
Summary In a cytogenetic study of five annual Trifolium spp. the genetical relationships between (1) T. scutatum Boiss. and (2) T. plebeium Boiss., and between them and (3) T. carmeli Boiss., (4) T. echinatum M. B. and (5) T. latinum Seb., were studied in intra- and interspecific F1 and F2 hybrids. Germination, seedlings development, pollen fertility and chromosome configurations during meiosis and seedset were recorded. All the T. scutatum x T. plebeium F1 were green, but the hybrids between either T. plebeium or T. scutatum and T. carmeli, T. echinatum or T. latinum were mainly albinos. Those that were green had a very high rate of mortality and the survivors produced many albino seedlings. Pollen fertility was about 60% in scutatum x plebeium F1s, and one of their eight bivalents was heteromorphic. Hybrids between either of these and T. carmeli, T. echinatum or T. latinum had 30–50% stainable pollen and had several multivalents, suggesting the existence of a system of chromosomal translocations in these species. Seed set was roughly correlated with pollen stainability. The nature of the isolation mechanisms operating between these species is discussed.Contribution from the Volcani Center, Agricultural Research Organization, Bet Dagan, Israel. 1973 Series, No. 186-E. The work reported here was financed by Grant FG-IS-222 from the U.S. Department of Agriculture under P. L. 480. 相似文献
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Chromosome counts have been done in 12 species of Trifolium, closely related to T. alexandrinum L., and the chiasma frequency in meiosis, pollen fertility, and seedset upon selfing was estimated. In all species, the basic number of chromosomes was 2n=16 arranged in eight bivalents. Two species, T. salmoneum Mout, and T. berytheum Boiss., have 0–7 B-chromosomes in eight out of nine plants examined. The frequency of B-chromosomes was somewhat correlated with pollen fertility. Chiasma frequency ranged between 10.8 and 16.1 per cell with specific and ecotypic differentiation. Except for T. alexandrinum, the species analyzed were completely (or, in a few cases, highly) self-incompatible.Contribution from the Volcani Institute of Agricultural Research, Bet Dagan, Israel. 1970 Series, No. 1677 E. This research was financed by a grant from the U.S.D.A. under P.L. 480, Contract A10-CR-56. 相似文献
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Exogenous selection rather than cytonuclear incompatibilities shapes asymmetrical fitness of reciprocal Arabidopsis hybrids
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Nora Hohmann Barbara K. Mable Polina Novikova Roswitha Schmickl Alessia Guggisberg Marcus A. Koch 《Ecology and evolution》2015,5(8):1734-1745
Reciprocal crosses between species often display an asymmetry in the fitness of F1 hybrids. This pattern, referred to as isolation asymmetry or Darwin's corollary to Haldane's rule, is a general feature of reproductive isolation in plants, yet factors determining its magnitude and direction remain unclear. We evaluated reciprocal species crosses between two naturally hybridizing diploid species of Arabidopsis to assess the degree of isolation asymmetry at different postmating life stages. We found that pollen from Arabidopsis arenosa will usually fertilize ovules from Arabidopsis lyrata; the reverse receptivity being less complete. Maternal A. lyrata parents set more F1 hybrid seed, but germinate at lower frequency, reversing the asymmetry. As predicted by theory, A. lyrata (the maternal parent with lower seed viability in crosses) exhibited accelerated chloroplast evolution, indicating that cytonuclear incompatibilities may play a role in reproductive isolation. However, this direction of asymmetrical reproductive isolation is not replicated in natural suture zones, where delayed hybrid breakdown of fertility at later developmental stages, or later‐acting selection against A. arenosa maternal hybrids (unrelated to hybrid fertility, e.g., substrate adaptation) may be responsible for an excess of A. lyrata maternal hybrids. Exogenous selection rather than cytonuclear incompatibilities thus shapes the asymmetrical postmating isolation in nature. 相似文献
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Fatma Güne? 《Plant Systematics and Evolution》2012,298(9):1777-1794
The pollen morphology of 20 wild taxa belonging to Lathyrus (Syn: Eulathyrus), Orobastrum (Taub.) Boiss. and Cicercula (Medic.) Gren. & Godr. sections of Lathyrus L. grown in Turkey (L. rotundifolius Wild. subsp. miniatus (Bieb. ex Steven) P.H. Davis, L. grandiflorus Sibth. & Sm., L. saxatilis (Vent.) Vis., L. vinealis Boiss. & No?, L. inconspicuus L. var. inconspicuus, L. inconspicuus var. stenophyllus (Boiss.) Rech. f., L. tauricola P.H. Davis, L. woronowii Bornm., L. hierosolymitanus Boiss., L. cassius Boiss., L. gorgoni Parl. var. gorgoni, L. pseudo-cicera Pamp., L. sativus L., L. blepharicarpus Boiss., L. stenophyllus Boiss. & Heldr., L. belinensis Maxted & Goyder, L. phaselitanus Hub.-Mor. & P.H.Davis, L. chrysanthus Boiss., L. chloranthus Boiss., and L. trachycarpus (Boiss.) Boiss were examined by light microscopy (LM) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) in this study. The pollen grains were 3-zonocolporate, spheroidal, subprolate, and prolate (P/E?=?0.99–1.48) types, and were medium in size (equatorial view: rectangular or elliptical-obtuse-convex; polar view: circular, triangular and quinquangular-obtuse-convex). The smallest pollen grains belonged to L. tauricola (P?=?30.94/E?=?31.20) and the largest to L. grandiflorus (P?=?50.60/E?=?36.40). The ornamentation was reticulate and reticulate-granulate in the mesocolpium, and usually psilate in the apocolpium. Some photographs included in this work were taken using both LM and SEM. 相似文献
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E. Putiyevsky J. Katznelson 《TAG. Theoretical and applied genetics. Theoretische und angewandte Genetik》1973,43(8):351-358
Summary Seed formation by large-scale hybridization within and between Trifolium species related to T. alexandrinum L., was studied. The twelve species studied were: a. T. alexandrinum L., b. T. berytheum Boiss., c. T.salmoneum Mout., d, T. apertum Bobr., e. T. Meironense Zoh. et Lern., f. T. echinatum M.B., g. T. latinum Seb., h. T.carmeli Boiss., i. T. scutatum Boiss., j. T. plebeium Boiss., k. T. vavilovi Eig. and 1. T. constantinopolitanum Ser. Hybridization was done either by emasculation and fertilization by hand, or in nature, by utilizing the existence of natural stands and to serve as pollen source the self-incompatibility of some of the species concerned. Results of the two methods were highly comparable although seedset was much higher when crossing was done manually.Crossability, as estimated by seedset, varied in specific cross combinations and ranged between 0 and 70%. Based on the pattern of crossability, five crossability groups were identified with > 20% seedset in interspecific—intra-group cross combinations, and usually less than 5% in inter-group cross combinations. Species a, b, c, d and e form the first crossability group; f, g and h form the second one; h, i, j belong to the third crossability group, while k and l appear as unispecific fourth and fifth crossability groups. The high level of seedset in interspecific hybridization is discussed.Publication of the Agricultural Research Organization No. 2195-E. The work reported here was financed by Grant FG-IS-222 from the U.S. Department of Agriculture under P.L. 480. 相似文献
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The chromosome number and morphology in eight species of the sections Ptarmica (Mill.) W. D. J. Koch, Anthemoideae (DC.) Heimerl,
Arthrolepis Boiss., Santolinoideae (DC.) Heimerl and Achillea of the genus Achillea L. (Asteraceae) were investigated using karyological techniques. Sample plants and seeds of A. biserrata M. Bieb., A. fraasii var. troiana Aschers. & Heimerl, A. multifida (DC.) Boiss., A. brachyphylla Boiss. & Hausskn., A. pseudaleppica Hub.-Mor., A. cretica L., A. latiloba Ledeb. ex Nordm., and A. kotschyi Boiss. subsp. kotschyi) were collected from natural habitats in 2003 and 2004. The chromosome number found in seven species was 2n = 18, while only A. kotschyi had 2n = 36. All chromosomes had median point (M), median region (m), and submedian (sm) centromers. In addition, only A. biserrata species had one subterminal (st) chromosome. An increase in asymmetry was not observed in the karyotypes of the species studied.
None of the studied species had any B chromosomes. 相似文献
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Plant species of the family Urticaceae have periods of extensive and overlapping flowering. Two genera Urtica (U. urens L., U. membranacea Poir. in Lam) and Parietaria (P. judaica L.) are abundant throughout the Iberian Peninsula. Both have substantial allergenic potential, but patient sensitivity is specific to each genus. As a result, interest from the medical profession in the identification of the pollen from these genera has arisen. It would be useful to be able to estimate the relative percentages of pollen of these genera in the air, which would allow clinicians to recommend the appropriate safety measures to patients. Unfortunately, palynologists are unable to distinguish between the species of genera (Parietaria and Urtica). Additionally, traditional methods of pollen counting are laborious and therefore not optimal for routine on-line analysis. Recent biometrical analysis enables us to discriminate between pollen species of the genera Parietaria and Urtica, but they fail to solve the problem of genera identification. Alternative methods for counting and distinguishing genera of Urticaceae have long been awaited by medical experts among others. In this paper we present a computational system to discriminate between genera by using image analysis. It is based on the definition and computation of digital shape measures on pollen images taken by an optical microscope. The system correctly classifies more than 86% of all experiments done. A set of shape parameters are tested and the subset with the highest discrimination power includes: area (A), diameter (DM), mean distance to centroide (Dmean) and roundness (R) of the pollen grain. 相似文献
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Summary
Linaria khalkhalensis Hamdi & Assadi is described as a new species from Azerbaijan and Guilan provinces (northern Iran), belonging to Linaria sect. Linaria. It is close to Linaria lineolata Boiss. and L. elymaitica (Boiss.) Kuprian., which it resembles in habit and vegetative features. However, floral and seed characters together with
a distinctive geographical distribution, warrant recognition at the species rank. An illustration of the new species, a distribution
map, scanning electron micrographs of seed and capsule surfaces, and an identification key are also included. 相似文献
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In the present study, the germination characteristics of three endemic species from Turkey, Tripleurospermum pichleri (Boiss.) Bornm., Cirsium leucopsis D.C and Senecio olympicus Boiss. (Asteraceae), were investigated. Germination was studied for fresh seeds, for seeds subjected to short‐time chilling (15 days, moist +4°C), to GA3 (100, 150 and 250 ppm) and a combination of chilling and GA3; in all cases seeds were incubated either at 20/10°C day/night with light daytime or at 20°C in darkness with daily short‐time dim light (DSDL). In C. leucopsis seeds, all GA3 treatments enhanced the final germination percentages. The mean germination time (MGT) of C. leucopsis was lower under DSDL than with photoperiod. The chilling treatment with GA3 in DSDL significantly increased germination in S. olympicus seeds (from 45 to 87%). Germination increased to 55% in T. pichleri by chilling under photoperiod compared with 32% by chilling followed by DSDL. In conclusion, these three co‐existing endemic Asteraceae species have different germination behaviours; something that should be taken into account for ex situ propagation. However, an efficient way to germinate all species is to use 250 ppm GA3 and 20/10°C with photoperiod. 相似文献