关于DNA的导电属性探讨

目的：从DNA体系的波函数在电场中随时间演变这个角度来研究DNA导电的理论。方法：从求解电场下的Shrǒdinger方程出发研究DNA的导电性能,在电场的作用下,DNA体系的波函数将随时间演变,由于波函数随时间演变,DNA的电子结构也将随时间演变,那么DNA上电荷的分布就会发生变化,DNA上电荷转移在宏观上就形成电流。结论：从理论上计算DNA导电能力与碱基序列的关系,为DNA的导电属性研究提供了新思路和理论依据。     

非洲菊基因组DNA提取及ISSR-PCR扩增模板浓度优化

以改良的CTAB法为基础,对非洲菊基因组DNA提取进行了下述优化：在第二次用氯仿,异戊醇抽提时,加入“PCN”溶液(0.0675g PVP,45μl 10％ CTAB 4％NaCl),可明显去除多糖;在材料研磨时加入化学物质M(0.1000g Na2SO3,0.0500g Vc)及N(0.0200gVE,0.1000gNa2B4O7,0.0200gPVP,200μlB-巯基乙醇),都可去除酚类物质,明显提高DNA及ISSR-PCR扩增的质量,但N的效果稍优于M;同时加入M、N及“PCN”,具有明显的优化效果,所提5个样品DNA,平均A260/A280、A260/A230分别为1.81、2.02,浓度为0.649μg/μl,片段大小约为49kb,ISSR扩增带多且清晰、明亮、稳定性及多态性高,表明DNA纯度很高。对扩增反应的最佳模板浓度进行研究表明,所提DNA模板必须稀释30倍(浓度为15～30μg/μl时),才能扩增出清晰的谱带。     

双退火温度PCR扩增DNA

【目的】与设置单一退火温度的常规PCR(S-T_m PCR)不同,本研究探讨双退火温度PCR(D-T_m PCR)由高到低设置2条引物各自退火温度。【方法】以PxF61和VPel为正/反向引物,用Q5 DNA聚合酶扩增4.3 kb的模式DNA pET20b-Xyn(黑曲霉木聚糖酶基因)。PCR程序为:98°C预变性3 min,30次循环{98°C变性30 s,设置双退火[T_(m1) 70°C(Px F61)退火15 s、T_(m2) 62°C(VPel)退火15 s],72°C延伸130 s}。【结果】与S-T_m PCR(61°C)相比,D-T_m PCR扩增4.3 kb的目的条带亮度更高,减少2条杂带;经25次循环目的 DNA产物量最高。D-T_m PCR用于长片段引物扩增5.3 kb重组质粒DNA条带更明显。【结论】D-T_m PCR直接扩增目的条带,避免了探讨T_m的麻烦,不要求2条引物T_m相近,从理论上更加清晰地认识引物与各自模板分步退火过程。     

玉米基因组DNA提取及浓度测定方法评价

以非转基因玉米种子为材料,比较了常用的3种植物基因组DNA提取试剂盒及改良的CTAB法,通过琼脂糖凝胶电泳、紫外分光光度及实时荧光PCR扩增检测,对提取得到的基因组DNA的纯度、得率及4种提取方法的重复性、提取时间进行分析;比较紫外分光光度法、Qubit荧光法、Pico Green荧光分光光度法,以实时荧光定量PCR检测结果为参照,对3种DNA浓度测定方法的准确性进行分析.结果显示,磁珠法(Promega)最适合应用于快速、简便、高效检测中的植物基因组DNA提取,能有效获得纯度高、完整性好的基因组DNA,并且磁珠法提取效率高,重复性好,提取时间短;在基因组DNA浓度测定中,紫外分光光度法、Qubit荧光法、Pico Green荧光分光光度法的相对误差分别为99.8％、49.8％和28.9％,表明Pico Green荧光分光光度法测定DNA浓度的准确度最高.     

关于DNA复制的引物和DNA聚合酶

DNA复制是由DNA聚合酶催化的,反应需要四种脱氧核苷三磷酸和引物-模板;在引物的3′-羟基上,按模板的指令逐个添加脱氧核苷酸,生成碱基序列与模板互补的新DNA。复制时,DNA双链先打开,形成复制叉,随着复制叉的移动完成复制过程。双链DNA的复制是半不连续的,即先导链是连续合成滞后链则为不连续合成;后者先生成若干短片段(冈崎片段),再连在一起。 DNA复制在基因组的加倍、DNA重组以及修复DNA所受损伤等方面都对生命有决定性的作用。     

真核生物的DNA甲基转移酶与DNA甲基化

真核生物的ＤＮＡ甲基化就是在ＤＮＡ的ＣｐＧ二核苷酸胞嘧啶的第 5位碳原子上加上甲基 ,催化这一过程的是ＤＮＡ甲基转移酶 (Ｄｎｍｔ)。ＤＮＡ的甲基化修饰参与基因表达调控、胚胎发育、细胞分化、基因组印迹、Ｘ染色体灭活和细胞记忆等诸多重要生物学过程[1,2 ] 。在不同组织或同一类型细胞的不同发育阶段 ,基因组ＤＮＡ上各ＣｐＧ位点甲基化状态的差异即构成基因组的ＤＮＡ甲基化谱。根据催化反应类型。可以将ＤＮＡ甲基转移酶分为三类 :第一类将腺嘌呤转化成Ｎ6 甲基腺嘌呤 ;第二类将胞嘧啶转化成Ｎ4 甲基胞嘧啶 ;第三类将胞嘧啶转化成…     

DNA序列编码的研究进展

DNA计算的可靠性和精确度与编码设计的优劣密切相关。随着DNA计算的发展以及DNA计算研究的进一步深入,对编码的要求也越来越高。围绕如何保证理想的生化反应和解的成功提取问题,人们提出了各种各样的约束条件和评价模型,本文简述了DNA编码的原理,综述了当前DNA序列编码的方法,最后分析了DNA编码设计中存在的问题,并对编码设计的未来发展进行了展望。     

序列依赖的DNA局域结构和DNA弯曲

单晶Ｘ射线衍射技术分析表明,ＤＮＡ双螺旋并不是理想的均匀螺旋,而是存在明显的局部偏差。一般认为ＤＮＡ双螺旋携带着两种遗传信息：其一,遗传信息本身,以三联体密码写成,用来确定蛋白质顺序;其二,选择性表达指令,诸如转录调控过程中基本因子,活化子等识别有特定碱基顺序的ＤＮＡ区。后者或许就是靠ＤＮＡ螺旋结构的局部偏差和弯曲。理解这种偏差和弯曲的根源,并提出从ＤＮＡ序列预测其局域结构和弯曲的模型已成为人们关注的重点。１ＤＮＡ的局域结构１．１ＤＮＡ局域结构参数的定义Ｄｉｃｋｅｒｓｏｎ［１］等按照１９８８年在…     

线粒体DNA与DNA甲基化的关系

线粒体DNA（mitochondrial DNA,mtDNA）遗传信息量虽小,却控制着线粒体一些最基本的性质,对细胞及其功能有着重要影响。mtDNA的损伤与衰老、肿瘤等疾病的发生有关。DNA甲基化是调节基因表达的重要方式之一。mtDNA基因的表达受核DNA（nuclear DNA,nDNA）的调控,mtDNA和nDNA协同作用参与机体代谢调节和发病。本文就近年来mtDNA与DNA甲基化的关系作一综述。     

Target concentration dependence of DNA melting temperature on oligonucleotide microarrays

The design of microarrays is currently based on studies focusing on DNA hybridization reaction in bulk solution. However, the presence of a surface to which the probe strand is attached can make the solution‐based approximations invalid, resulting in sub‐optimum hybridization conditions. To determine the effect of surfaces on DNA duplex formation, the authors studied the dependence of DNA melting temperature (T_m) on target concentration. An automated system was developed to capture the melting profiles of a 25‐mer perfect‐match probe–target pair initially hybridized at 23°C. Target concentrations ranged from 0.0165 to 15 nM with different probe amounts (0.03–0.82 pmol on a surface area of 10¹⁸ Ų), a constant probe density (5 × 10¹² molecules/cm²) and spacer length (15 dT). The authors found that T_m for duplexes anchored to a surface is lower than in‐solution, and this difference increases with increasing target concentration. In a representative set, a target concentration increase from 0.5 to 15 nM with 0.82 pmol of probe on the surface resulted in a T_m decrease of 6°C when compared with a 4°C increase in solution. At very low target concentrations, a multi‐melting process was observed in low temperature domains of the curves. This was attributed to the presence of truncated or mismatch probes. © 2012 American Institute of Chemical Engineers Biotechnol. Prog., 2012     

应用电导率探讨邓恩桉不同优株的抗寒性

本文通过测定邓恩桉不同优株在常温下电导率日变化与不同低温胁迫处理电导率的变化,探讨不同处理条件下,电导率变化与个体抗寒性的关系。结果表明,不同个体在常温下电导率存在日波动变化,但日波动性与抗寒性没有直接联系。在不同低温胁迫处理下, 不同优良个体电导率随抗寒能力不同而变化,抗寒能力越强,电导率发生骤变的低温区间越滞后,且变化幅度也较小。由不同处理下的电导率,分别求得不同个体的logistic方程, 经回归分析得出各不同个体的半致死温度,定量评价不同个体抗寒能力,为抗寒-速生优株筛选提供科学依据。     

Responsiveness of selected condition measures of herring, Clupea harengus, larvae to starvation in relation to ontogeny and temperature

A laboratory experiment was performed to study the responsiveness of selected condition measures to starvation in herring, Clupea harengus, larvae in relation to temperature and ontogeny. The larvae at two intervals of development, i.e. stage 1 larvae with initial exogenous feeding and stage 2 larvae with established feeding prior to notochord flexion, were reared at three temperatures (5, 8 and 11°C) and subjected to sub-lethal durations of starvation. Temporal changes in standard length, dry weight, DNA concentration (% of dry weight), RNA concentration (% of dry weight), Fulton's condition factor (CF) and RNA/DNA were assessed and compared with fed controls. Starvation led to decreases in dry weight, CF, RNA concentration and RNA/DNA, while it led to an increase in DNA concentration. Higher responsiveness to starvation was observed at higher temperatures, and the magnitude of the changes was higher in stage 2 larvae. The shortest latency in starvation response was found with respect to RNA/DNA which was length independent in the size range studied. RNA/DNA was also significantly related to average DNA growth rate, and the model for DNA growth rate was, SGRDNA=4.49 RNA/DNA + 7.14 T – 0.42 T2 – 37.5 ; n=32, r2=0.85, p < 0.001). While the model seemed to adequately represent the average temperature dependent DNA growth, a relatively low classification success made it unsuitable for depicting individually starving larvae. Critical levels in DNA concentration can be used (2.2% for stage 1 larvae, 2.9% for stage 2 larvae) to differentiate starving larvae (after 3 – 5 days) from feeding larvae. RNA/DNA was the most sensitive and suitable condition index studied in detecting early starvation of herring larvae.     

Electrodynamics of interactions in electrolyte media. Possible consequences in biological functions

Attention is drawn to the fact that electric charge interactions in aqueous electrolyte solutions, such as physiological media, depend not only on the distance between the interacting charges but also on the frequency at which they move. This fact has important consequences for some biological processes, particularly the kinetic ones. Consideration of charge screening, including the dynamic effects, shows that electrical interactions in quasi-physiological systems are effective even above Debye’s length, provided that charges move at frequencies higher than ～250 MHz. For each electrolyte solution, it is possible to define a threshold frequency, the Maxwell frequency, as the point of crossover between a conducting and a dielectric regime in the solution.     

过表达ZmSKIP基因提高烟草抗低温胁迫的能力

以野生型和过表达ZmSKIP基因烟草为试材, 研究了低温胁迫下过表达ZmSKIP对烟草抗氧化能力的影响。测定了不同低温处理时间下过表达ZmSKIP转基因烟草T3代植株和野生型植株抗氧化酶如超氧化物歧化酶（SOD）、过氧化氢酶（CAT）、过氧化物酶（POD）活性和丙二醛（MDA）含量以及相对电导率, 结果表明, 低温下, 相对于野生型植株, 转基因烟草具有较高的抗氧化酶活性和较低的相对电导率和MDA含量, 说明过表达ZmSKIP提高了转基因植株的耐低温胁迫能力。     

广州市流溪河降水离子浓度与电导率关系

通过对2006年7月～2008年5月在流溪河地区采集的106次降雨水样(雨量范围0.7～268.6 mm)进行化学测试,研究了降水中几类主要离子含量与电导率的关系。结果显示:(1)通过各化学离子含量计算的电导率与对应实测的电导率之间存在-2.94%的平均相对误差。(2)H⁺离子浓度与电导率之间的相关关系,在水样中pH<5.6时是正相关,在水样中pH≥5.6时呈现负相关规律。(3)电导率随离子总浓度的增加而增加,但当水样的总离子浓度相同或者H⁺和总离子浓度相同时,由于样品之间存在显著的其他化学组成差异,致使电导率的不一样。(4)将水样分成pH≥5.6和pH<5.6的两组后,每组中各离子浓度与电导率之间存在更好的回归关系,因此可以通过pH值、电导率的测定并利用回归方程来预测水中的其他化学成分含量。