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1.
The complete protocols for long-term micropropagation of some cultivars of four lupin species: Lupinus luteus, L. albus, L. angustifolius and L. mutabilis were elaborated. The shoots were regenerated in vitro via induction of axillary buds development. Plantlets were multiplicated on lowered salts MS-derived media containing BAP
in diverse and generally low concentrations. Significant differences in regeneration capacity between species and cultivars
were observed. The highest multiplication ratio revealed L. mutabilis and L. luteus. Regenerated shoots were rooted in vitro on low-salts MS-derived media with B5 vitamins. Media were supplemented with different auxins that affected roots formation
of particular species and cultivars. Rooting ability of regenerated shoots decreased rapidly through in vitro culture. For that reason, grafting was applied as an alternative method of transfer of shoots to in vivo conditions. This method turned out to be successful for the majority of studied species and cultivars. Complete rooted or
grafted plantlets were cultivated in pots with perlit in greenhouse.
An erratum to this article is available at . 相似文献
2.
Hippophae rhamnoides ssp. sinensis occurs mainly in the arid regions of northwest China. The wood stands of this subspecies play an important role in maintaining
the local ecosystems in these regions. In addition, the genetic characteristics are essential to understand the historical
range changes of this subspecies and its morphological differentiation with other subspecies. In this study, we developed
nine microsatellite loci for this subspecies for the first time. We used the combining biotin capture method to enrich AG/CT/AC/GT/CG/GTG/CCA
microsatellites. Twenty-six microsatellites were isolated from the enriching library and nine of them were found to be polymorphic
through screening 12 distantly distributed individuals. The number of alleles per locus ranged from three to twelve and expected
heterozygosity from 0.2659 to 0.4767, respectively. We further performed cross-priming tests in another subspecies and two
congeneric species. These firstly isolated loci will provide a useful tool to investigate the genetic structure of this subspecies
and its morphological differentiation from the other subspecies. 相似文献
3.
Yazawa R Yasuike M Leong J von Schalburg KR Cooper GA Beetz-Sargent M Robb A Davidson WS Jones SR Koop BF 《Marine biotechnology (New York, N.Y.)》2008,10(6):741-749
Nuclear deoxyribonucleic acid sequences from approximately 15,000 salmon louse expressed sequence tags (ESTs), the complete
mitochondrial genome (16,148bp) of salmon louse, and 16S ribosomal ribonucleic acid (rRNA) and cytochrome oxidase subunit
I (COI) genes from 68 salmon lice collected from Japan, Alaska, and western Canada support a Pacific lineage of Lepeophtheirus salmonis that is distinct from that occurring in the Atlantic Ocean. On average, nuclear genes are 3.2% different, the complete mitochondrial
genome is 7.1% different, and 16S rRNA and COI genes are 4.2% and 6.1% different, respectively. Reduced genetic diversity within the Pacific form of L. salmonis is consistent with an introduction into the Pacific from the Atlantic Ocean. The level of divergence is consistent with the
hypothesis that the Pacific form of L. salmonis coevolved with Pacific salmon (Onchorhynchus spp.) and the Atlantic form coevolved with Atlantic salmonids (Salmo spp.) independently for the last 2.5–11 million years. The level of genetic divergence coincides with the opportunity for
migration of fish between the Atlantic and Pacific Ocean basins via the Arctic Ocean with the opening of the Bering Strait,
approximately 5 million years ago. The genetic differences may help explain apparent differences in pathogenicity and environmental
sensitivity documented for the Atlantic and Pacific forms of L. salmonis.
Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users. 相似文献
4.
Amira Bidani Oumèma Nouri-Ellouz Lilia Lakhoua Darasinh Sihachakr Catherine Cheniclet Ali Mahjoub Noureddine Drira Radhia Gargouri-Bouzid 《Plant Cell, Tissue and Organ Culture》2007,91(3):179-189
In this study three somatic hybrid lines originating from protoplast fusion between Solanum tuberosum cv. BF15 and Solanum berthaultii were subjected to a detailed molecular analysis using the I-SSR-PCR technique based on 5′-anchored microsatellite primers.
The data obtained revealed a polymorphism between the different lines, suggesting that they correspond to symmetric hybrids.
The analysis of chloroplast genome of these hybrids showed that they are resulting from a recombination between parental plastomes.
When transferred to a greenhouse, these hybrid lines displayed an improved vigour compared to the cultivated potato BF15 parent.
Indeed, an important growth rate and high tuber yield and weight were obtained for these hybrids compared to the parent. Some
of these hybrids showed also an improved ion homeostasis control and they seem to display a better tolerance to salt stress
compared to the potato BF15 parent. 相似文献
5.
Notocactus scopa cv. Soonjung was subjected to in planta Agrobacterium tumefaciens-mediated transformation with vacuum infiltration, pin-pricking, and a combination of the two methods. The pin-pricking combined with vacuum infiltration (20-30 cmHg for 15 min) resulted in a transformation efficiency of 67-100%, and the expression of the uidA and nptII genes was detected in transformed cactus. The established in planta transformation technique generated a transgenic cactus with higher transformation efficiency, shortened selection process, and stable gene expression via asexual reproduction. All of the results showed that the in planta transformation method utilized in the current study provided an efficient and time-saving procedure for the delivery of genes into the cactus genome, and that this technique can be applied to other asexually reproducing succulent plant species. 相似文献
6.
The maT clade of transposons is a group of transposable elements intermediate in sequence and predicted protein structure to mariner and Tc transposons, with a distribution thus far limited to a few invertebrate species. We present evidence, based on searches of publicly available databases, that the nematode Caenorhabditis briggsae has several maT-like transposons, which we have designated as CbmaT elements, dispersed throughout its genome. We also describe two additional transposon sequences that probably share their evolutionary history with the CbmaT transposons. One resembles a fold back variant of a CbmaT element, with long (380-bp) inverted terminal repeats (ITRs) that show a high degree (71%) of identity to CbmaT1. The other, which shares only the 26-bp ITR sequences with one of the CbmaT variants, is present in eight nearly identical copies, but does not have a transposase gene and may therefore be cross mobilised by a CbmaT transposase. Using PCR-based mobility assays, we show that CbmaT1 transposons are capable of excising from the C. briggsae genome. CbmaT1 excised approximately 500 times less frequently than Tcb1 in the reference strain AF16, but both CbmaT1 and Tcb1 excised at extremely high frequencies in the HK105 strain. The HK105 strain also exhibited a high frequency of spontaneous induction of unc-22 mutants, suggesting that it may be a mutator strain of C. briggsae. 相似文献
7.
Beibei Huang Xiaojun Liu Xinglong Wang Yan Pi Juan Lin Jiong Fei Xiaofen Sun Kexuan Tang 《Molecular Biology》2005,39(5):684-695
8.
This paper discusses a number of experiments performed, involving the fusion by an electric field of mesophyll protoplasts
from Solanum tuberosum cv. Bintje, S. tuberosum dihaploid clones 243, 299 and the wild tuberous disease-resistant species S. bulbocastanum and S. pinnatisectum. Three fusion experiments (S. bulbocastanum + S. tuberosum dihaploid 243, S. pinnatisectum + S. tuberosum cv. Bintje and S. pinnatisectum + S. tuberosum dihaploid 299) yielded 542 calli, the 52 ones of which produced shoots. Obtained regenerants were estimated by the flow-cytometry (FC)
and RAPD analysis to determine hybrid plants.The utilisation of the FC as a useful method for detecting somatic hybrids is
also discussed in this paper. The combination S. bulbocastanum + S. tuberosum dihaploid 243 led to the creation of eight somatic hybrids, the combination S. pinnatisectum + S. tuberosum cv. Bintje yielded four somatic hybrids and the combination S. pinnatisectum + S. tuberosum dihaploid 299 resulted in no hybrid regenerants. Morphology in vitro, growth vigour and production of tuber-like structures
were evaluated in hybrid plants. Plants were transferred in vivo for further estimation (acclimatization, habitus evaluation
and tuberization ability). 相似文献
9.
The first set of nine microsatellite markers for the endangered sea urchin Strongylocentrotus nudus was developed from EST databases of S. purpuratus. Number of alleles per locus ranged from two to thirteen. The observed and expected heterozygosities ranged from 0.000 to
0.645 and from 0.063 to 0.912, respectively. These informative microsatellite markers will be useful in studies of population
genetic structure for this species. 相似文献
10.
To elucidate the physiological adaptation of Escherichia coli due to cra gene knockout, a total of 3,911 gene expressions were investigated by DNA microarray for continuous culture. About 50 genes
were differentially regulated for the cra mutant. TCA cycle and glyoxylate shunt were down-regulated, while pentose phosphate (PP) pathway and Entner Doudoroff (ED)
pathway were up-regulated in the cra mutant. The glucose uptake rate and the acetate production rate were increased with less acetate consumption for the cra mutant. To identify the genes controlled by Cra protein, the Cra recognition weight matrix from foot-printing data was developed
and used to scan the whole genome. Several new Cra-binding sites were found, and some of the result was consistent with the
DNA microarray data. The ED pathway was active in the cra mutant; we constructed cra.edd double genes knockout mutant to block this pathway, where the acetate overflowed due to the down-regulation of aceA,B and icd gene expressions. Then we further constructed cra.edd.iclR triple genes knockout mutant to direct the carbon flow through the glyoxylate pathway. The cra.edd.iclR mutant showed the least acetate production, resulting in the highest cell yield together with the activation of the glycolysis
pathway, but the glucose consumption rate could not be improved.
Dayanidhi Sarkar and Khandaker Al Zaid Siddiquee have contributed equally. 相似文献
11.
Field observations and inoculation experiments revealed that Uromyces appendiculatus var. azukicola has an autoecious and macrocyclic life cycle and produces spermogonia, aecia, uredinia, and telia on Vigna angularis var. angularis and V. angularis var. nipponensis. From inoculation experiments, it was suggested that this rust fungus has different host relationships from other varieties. Morphological examinations revealed that the characteristics of urediniospores and teliospores are different among varieties, although aeciospores are morphologically similar to each other.Contribution no. 182, Laboratory of Plant Parasitic Mycology, Institute of Agriculture and Forestry, University of Tsukuba, Japan 相似文献
12.
Na Chen Yan-Zhuo Yang Xiao-li Yang Xing-xu Zhang Chun-jie Li 《Conservation Genetics》2008,9(4):961-963
Microsatellites are often highly variable and abundant in most complex genomes, therefore are widely used in population genetic
studies. In this study, twelve polymorphic microsatellite loci were isolated and characterized for the Achnatherum inebrians, a plant abundant in grasslands of Northwest China. Characterization of 24 A. inebrians individuals form four geographically distant populations (Gansu, Qinghai, Xinjiang and Inner Mongolia provinces) showed moderate
to high allelic diversity ranging from 3 to 13 alleles per locus, and the expected heterozygosity ranging from 0.41 to 0.67.
No evidence of linkage disequilibrium was found for any locus pairwise comparisons. The markers described here will be useful
for investigating the genetic diversity, genetic structure and gene flow of this species.
Na Chen and Yan-Zhuo Yang contributed equally to this work. 相似文献
13.
The interaction between Shigella dysenteriae or Shigella sonnei and Acanthamoeba castellanii was studied by viable counts, gentamicin assay and electron microscopy. The result showed that Shigella dysenteriae or Shigella sonnei grew and survived in the presence of amoebae for more than 3 weeks. Gentamicin assay showed that the Shigella were viable inside the Acanthamoeba castellanii which was confirmed by electron microscopy that showed the Shigella localized in the cytoplasm of the Acanthamoeba castellanii. In conclusion, the relationship between Shigella dysenteriae and Shigella sonnei with Acanthamoeba castellanii is symbiotic, and accordingly free-living amoebae may serve as a transmission reservoir for Shigella in water. 相似文献
14.
15.
Elizabeth S. MacAvoy Lorna M. McGibbon James P. Sainsbury Hayley Lawrence Carol A. Wilson Charles H. Daugherty Geoffrey K. Chambers 《Conservation Genetics》2007,8(2):305-318
Tuatara (Sphenodon spp) populations are restricted to 35 offshore islands in the Hauraki Gulf, Bay of Plenty and Cook Strait of New Zealand.
Low levels of genetic variation have previously been revealed by allozyme and mtDNA analyses. In this new study, we show that
six polymorphic microsatellite loci display high levels of genetic variation in 14 populations across the geographic range
of tuatara. These populations are characterised by disjunct allele frequency spectra with high numbers of private alleles.
High F
ST (0.26) values indicate marked population structure and assignment tests allocate 96% of all individuals to their source populations.
These genetic data confirm that islands support genetically distinct populations. Principal component analysis and allelic
sequence data supplied information about genetic relationships between populations. Low numbers of rare alleles and low allelic
richness identified populations with reduced genetic diversity. Little Barrier Island has very low numbers of old tuatara
which have retained some relictual diversity. North Brother Island’s tuatara population is inbred with fixed alleles at 5
of the 6 loci. 相似文献
16.
Rong Wang Bin Ai Bang-Quan Gao Shuo Yu Yuan-Yuan Li Xiao-Yong Chen 《Population Ecology》2009,51(2):307-315
The mutualism between fig plants and fig wasps has been recognized as one of the most specialized systems of symbiosis. Figs
are pollinated by their highly specific pollinating fig wasps, and the pollinating fig wasps are raised within the syconia
of figs. Recent studies indicated a difference between monoecious and dioecious figs in the dispersal range of pollinating
wasps, which has potential consequences for gene flow. In this study, we detected the gene-flow pattern of the dioecious climbing
fig, Ficus pumila L. var. pumila, at both local and regional scales. At the local scale, spatial autocorrelation analysis indicated strong genetic structure
at short distances, a pattern of limited gene flow. This result was also supported by a high inbreeding coefficient (F
IS = 0.287) and significant substructuring (F
ST = 0.060; P < 0.001). Further analysis indicated that the effective gene dispersal range was 1,211 m, and the relative contribution of
seed dispersal was smaller than that of pollen dispersal. The inferred effective range of pollen dispersal ranged from 989
to 1,712 m, while the effective seed dispersal range was less than 989 m. Lack of long-distance dispersal agents may explain
the limited seed dispersal. The high density of receptive fig trees was the most likely explanation for limited pollen dispersal,
and the position of syconia and relatively low wind speed beneath the canopy may contribute to this phenomenon. At the regional
scale, significant negative correlations (kinship coefficient F
ij
ranging from −0.038 to −0.071) existed in all comparisons between the studied population and other populations, and the assignment
test grouped almost all individuals of the studied population into a distinct cluster. Asynchronous flowering on the regional
scale, which provides a barrier for the pollinating wasps to fly from the studied population to the other populations, is
probably responsible for the limited gene flow on the regional scale. 相似文献
17.
We have investigated the floral ontogeny of Arillastrum, Allosyncarpia, Stockwellia and Eucalyptopsis (of the eucalypt group, Myrtaceae) using scanning electron microscopy and light microscopy. Several critical characters for establishing relationships between these genera and to the eucalypts have been determined. The absence of compound petaline primordia in Arillastrum, Allosyncarpia, Stockwellia and Eucalyptopsis excludes these taxa from the eucalypt clade. Post-anthesis circumscissile abscission of the hypanthium above the ovary in Stockwellia, Eucalyptopsis and Allosyncarpia is evidence that these three taxa form a monophyletic group; undifferentiated perianth parts and elongated fusiform buds are characters that unite Stockwellia and Eucalyptopsis as sister taxa. No floral characters clearly associate Arillastrum with either the eucalypt clade or the clade of Stockwellia, Eucalyptopsis and Allosyncarpia.We gratefully acknowledge Clyde Dunlop and Bob Harwood (Northern Territory Herbarium) for collecting specimens of Allosyncarpia, and Bruce Gray (Atherton) for collecting specimens of Stockwellia. The Australian National Herbarium (CANB) kindly lent herbarium specimens of Eucalyptopsis for examination. This research was supported by a University of Melbourne Research Development Grant to Andrew Drinnan. 相似文献
18.
19.
Genome sequence analysis of Xanthomonas
oryzae pv. oryzae has revealed a cluster of 12 ORFs that are closely related to the gum gene cluster of Xanthomonas campestris pv. campestris. The gum gene cluster of X. oryzae encodes proteins involved in xanthan production; however, there is little experimental evidence supporting this. In this
study, biochemical analyses of xanthan produced by a defined set of X. oryzae
gum mutant strains allowed us to preliminarily assign functions to most of the gum gene products: biosynthesis of the pentasaccharide repeating unit for GumD, GumM, GumH, GumK, and GumI, xanthan polymerization
and transport for GumB, GumC, GumE, and GumJ, and modification of the pentasaccharide repeating unit for GumF, GumG, and GumL.
In addition, we found that the exopolysaccharides are essential but not specific for the virulence of X. oryzae.
Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
Sang-Yoon Kim and Jeong-Gu Kim contributed equally to this work. 相似文献
20.
Orlita A Sidwa-Gorycka M Malinski E Czerwicka M Kumirska J Golebiowski M Lojkowska E Stepnowski P 《Biotechnology letters》2008,30(3):541-545
Growth of Ruta graveolens shoots was induced when Bacillus sp. cell lysates were added to the culture medium. Elicitation of coumarin by this lysate was also very effective; the concentrations
of isopimpinelin, xanthotoxin and bergapten increased to 610, 2120 and 1460 μg g−1 dry wt, respectively. It also had a significant effect on the production of psoralen and rutamarin (680 and 380 μg g−1 dry wt) and induced the biosynthesis of chalepin, which was not detected in the control sample, up to 47 μg g−1 dry wt With lysates of the Pectobacterium
atrosepticum, their effect on growth was not so significant and had no effect on the induction of coumarin accumulation. But elicitation
with this lysate was much more effective for inducing the production of furoquinolone alkaloids; the concentrations of γ-fagarine,
skimmianine, dictamnine and kokusaginine rose to 99, 680, 172 and 480 μg g−1 dry wt, respectively. 相似文献