中国栽培白灵菇学名的订正

采用形态学方法对采集于新疆野生的阿魏蘑标本进行分类鉴定,结果表明其形态学特征符合刺芹侧耳托里变种Pleurotus eryngii var. tuoliensis的特征范围,它与欧洲已报道的Pleurotus nebrodensis有明显的差异。此外本研究还采用分子生物学方法对从该野生样品分离的菌株CCMSSC 02514进行了rDNA ITS序列分析,结果表明它与我国栽培白灵菇菌种CCMSSC 00973、KH5和AFRL 6022完全相同,以此构建系统发育树,将我国栽培白灵菇种质与意大利的Pleurotus nebrodensis、Pleurotus eryngii var. ferulae以及来自荷兰的Pleurotus eryngii等截然分为两组。因此,形态学和rDNA ITS序列分析结果支持我国栽培的白灵菇与欧洲的Pleurotus nebrodensis为不同种,我国的白灵菇是刺芹侧耳独立进化的一个分支,其名称应该为刺芹侧耳托里变种Pleurotus eryngii var. tuoliensis。     

不同温度条件下白灵菇、杏鲍菇及其杂交菌株的生长情况

对5份白灵菇菌株、5份杏鲍菇菌株和3份杂交菌株进行了栽培出菇试验,比较分析了不同温度条件下白灵菇、杏鲍菇及其杂交菌株的生长情况。试验结果表明,在4~24℃范围内,白灵菇与杏鲍菇的菌丝体生长速度与温度的变化呈正相关,最适合菌丝体生长的温度为22℃。4~24℃范围内,白灵菇的原基形成周期与温度呈V型曲线变化,12~14℃原基形成周期最短;杏鲍菇的原基形成周期与温度呈负相关,随着温度的升高原基形成周期变短,22~24℃原基形成周期最短。3份杂交菌株11D、53D、70D的原基形成周期与其对应亲本白灵菇菌株的原基形成周期差异极显著(P0.01)。白灵菇子实体形成最短周期所需温度为12~14℃,而杏鲍菇子实体形成最短周期所需温度为22~24℃,3份杂交菌株11D、53D、70D的子实体形成周期与其对应亲本白灵菇菌株的子实体形成周期差异极显著(P0.01)。     

白灵菇多糖对运动小鼠氧化应激的影响

体外研究表明,白灵菇多糖具有较高的清除自由基能力。然而,白灵菇多糖在体内对运动引起的氧化应激的影响尚不清楚。本研究将100只SPF级雄性昆明小鼠随机分为5组,低剂量组、中剂量组和高剂量组昆明小鼠分别按照50 mg·kg^-1·d^-1、100 mg·kg^-1·d^-1和200 mg·kg^-1·d^-1的剂量灌胃白灵菇多糖溶液,对照组和模型组昆明小鼠灌胃等体积的蒸馏水,连续灌胃4周。研究显示,白灵菇多糖溶液以浓度依赖性方式提高了小鼠的力竭游泳时间(p<0.05)。白灵菇多糖以浓度依赖性方式降低了小鼠血清AST、ALT和CK水平,并显著减少了骨骼肌的病理变化(p<0.05)。白灵菇多糖以剂量依赖方式升高力竭游泳小鼠体内SOD、CAT和GSH-PX水平,并降低了MDA水平(p<0.05)。此外,对小鼠灌胃白灵菇多糖可以剂量依赖方式提高小鼠血清总抗氧化活性(p<0.05)。上述研究表明,白灵菇多糖可有效提高力竭游泳小鼠的抗疲劳能力,减轻运动引起的心肌、肝脏、骨骼肌和氧化应激损伤,提高机体的抗氧化能力。     

白灵侧耳(白灵菇)杂交育种研究进展

白灵菇是与杏鲍菇亲缘关系相近的侧耳属食用菌新品种,也是近年来开发栽培成功的集食用、药用、食疗于一体的大型珍稀食用菌品种。文中通过生物学特性、交配型基因、杂交育种技术3个方面综述了白灵侧耳杂交育种方面研究进展,讨论并分析了通过杂交育种综合优异性状,去除不利性状培育出更好的蘑菇新品种的可能性,为探讨及研发白灵菇杂交育种及其多倍化材料在生物学进化上的保守性提供理论参考,为解决我国食药用菌产业目前存在的瓶颈问题提供新的思路。     

白灵菇液体发酵条件研究初报

通过对白灵菇液体摇瓶发酵的研究 ,确定了适宜白灵菇液体培养的条件为 :装液量为 15 0ml(5 0 0ml)、接种量为 10 %、pH值为 5 .0～ 6 .0、CMC浓度为 0 .4 % ;并通过发酵罐培养 ,研究其发酵过程中的pH值、溶氧值 (DO)的变化。     

北京地区白灵菇菌株的RAPD分析

目的：对北京地区白灵菇（Pleurotus eryngii var.nebrodensis）菌株的遗传多样性进行分析。方法：应用60条RAPD随机引物对供试的18个白灵菇菌株的基因组进行扩增。结果：筛选出12条引物,可扩增出180个清晰、稳定的DNA条带;聚类分析表明,在相似系数0.890水平时,可将18个供试菌株分为3大类。结论：利用RAPD技术成功的揭示了北京地区白灵菇菌株的遗传多样性,为白灵菇的遗传育种提供理论依据。     

ITS-RFLP在白灵菇种质资源鉴定中的应用

为快速鉴别白灵菇种质资源的真伪,对58个供试菌株进行ITS特异性扩增,根据遗传差异选择菌株进行ITS克隆测序,经ITS-RFLP分析和ITS序列分析得知:58个供试菌株中,Pl.n0010、Pl.n0020、Pl.n0025、Pl.n0041这4个菌株为杏鲍菇;菌株Pl.n0037是糙皮侧耳;余下53个菌株为白灵菇。结果表明:ITS-RFLP可应用于白灵菇与杏鲍菇菌株间的鉴定。     

白灵菇深层培养工艺的研究

通过对白灵菇进行深层培养工艺的研究 ,发现白灵菇菌丝体生长的液体培养基的最适配方为 :玉米粉 5 % ,蔗糖 1 % ,KH2 PO40 .3 % ,MgSO4·7H2 O 0 .1 5 % ,VB11 0mg/L ,α 淀粉酶 0 .1 %。在pH 6.0 ,2 5℃的培养条件下菌丝体生长最佳。     

白灵菇菌种退化的快速鉴别方法

[目的]建立白灵菇退化菌种的检测方法。[方法]退化的白灵菇白10菌株和提纯复壮的自交45×49菌株为试验材料,分别采用YBLB试剂、LBL液体摇瓶培养和悬浮液脱色培养基以提纯复壮的菌株为对照,对退化的菌株进行鉴别。[结果]YBLB、LBL两种方法中正常菌株均能使试剂或培养基脱色,退化菌株则不能,从而可定性区分出正常菌株与退化菌株,悬浮液脱色培养基方法定量测定了脱色培养基中的脱色率,退化菌株白10的脱色率仅为54.7%,而正常菌株脱色率高达95.44%。[结论]成功地建立了白灵菇退化菌种定性及定量的快速鉴别方法,退化菌株的脱色率D60。     

白灵侧耳(白灵菇)种质资源评价

白灵侧耳(白灵菇)Pleurotus nebrodensis是近年来开发利用的珍稀食用菌,产于我国新疆,在我国已大面积栽培。目前,国内报道的白灵侧耳菌种较多,相互引种并各自命名,往往会出现许多同种异名,因此,给白灵侧耳的育种和利用带来不便,为此,我们对从国内收集的8个白灵侧耳菌种进行了拮抗、菌丝体生长和出菇比较评价。 1材料和方法 1.1 供试菌株 供试的8个Pleurotus nebrodensis菌种均引自国内科研和菌种生产单位,编号分别为:Pn1、Pn2、Pn3、Pn4、Pn5、Pn6、Pn7、Pn8。 1.2 方法 1.2.1拮抗试验: 培养基为加富PDA平板培养基。在同一平板培养基…     

Effect of Pseudomonas sp. P7014 on the growth of edible mushroom Pleurotus eryngii in bottle culture for commercial production

Addition of bacterial culture strain P7014 and its supernatant to the mushroom growing media resulted in mushroom mycelia run faster. Mycelial growth rate of Pleurotus eryngii was increased up to 1.6 fold and primordial formation was induced one day earlier. Moreover, it was supposed that addition of bacteria had beneficial applications for commercial mushroom production, which appreciably reduced total number of days for cultivation of about 5+/-2 days compared with uninoculated, which took 55+/-2 days.     

The cultivation and nutritional value of Pleurotus sajor-caju

Summary A method for the cultivation of Pleurotus sajorcaju on a relatively large scale using cotton waste as substrate has been developed, and the mushroom so obtained has higher protein content than and comparable carbohydrate content to Agaricus bisporus, Volvariella volvacea, Lentinus edodes and Pleurotus ostreatus. The crude fats, ash, energy value, vitamin and mineral contents are lower and yet the differences are not great. The biological efficiency from cotton waste compost is lower than that from straw compost, however, the former has the advantage of giving rather even yield over successive flushes. This mushroom has a high potential to be produced economically on a large scale in Hong Kong.     

β-胡萝卜素对阿魏蘑菌体形态及其产漆酶的影响

前期研究发现β-胡萝卜素为阿魏蘑和胶红酵母共培养过程中提高漆酶活性的关键因子。本文研究β-胡萝卜素的最佳添加量、添加时间和消耗情况,以及胶红酵母和β-胡萝卜素对阿魏蘑的形态的影响。结果表明,在阿魏蘑单培养中β-胡萝卜素的最佳添加量为10 mg(0.067%),最优添加时间为48 h,漆酶酶活达到7 083 U/L,为单培养的2.9倍。在形态研究中发现中小型菌球和粗糙型菌球都有利于产漆酶。结果显示通过添加β-胡萝卜素和控制阿魏蘑的菌体形态均可提高漆酶的产量,为漆酶的工业化生产提供了新的尝试和方法。     

Cultivation of Pleurotus ostreatus on weed plants

Oyster mushroom, Pleurotus ostreatus (Jacq.:Fr.) Kumm. ITCC 3308 (collected from Indian Type Culture Collection, IARI, New Delhi, India, 110012) was grown on dry weed plants, Leonotis sp, Sida acuta, Parthenium argentatum, Ageratum conyzoides, Cassia sophera, Tephrosia purpurea and Lantana camara. Leonotis sp. was the best substrate in fruit body production of P. ostreatus when it was mixed with rice straw (1:1, wet wt/wet wt) for mushroom cultivation. The fruiting time for P. ostreatus was also less on Leonotis sp. than on any other weed substrates tested in the present investigation. T. purpurea was the least suited weed for oyster mushroom cultivation. The main problem of oyster mushroom cultivation on weed substrates was found to be low yield in the second flush that could be overcome by blending weed plants with rice straw. The protein contents of the fruit bodies obtained from Cassia sophera, Parthenium argentatum and Leonotis sp. were not only better than rice straw but also from the rice straw supplemented weeds.     

Dedikaryotization of higher fungi in submerged culture

Shaker experiments were done with submerged propagation of the oyster pleurotus (Pleurotus ostreatus/Jacq. ex. Fr./Kummer). The starting material was dikaryotic or monokaryotic mycelium obtained under stationary conditions. During submerged cultivation in a wort-containing medium on a cyclic shaker at 240 r.p.m. in flasks with articulated surface, dedikaryotization took place and the culture was predominantly monokaryotic after 10–14 days. Agitation of the medium favours the formation of monokaryotic forms. The typical mushroom flavour is associated with the dikaryotic form of mycelium so that submerged cultivation does not produce higher fungal mycelium in its aromatic form.     

Pleurotus eryngii species complex: sequence analysis and phylogeny based on partial EF1α and RPB2 genes

The Pleurotus eryngii species complex comprises at least six varieties (var. eryngii (DC.: Fr) Quel., ferulae Lanzi, elaeoselini Venturella et?al., nebrodensis (Inzenga) Sacc., tingitanus Lewinsohn et?al. and tuoliensis C.J. Mou). This species is unique among the genus Pleurotus because in nature it is found in association with certain species of the Apiaceae (Umbelliferae) and Asteraceae (Compositae) families. Sequences of partial regions of the translation elongation factor (EF1α) and RNA polymerase II (RPB2) genes were analyzed in order to detect nucleotide polymorphisms that might unequivocally distinguish varieties eryngii, ferulae, elaeoselini and nebrodensis. A phylogenetic analysis was also performed with an aim to establish phylogenetic relationships among those. Sequence analysis of the partial EF1α and RPB2 genes contained nucleotide polymorphisms able to unequivocally distinguish variety nebrodensis from the rest. However, distinction among eryngii, elaeoselini and ferulae was achieved only through the RPB2 gene. The phylogenetic analyses from the combined data sets (EF1α and RPB2) indicated that P. eryngii is a monophyletic group and that varieties eryngii, elaeoselini and ferulae are closely related. P. eryngii var. nebrodensis was placed in a distinct clade clearly differentiated from the other varieties but still monophyletic with the P. eryngii complex. The limited nucleotide variation in partial EF1α and RPB2 among varieties eryngii, ferulae and elaeoselini supports the placement of these groups as varieties and not species within the complex.     

Solid state fermentation of Saccharum munja residues into food through Pleurotus cultivation

The technical feasibility of using Saccharum munja as a substrate for the cultivation of the oyster mushroom, Pleurotus sajor-caju, is evaluated. The biological efficiency of mushroom production is compared on different substances-S. munja, S. munja plus paddy straw, and paddy straw. Although the efficiency is low on S. munja, the ready availability of this weed large areas holds a favourable option for its use in mushroom cultivation. The crude proteins, fats, carbohydrates, and energy values are also lower though the differences are not great. The degradation of three major components-cellulose, hemicellulose, and lignin has been observed, which proves P. sajor-caju to be a lignocellulolytic fungus. The nitrogen and mineral analysis of post-mushroom production S. munja (spent substrate) compares favorably with the dry cow-feed ration showing an enhanced protein content in the spent substrate.     

Molecular genetic analysis of two taxa of the Pleurotus eryngii complex: P. eryngii (DC.Fr.) Quèl. var. eryngii and P. eryngii (DC.Fr.) Quèl. var. ferulae

With the use of isozymes and PCR-fingerprinting analysis molecular markers were found between the varieties Pleurotus eryngii var. eryngii and P. eryngii var. ferulae within the Pleurotus eryngii complex, which allowed the identification of the fruitbodies collected in Southern and Central Italy. The study of sympatric localities has shown that there is no gene exchange between them in the field. The post-mating barriers between these taxa are not yet completely efficient. However, in the field the gene pools of the two taxa appear isolated and associated with specific host plants: Eryngium campestre and Ferula communis . On the basis of the genetic and ecological differences observed and given the absence of gene exchange in sympatric localities, P. eryngii and P. ferulae are to be considered distinct biological species. © 2002 The Linnean Society of London, Biological Journal of the Linnean Society , 2002, 75 , 125–136.     

A novel ribonuclease from fruiting bodies of the common edible mushroom Pleurotus eryngii

A ribonuclease with a temperature optimum of about 70 degrees C and a pH optimum of 6.5 was isolated from fruiting bodies of the mushroom Pleurotus eryngii. The ribonuclease was unadsorbed on DEAE-cellulose and adsorbed on Affi-gel blue gel and S-Sepharose. It possessed a molecular mass of 16 kDa, and exhibited higher ribonucleolytic activity toward poly A and poly G and lower ribonucleolytic activity toward poly C and poly U. Its N-terminal sequence was distinctly different from those of other mushroom ribonucleases, and resembled that of Pleurotus tuber-regium only by 40%. Furthermore, its thermostability characteristics, polyhomoribonucleotide specificity and molecular mass were dissimilar to those of other mushroom ribonucleases.