胃粘膜萎缩大鼠适应性细胞保护作用的变化及其与内源性PG_s等的关系

本文观察了由丙线照射所致胃粘膜萎缩后其适应性细胞保护作用的变化,及其与内源性PGE、PGI_2和 TXA_2的关系。结果表明,胃粘膜萎缩可明显地减弱由胃蛋白酶(150U 溶于0.1mol/L 盐酸)或20%酒精灌胃所引起的对牛磺胆酸所致的胃粘膜损伤的适应性细胞保护作用。在丙线照射后28 d 胃粘膜萎缩状态下,组织合成和释放 PGE 和 PGI_2的能力显著降低,而生成 TXA_2的能力则明显增强;给予上述两种弱刺激后15min,PGE 和 PGI_2含量的增加比无粘膜萎缩动物明显减少,PGI_2/TXA_2比值降低。预先5min 给予外源性 PGE_2,则可使丙线照射所抑制的适应性细胞保护作用重新恢复。这些结果说明,丙线照射可使大鼠胃粘膜的适应性细胞保护作用明显减弱,而胃组织 PGE 和 PGI_2合成和释放能力的降低以及 PGI_2/TXA_2比值下降,可能是产生这种现象的机制之一。     

胃粘膜血流量对大鼠胃粘膜适应性细胞保护作用的影响

采用氢气清除法测定胃粘膜血流量,观察大鼠胃内灌洗低浓度盐酸酒精后灌注高浓度盐酸酒精（０．６ｍｏｌ／ＬＨＣｌ＋１５％ＥｔＯＨ）对ＧＭＢＦ和胃粘膜损害的影响。以及ＧＭＢＦ在适应性细胞保护中的作用。结果如下：（１）先用低浓度盐酸酒精作为弱刺激灌注随之以高浓度盐酸酒精作为强刺激灌注,引起胃粘膜适应性保护现象,它表现为：大体操作和损伤深度分别比单独泊组减少４７．０９％和４４．５７％应性现象,它表现为：大体损     

大鼠酒精躯体依赖及动机行为研究

目的：诱导大鼠产生酒精依赖,观察大鼠产生的躯体依赖及行为学改变。方法：20只雄性SD大鼠,其中饮酒组和对照组各10只。通过6％（v／v）酒精溶液作为饮酒组大鼠唯一饮水来源共28d,测量血酒精浓度。根据旷场行为、戒断症状和强迫游泳等方法来判断是否成功诱导大鼠产生酒精躯体依赖及动机行为改变。结果：整个实验过程饮酒组大鼠血酒精浓度没有发生明显变化。饮酒组大鼠旷场测试中水平活动量在饮酒第7d比对照组显著降低（P〈0．05）;垂直活动量在饮酒第7、14d比对照组显著降低（P〈0．05）;饮酒组大鼠戒断2-48h酒精戒断评分均显著高于对照组（P〈0．01）且评分在戒断第6h最高;戒断24、48h的大鼠在强迫游泳中绝对不动时间比对照组显著延长（P〈0．05）。结论：大鼠持续饮用6％（v／v）浓度酒精溶液可以诱导出大鼠对酒精的严重躯体依赖和抑郁状态,并抑制大鼠在新奇环境中的活动能力和动机行为。     

胃粘膜适应性细胞保护作用及其可能机制

预先给以弱刺激,可防止发生随后给予坏死性物质所引致的胃粘膜损伤,这就是适应性细胞保护作用,它具有极重要的生理意义。这种现象是由于弱刺激可诱发内源性前列腺素合成以及其释放增加的结果。前列腺素具有促进胃粘液和HCO_3~-分泌、加强粘膜屏障、刺激胃粘膜细胞更新和改善粘膜血流量等功能,从而阻止了胃粘膜损伤     

CD44v6编码蛋白与Thrombodulin／TM在腹水胃癌细胞的鉴别诊断

观察转移相关黏附分子拼接变异体CD44v6在腹水胃癌细胞中的表达率,评价CD44v6是否作为腹水胃癌细胞特异性标志物,探讨胃癌细胞的转移机理.用TM区分腹水中胃癌细胞与间皮细胞.并与Melano-cyte/MC进行了敏感性、特异性对比.从腹水液基薄层细胞涂片中筛查出53例胃癌细胞,28例间皮细胞进行常规细胞石蜡包埋切片,采用鼠抗人CD44v6,TM,MC特异性抗体,对53例胃癌细胞.28例间皮细胞进行了免疫组化检测,应用χ2检验.CD44v6在腹水胃癌细胞中的检出丰为96.2%(51/53),间皮细胞中的检出率为7.14%(2/28);TM,MC在间皮细胞中的检出率分别为96.4%(27/28),92.9%(26/28),胃癌细胞中的检出率为7.55%(4/53)22.6%(12/53);TM,MC对间皮细胞敏感性分别为96.4%(27/28)、92.9%(26/28);TM,MC对间皮细胞特异性为92.5%(49/53)、77.4%(41/53).薄层细胞涂片、石蜡包埋技术能够有效地开展细胞免疫化学检测,并且具有广阔发展前景.CD44v6在胃癌细胞中的检出率明显高于间皮细胞,提示参与了胃癌细胞的浸润转移,可作为胃癌细胞的标志物.TM对间皮细胞检测的敏感性、特异性要高于MC.CD44v6协同TM对于胃癌细胞和间皮细胞的鉴别诊断有重要的意义.     

适应性细胞保护作用与胃粘液-碳酸氢盐屏障的关系

本文观察了由天然或外源性弱刺激引起的适应性细胞保护作用与胃粘液-HCO_3~-屏障的关系,并分析了它的可能机制。结果表明,胃蛋白酶150单位(溶于0.1 mol/L 盐酸)或20%酒精灌胃,均可引起胃壁结合粘液分泌明显增加,并呈现明显的量效关系,一次处理后,作用可持续60min。这一作用可被消炎痛所阻断;给予外源性 PGE_2又可重新恢复。用醋唑酰胺阻断胃粘膜 HCO_3~-分泌,则上述两种弱刺激的保护作用均明显减弱。说明天然或外源性弱刺激通过诱发内源性 PGs 的合成和释放,使胃粘膜-HCO_3~-屏障的机能加强。这可能是它产生适应性细胞保护作用的机制之一。     

万古霉素/磷酸钙骨水泥复合材料的细胞毒性研究

目的:研究不同浓度配比(0%、1%、5%、10%)万古霉素/磷酸钙复合材料对大鼠骨髓间充质干细胞的毒性作用。方法:原代培养大鼠间充质干细胞并鉴定;采用CCK-8法测定不同浓度配比万古霉素/磷酸钙复合材料对大鼠骨髓间充质干细胞增殖的影响、TUNEL法测定细胞凋亡率、扫描电镜观察细胞形态学改变。结果:CCK-8结果显示,5%及10%万古霉素/磷酸钙复合材料显著抑制大鼠骨髓间充质干细胞增殖(P0.05);TUNEL结果显示,5%及10%万古霉素/磷酸钙复合材料组细胞凋亡率显著增高(P0.05);扫描电镜结果显示,高浓度万古霉素毒性作用下细胞失活,形态学发生显著变化;1%万古霉素/磷酸钙复合材料组对细胞影响相对于空白对照组无显著差异。结论:低浓度(1%)万古霉素/磷酸钙复合材料基本无细胞毒性,细胞相容性好。     

ADAMTS-1在酒精性心肌病大鼠心室重构中的作用研究

目的:观察含凝血酶敏感蛋白序列的解整合素-金属蛋白酶-1(ADAMTS-1)在酒精性心肌病(ACM)大鼠心室肌中的表达变化及其与心室重构的关系。方法:将50只健康雄性Wistar大鼠随机分为对照组(n=20)和ACM组(n=30)。ACM组大鼠第1周每天给予10%酒精随意饮用,60%酒精灌胃1次(5 mL/kg);第2周每天给予10%酒精随意饮用,60%酒精灌胃2次(10 mL/kg);第3周~16周每天给予20%酒精随意饮用,60%酒精灌胃2次(15 mL/kg),第17周~6个月每天给予30%酒精随意饮用,60%酒精灌胃2次(15 mL/kg)。对照组大鼠采用普通水随意饮用,以同样方式给予普通水灌胃。实验开始前及6个月时超声心动图检测左心室射血分数(LVEF)、左心室舒张末期直径(LVEDD)和短轴缩短率(FS)。6个月后处死动物,光镜下观察心肌病理组织学改变;Masson染色检测心肌胶原分布及胶原容积分数(CVF);TUNEL法检测心肌细胞凋亡。免疫组化法测定心室肌中ADAMTS-1及其底物多配体蛋白聚糖-4(Syndecan-4)的蛋白含量。结果:与对照组相比,ACM组大鼠LVEF(P0.01)及FS(P0.05)明显降低,而LVEDD显著增加(P0.05);心肌细胞肥大,排列紊乱,部分心肌细胞脂肪变性;心肌纤维断裂、溶解;心肌间质血管扩张充血,胞外间隙明显增宽,纤维组织增生,炎性细胞浸润;CVF及凋亡指数显著增加(P0.01);ADAMTS-1及Syndecan-4蛋白表达显著上调(P0.05)。结论:ADAMTS-1在ACM心肌中表达明显增多,可能通过水解释放Syndecan-4,促进ECM重塑、心肌纤维化及细胞凋亡,参与ACM心室重构过程。     

酒精促PC12细胞凋亡及对神经鞘磷脂合酶表达和活性的影响

目的 观察酒精诱导PCI2细胞凋亡及其凋亡过程中神经鞘磷脂合酶活性和mRNA表达量的变化.方法 MTr法测定酒精对PCI2细胞增殖的抑制作用.Hoeelmt33258染色荧光显微镜观察PCI2细胞凋亡形态学变化.DNA琼脂糖凝胶电泳检测细胞凋亡梯状DNA条带.RT-PCR法检测酒精对PCI2细胞SMSI和SMS2 mRNA表达的影响.薄层层析法测定SMS的活性.结果 PCI2细胞去血清培养24 h,酒精浓度在100、200、400和800 mmoL/L时,细胞存活率分别是单纯去血清的87.54%、70.73%、57.89%和51.70%,表现出较强的细胞增殖抑制作用（P〈0.05）;细胞核形态学变化显示酒精处理组凋亡细胞增多,表现染色质凝集,细胞核变小、核碎裂成碎片等典型细胞凋亡特征性变化,凋亡率随着酒精浓度的增大而升高,去血清组的酒精浓度为100、200和300 mmol/L时,细胞凋亡率呈剂量依赖关系;琼脂糖凝胶电泳可见酒精处理组有不同程度的DNA断裂,显示凋亡细胞典型的梯状DNA.RT-PCR检测酒精对PCI2细胞SMS转录水平结果显示,不同浓度酒精作用于PCI2细胞0.5 h,SMSI表达量无显著变化,当作用时间达1h和2 h,SMSl表达量显著增加,并呈剂量依赖性,而SMS2的mRNA表达则不受酒精作用的影响;薄层层析法检测细胞总SMS活性显示,不同浓度酒精作用2 h,细胞SMS活性随酒精浓度增加而升高.结论 酒精可导致PCI2细胞凋亡并与酒精浓度呈正相关.酒精致PCI2细胞凋亡过程中SMSl的mRNA表达量增高,酶活性增强,提示酒精致PCI2细胞凋亡作用与鞘磷脂循环有关.     

二甲基胂酸抑制胃癌细胞增殖的研究

目的:探讨二甲基胂酸(DMAA)对SGC7901胃癌细胞增殖的抑制作用及其可能的机制.方法:依次用5,10,15,20,25,30mmol/L二甲基胂酸处理培养的SGC7901胃癌细胞24 hrs,在5 mmol/L和10 mmol/L的浓度下分别处理6,12,18.24,30,36,42,48hrs,用MTT计数法测定DMAA对肿瘤细胞增殖的抑制率,用激光共聚焦显微镜检测细胞形态变化以及用DNA凝胶电泳检测细胞凋亡.结果:DMAA在不同浓度下对肿瘤细胞的抑制作用呈现典型的双曲线,即随着浓度的增加DMAA对胃癌细胞的抑制率不断增加并逐渐趋于稳定;在形态学上DMAA在低浓度下引起胃癌细胞的胞膜出泡、核固缩、染色体断裂和凋亡小体等典型的细胞凋亡的变化,而在高浓度下主要引起细胞坏死;DNA凝胶电泳结果显示,在低浓度DMAA作用下胃癌细胞DNA呈现细胞凋亡的梯状带型,而在高浓度下梯状带型则消失.结论:DMAA抑制胃癌细胞的增殖,其在低浓度时能有效诱导胃癌SGC 7901细胞凋亡,而在高浓度时使胃癌细胞坏死而死亡.     

Chronic ethanol feeding alters the epithelial cell proliferation and apoptosis in rat gastric mucosa

We developed a chronic drinking rat model to investigate the long-term effects of ethanol feeding on cell proliferation and apoptosis in rat stomach. Adult male Sprague-Dawley (SD) rats received either an isocaloric control or drinking water containing 6% (v/v) ethanol as their only water intake for 1, 3, 7, 14 and 28 days. At the end of each feeding period, animals were sacrificed and the stomach was dissected for the sample preparation. The cell proliferation and apoptosis in gastric mucosa of rats in different groups were analyzed by flow cytometer, immunohistochemistry and computer image analysis. In the flow cytometric study, compared with the control, the cell apoptosis in gastric mucosa of the rats was enhanced during the exposure to the ethanol in 3rd to 28th day. Otherwise the cell proliferation was increased in 3rd to 14th days, and decreased in 28th days, respectively. The results were confirmed by immunohistochemistry and computer image analysis studied. This finding suggested that short-term chronic adequate alcohol intake may enhance the cell turnover of gastric mucosa. Long-term stimulus with the low concentration ethanol may cause the impairment of the cell turnover function of the gastric mucosa and may be one of the mechanisms underlying the gastric pathology associated with alcohol abuse.     

Correlation between the cytoprotective effect of beta-carotene and its gastric mucosal level in indomethacin (IND) treated rats with or without acute surgical vagotomy.

As to earlier observations that beta-carotene prevents the development of gastric mucosal injury produced by different noxious agent, however, its cytoprotective effect can be abolished by acute surgical vagotomy. The aim of this study was to evaluate the possible correlation between the gastric mucosal cytoprotective effect of beta-carotene and its gastric mucosal level in rats treated with IND. The gastric mucosal damage was produced by the administration of IND (20 mg/kg s.c.). The instillation of beta-carotene and acute surgical vagotomy (ASV) or SHAM operation were carried out 30 min before IND treatment. The rats were sacrificed 4 h after IND application, and the number and severity of gastric mucosal erosions were noted. The blood rats was collected quantitatively, the liver and the gastric mucosa were removed, and the beta-carotene and vitamin A level of the gastric mucosa, serum and liver were measured with HPLC. It was found that: 1. Beta-carotene induced gastric cytoprotection in SHAM-operated rats treated with IND but its effect disappeared after ASV. 2. Although the beta-carotene level of the gastric mucosa increased its concentration was not elevated in the serum of intact and vagotomized animals either. 3. Vitamin A Formation was not detected in the liver of animals with or without ASV. It was concluded that the lack of intake of beta-carotene into the gastric mucosa can not play etiologic role in the failure of gastric cytoprotection of rats with acute bilateral surgical vagotomy.     

A pharmacological approach to cellular mechanisms of PGI2-induced gastric cytoprotection on ethanol-induced gastric mucosal damage in rats

The aims of this study were as follows: 1. to analyse the effects of drugs with different subcellular mechanisms on the PGI2-induced gastric cytoprotection in a non acid dependent (ethanol-induced) gastric ulcer model; 2. to identify the affinity and intrinsic activity curves on the PGI2-induced gastric cytoprotection; 3. to evaluate the main cellular mechanisms of PGI2-induced gastric mucosal defence. The observations were carried out on both sexes of CFY-strain rats, weighing 180 to 210 g. The gastric mucosal damage was produced by intragastric administration of 96% ethanol. The animals were killed at 1 hr after administration of ethanol, and the number and severity of gastric mucosal lesions (ulcers) was noted. Atropine, actinomycin D, cimetidine, mannomustine, dinitrophenol, epinephrine, pentagastrin, histamine, ouabain, tetracycline were given intraperitoneally (in different doses) at 30 min before administration of ethanol. The effects of these drugs were tested on the PGI2-induced (5 micrograms/kg was given intragastrically) gastric cytoprotection. It has been found that: 1. atropine, actinomycin D, cimetidine, epinephrine, ouabain, tetracycline and mannomustine inhibited the PGI2-induced gastric cytoprotection; 2. histamine, pentagastrin and 2,4-dinitrophenol enhanced the PGI2-induced gastric cytoprotection; 3. the molar concentrations of these drugs modifying the PGI2-induced gastric cytoprotection differed significantly. It has been concluded that: 1. the drugs stimulating or inhibiting the cell functions are capable to modify the extent of PGI2-induced gastric cytoprotection; 2. different subcellular mechanisms (oxidative phosphorylation, increased synthesis of proteins, ribonucleic and deoxyribonucleic acids, modifications of membrane-bound ATP-dependent energy systems) are involved in the development of PGI2-induced gastric cytoprotection.     

Effect of acute surgical vagotomy on the mucosal content of 6-keto-PGF1 alpha, PGE2 and glutathione after intragastric 96% ethanol treatment in rats.

It has been observed earlier that gastric cytoprotection produced by PGI2, beta-carotene, small doses of atropine or cimetidine has failed in surgically vagotomized rats. This phenomenon may be in connection with endogenous prostaglandins (PGs) and glutathione (GSH) level of the gastric mucosa. The aims of the study were to evaluate the effect of vagus nerve on the gastric mucosal 6-keto-PGF1 alpha, PGE2 and glutathione after intragastric 96% ethanol (ETOH) treatment. The observations were carried out on CFY rats. The gastric mucosal damage was produced by intragastric administration of 1 ml 96% ETOH. Acute bilateral surgical vagotomy (ASV) was carried out 30 min prior to ETOH application. The animals were sacrificed 1, 5, 15 or 60 min after ETOH installation. The number and the severity of gastric mucosal lesions were noted and 6-keto-PGF1 alpha, PGE2 an GSH contents of gastric mucosa were measured. It has been found that: 1. the number and the severity of gastric mucosal lesions were increased after ASV compared to those with intact vagal nerve, 2. 96% ETOH treatment increased both the gastric mucosal PGs and GSH levels, 3. 6-keto-PGF1 alpha peaked at 5 min PGE2 and GSH peaked at 15 min after ETOH treatment, 4. ASV decreased the gastric mucosal PGs content and delayed the peaks of PGE2 and GSH. It has been concluded that the decreased content of PGs and the delayed GSH increase may play a pathological role in the failure of gastric cytoprotection of rats after ASV.     

胃粘膜Na~+-K~+-Mg~(2+)-ATPase在适应性细胞保护机制中的作用

本文观察了胃粘膜(Na~+-K~+-Mg~(2+))-ATPase在适应性细胞保护机制中的作用,并分析了其与内源性PG的关系。结果表明,哇巴因(一种(Na~+-K~+-Mg~(2+))-ATPase的抑制剂)可部分抑制胃蛋白酶150U(溶于0.1mol/L盐酸中)和20％乙醇的适应性细胞保护作用,并呈现明显的量效关系。用上述两种弱刺激灌胃后15min,胃粘膜(Na~+-K~+-Mg~(2+))-ATPase活力明显升高,也呈现明显的量效关系。预先给予消炎痛以抑制内源性PG的合成,则可阻断弱刺激所诱发的胃粘膜(Na~+-K~+-Mg~(2+))-ATPase活力的升高;若在此基础上再给予外源性PGE_2,又可解除消炎痛的阻断作用。这些结果说明,弱刺激通过内源性PG,进而促进胃粘膜(Na~+-K~+-Mg~(2+))-ATPase活力升高,使粘膜抵抗损伤的能力增强,可能是其保护作用的重要机制之一。     

A Chronobiologic Approach to Ethanol and Acidified Aspirin Injury of the Gastric Mucosa in the Rat

Several models of erosive peptic disease have used drug-induced lesions to examine protective mechanisms of the gastric mucosa. Physiological processes such as acid secretion, motility, or epithelial cell turnover have circadian rhythms which may modulate the susceptibility of the gastric mucosa to injury. In this review are described recent studies which demonstrated that susceptibility to gastric mucosal injury by acidified aspirin and absolute ethanol varied with the phases of the light-dark cycle. Acidified aspirin caused significantly more gastric mucosal lesions when administered early in the light phase compared to administration early in the dark phase. The differences in susceptibility were not altered by pretreatment conditions such as immobilization or length of the fasting period. Absolute ethanol also caused significantly greater gastric mucosal injury when administered in the light than in the dark phase, but this difference was only evident in rats immobilized during the pretreatment fasting period. Further studies are needed to correlate circadian susceptibility to drug-induced gastric mucosal injury with physiological defense mechanisms. Careful attention to circadian timekeeping may allow us to refine therapy to optimize physiological defense mechanisms in the stomach.     

A Chronobiologic Approach to Ethanol and Acidified Aspirin Injury of the Gastric Mucosa in the Rat

Several models of erosive peptic disease have used drug-induced lesions to examine protective mechanisms of the gastric mucosa. Physiological processes such as acid secretion, motility, or epithelial cell turnover have circadian rhythms which may modulate the susceptibility of the gastric mucosa to injury. In this review are described recent studies which demonstrated that susceptibility to gastric mucosal injury by acidified aspirin and absolute ethanol varied with the phases of the light-dark cycle. Acidified aspirin caused significantly more gastric mucosal lesions when administered early in the light phase compared to administration early in the dark phase. The differences in susceptibility were not altered by pretreatment conditions such as immobilization or length of the fasting period. Absolute ethanol also caused significantly greater gastric mucosal injury when administered in the light than in the dark phase, but this difference was only evident in rats immobilized during the pretreatment fasting period. Further studies are needed to correlate circadian susceptibility to drug-induced gastric mucosal injury with physiological defense mechanisms. Careful attention to circadian timekeeping may allow us to refine therapy to optimize physiological defense mechanisms in the stomach.     

Gastric mucosal protection by sucralfate involves phosphoinositides participation

1. The mechanism of gastroprotective action of an antiulcer drug, sucralfate, was investigated. Studies in vivo were conducted with groups of rats with and without indomethacin pretreatment, and the animals received sucralfate followed by ethanol. In the in vitro system, gastric mucosa was cultured in the presence of sucralfate with and without indomethacin. 2. The in vivo experiments revealed that ethanol caused extensive gastric lesions which were significantly reduced following sucralfate pretreatment. Furthermore, sucralfate was also capable of preventing the detrimental effect of indomethacin on gastric mucus gel dimension and its mucin content. 3. The data with gastric mucosal culture showed that the sucralfate elicited increase in mucin was accompanied by the enhanced turnover of mucosal phosphoinositides. 4. Regardless of the inclusion of indomethacin, sucralfate evoked 23% reduction in phosphatidylinositol, 24% increase in inositol-1-phosphate and 3.4-fold increase in inositol-1,4,5-trisphosphate, thus indicating the activation of phosphoinositide-specific phospholipase C. 5. The results demonstrate that the gastric mucosal protective action of sucralfate is not mediated by endogenous prostaglandins, but appears to involve the metabolism of phosphoinositide-derived messenger molecules.     

Failure of prostacyclin, beta-carotene, atropine and cimetidine to produce gastric cyto- and general mucosal protection in surgically vagotomized rats

Different chemicals (such as ethanol, HCl, drugs) produce gastric mucosal injury. A special type of gastric mucosal defense, which differed from the inhibition of gastric acid secretion, was discovered in response to small doses of prostaglandins. This phenomenon was termed "gastric cytoprotection". Later, the existence of gastric cytoprotection was proved using different compounds, such as vitamin A and other carotenoids, prostacyclin, small doses of anticholinergic and H2-blocking agents. These compounds produce cyto-protection by different mechanisms. In this study we tested the role of vagus nerve on the development of these different types of gastric cytoprotection. These compounds prevent ethanol-induced gastric mucosal injury in rats with intact vagus nerve, but their cyto- and mucosal protective effects disappear in surgically vagotomized rats. These results indicate that the intact vagus nerve is basically necessary for the overproduction of HCl and pepsin secretion, and for the development of gastric cytoprotection, produced by different compounds (e.g. prostacyclin, beta-carotene, small doses of atropine and cimetidine) acting without the presence of inhibition of gastric acid secretion.