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1.
The effects upon the nature of insect pest attack of treating only a certain proportion (0%, 25%, 50%, 75% and 100%) of the plants in a field bean (Vicia fabae) stand, with a systemic insecticide (aldicarb as Temik 10G, Rhone Poulenc Drugs Ltd; 10% a.i.) were assessed. Numbers of both the black bean aphid (Aphis fabae) and the bean weevil (Sitona lineatus) were proportionally reduced on untreated plants in plots with an increasing proportion of insecticide treated plants. A similar response was also observed with bean weevil leaf damage scores.
It is postulated that the observed effects are due to a reduction in insect numbers per plot brought about by redistribution of insects after initial invasion. Insects initially alighting on untreated plants later migrate to treated plants and either die or leave the plot altogether. This resulted in proportionally fewer insects on the untreated plants than would be expected. 相似文献
It is postulated that the observed effects are due to a reduction in insect numbers per plot brought about by redistribution of insects after initial invasion. Insects initially alighting on untreated plants later migrate to treated plants and either die or leave the plot altogether. This resulted in proportionally fewer insects on the untreated plants than would be expected. 相似文献
2.
Translocation of selenium in the bean plant (Phaseolus vulgaris) and the field bean (Vicia faba) 总被引:4,自引:0,他引:4
Marie-Pierre Arvy 《Physiologia plantarum》1982,56(3):299-302
Selenium distribution in the bean plant ( Phaseolus vulgaris L. cv. Contender) was studied using autoradiographs of the whole plant and of sections of organs. A few hours after the incubation of the roots with (75 Se) selenate, a major part of the selenate accumulates in the roots, while the fraction conveyed towards the aerial organs is unevenly distributed, resulting in accumulation of 75 Se in the young leaves, the buds and the epicotyl. This distribution results from a general translocation of selenium through the xylem. A secondary process of redistribution is then immediately linked to the transport of 75 Se labeled products (such as seleno-amino acids) in the phloem from the mature leaves. A similar pattern of translocation of selenium was found in the field bean ( Vicia faba L. cv. Aguadulce) by using aphids that insert their stylets into the sieve tubes. Measurement of the radioactivity of these insects shows that the 75 Se content of the phloem sap was reduced to low levels when all the mature leaves were excised. The mature leaves thus serve as relaying organs, redistributing the selenium which is carried in by the movement of water through the xylem. 相似文献
3.
Sphingolipids in bean leaves (Phaseolus vulgaris) 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
Phytoglycolipid has been isolated for the first time from plant leaves (Phaseolus vulgaris). The purified product (almost identical with the phytoglycolipid isolated from flax seed) was a ceramide attached through phosphate diester linkage to an oligosaccharide, which consisted of the usual trisaccharide unit (inositol, hexuronic acid, hexosamine) to which were attached mannose, galactose, and arabinose. The major fatty acids were the saturated 2-hydroxy C(22), C(24), and C(26) acids; the major long-chain bases were dehydrophytosphingosine (d-ribo-1,3,4-trihydroxy-2-amino-8-trans-octadecene) (53%) and phytosphingosine (d-ribo-1,3,4-trihydroxy-2-amino-octadecane) (32%). A ceramide and a cerebroside were also isolated. In the ceramide the major fatty acids and the major long-chain bases were the same as in the phytoglycolipid. In the cerebroside, the fatty acid composition was similar to that in the ceramide and phytoglycolipid, but the long-chain bases consisted of dehydrophytosphingosine and phytosphingosine (7:1) with a substantial amount of unidentified long-chain base. The sugar component was glucose. 相似文献
4.
The protochlorophyll(ide) forms and plastid ultrastructure were investigated in hypocotyls of dark-grown seedlings of kidney bean ( Phaseolus vulgaris L. cv. Brede zonder draad). By deconvolution of the fluorescence emission spectra into Gaussian components three protochlorophyll(ide) forms were found with maxima at 633, 642 and 657 nm, respectively. The ratio of protochlorophyll(ide) emitting at 657 nm to protochlorophyll(ide) emitting at 633 nm decreased downwards the hypocotyl. The gradient was established already after 4 days in dark-grown Phaseolus and was also seen in hypocotyls of 7-day-old dark-grown plants of 8 other species. Ultrastructural observations revealed a plastid developmental sequence along the hypocotyl. Plastids in the upper parts of the hypocotyl contained prolamellar bodies typical of etiolated leaves while those in the lower parts contained only stroma lamellae. Immunological detection of NADPH-protochlorophyllide oxidoreductase (EC 1.3.1.33) on nitrocellulose membranes after sodium dodecyl sulphate polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (SDSPAGE) indicated the occurrence of the enzyme in upper, middle and lower sections of hypocotyls and in the root tips. 相似文献
5.
6.
A lectin from winged bean (Psophocarpus tetragonolobus) tubers 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
7.
Faba bean (Vicia faba) plants were inoculated with rhizobia and then their sap was infected with broad bean mottle bromovirus (BBMV) or bean yellow mosaic potyvirus (BYMV) in a field experiment. Both viral infections significantly decreased shoot and root dry weight, number of nodules, nodule dry weight, numbers of flowers and pods/plant, total plant N, grain yield and N2 fixation. However, inoculation withRhizobium leguminosarum significantly increased all these parameters, both in healthy and virus-infected plants. Although BYMV was more destructive than BBMV, inoculation with rhizobia could be used, with other control measures, to limit damage by both viruses.The authors are with the Department of Biochemistry and Soil Science, Faculty of Agriculture, Shambat, Sudan. 相似文献
8.
Functional properties of yam bean (Pachyrhizus erosus) starch 总被引:3,自引:0,他引:3
The study was carried out in order to determine and establish the functional characters of starch extracted from yam bean (Pachyrhizus erosus (L) Urban) compared with cassava starch. Yam bean is a tropical tuber legume easily grown and holds a great potential as a new source of starch. Yam bean starch shows functional properties which are peculiar to those of most starch root crops. Gelatinization temperature (53-63 degrees C) and the pasting temperature (64.5 degrees C) are less than those of cereal starch, however, the swelling power is high (54.4 g gel/g dried starch). Yam bean starch paste presents a high viscosity profile, high retrogradation tendency and low stability on cooking. The functional properties of yam bean starch, similar to those of cassava starch, allows yam bean to be used as a potential new source of starch. 相似文献
9.
Evidence for genetic diversity in cultivated common bean (Phaseolus vulgaris) is reviewed. Multivariate statistical analyses of morphological, agronomic, and molecular data, as well as other available information on Latin American landraces representing various geographical and ecological regions of their primary centers of domestications in the Americas, reveal the existence of two major groups of germplasm: Middle American and Andean South American, which could be further divided into six races. Three races originated in Middle America (races Durango, Jalisco, and Mesoamerica) and three in Andean South America (races Chile, Nueva Granada, and Peru). Their distinctive characteristics and their relationships with previously reported gene pools are discussed. 相似文献
10.
P. J. WHITNEY 《The Annals of applied biology》1972,72(2):205-210
Application of 14C-labelled 2,4-D to bean plants parasitized by broomrape led to a concentration of the herbicide in the immature parasite that was up to fourteen times that in the bean root. Not all substances are translocated in this way. 22Na in sodium chloride was not moved in significant amounts away from the site of application, but sucrose was found to be translocated to the parasite. Application of 2,4-D,2,4,5-T, N.A.A. and D.N.P. to mature Orobanche under field conditions had little effect. 2,4-D is not considered a suitable herbicide for the control of Orobanche in bean crops because of the high sensitivity of the host of this compound. It is thought, however, that the application to the host of a systemic herbicide which becomes concentrated in the parasite to a toxic level could well be an efficient way of controlling this type of parasite. 相似文献
11.
M. A. Zambre J. De Clercq E. Vranová M. Van Montagu G. Angenon W. Dillen 《Plant cell reports》1998,17(8):626-630
Regeneration-competent callus of Phaseolus vulgaris and P. acutifolius was obtained from mature embryo explants on a medium containing thidiazuron and indole-3-acetic acid. For the P. vulgaris genotype Xan-159, regeneration was achieved from cotyledon explants, but not from embryonic axis explants. Both explants
could be used for the P. acutifolius genotype NI 574 but embryonic axes gave the best results. In-vitro-rooted plantlets of P. acutifolius could readily be established in the greenhouse. For P. vulgaris hardening problems with in-vitro-rooted plantlets could be overcome by means of in vitro grafting. The potential of the described
procedure for obtaining transgenic P. vulgaris plants is discussed.
Received: 31 July 1997 / Revision received: 9 September 1997 / Accepted: 22 December 1997 相似文献
12.
A. Kaga T. Ishii K. Tsukimoto E. Tokoro O. Kamijima 《TAG. Theoretical and applied genetics. Theoretische und angewandte Genetik》2000,100(2):207-213
A genetic linkage map was developed with 86 F2 plants derived from an interspecific cross between azuki bean (Vigna angularis, 2n=2x=22) and rice bean (V. umbellata, 2n=2x=22). In total, 14 linkage groups, each containing more than 4 markers, were constructed with one phenotypic, 114 RFLP
and 74 RAPD markers. The total map size was 1702 cM, and the average distance between markers was 9.7 cM. The loci showing
significant deviation from the expected ratio clustered in several linkage groups. Most of the skewed loci were due to the
predominance of rice bean alleles. The azuki-rice bean linkage map was compared with other available maps of Vigna species in subgenus Ceratotropis. Based on the lineage of the common mapped markers, 7 and 16 conserved linkage blocks were found in the interspecific map
of azuki bean ×V. nakashimae and mungbean map, respectively. Although the present map is not fully saturated, it may facilitate gene tagging, QTL mapping
and further useful gene transfer for azuki bean breeding.
Received: 20 March 1999 / Accepted: 29 April 1999 相似文献
13.
Phaseolus vulgaris has two 5S rDNA sites in chromosomes 6 and 10 and from two up to nine 45S rDNA sites depending on the accession. The presence of three 45S rDNA sites, in chromosomes 6, 9 and 10, is considered the ancestral state for the species. For P. lunatus, only one 5S and one 45S rDNA sites in distinct chromosomes were known. In order to investigate the homeologies among these rDNA-bearing chromosomes and the stability of the rDNA sites in P. lunatus, rDNA and P. vulgaris chromosome-specific probes were hybridized in situ to P. lunatus. The chromosomes bearing the 5S and the 45S rDNA of P. lunatus are homeologous to chromosomes 10 and 6 of P. vulgaris, respectively. In contrast to the common bean, no variation in the number of rDNA loci was detected, except for a duplication of the 5S rDNA in the same chromosome in a small group of cultivars. These results suggest that the 5S rDNA site in chromosome 10 and the 45S rDNA site in chromosome 6 represent the ancestral loci in the genus. The 5S rDNA site in chromosome 10 of P. vulgaris is located in the long arm, while in P. lunatus it is present in the short arm, suggesting the occurrence of a transposition or a pericentric inversion after separation of both lineages. 相似文献
14.
Antônia E.A. Oliveira Elane S. Ribeiro Maura da Cunha Valdirene M. Gomes Kátia V.S. Fernandes José Xavier-Filho 《Plant Growth Regulation》2004,43(1):57-62
Insulin is a 6 kDa peptide hormone that activates several metabolic processes and cellular growth. Germination studies showed that insulin, vanadyl sulphate (an insulin mimetic compound), tyrphostin (an inhibitor of insulin receptor kinase activity), pinitol (a chiro inositol analogue) and glucose were able to accelerate Canavalia ensiformis (Jack bean) seedling radicle and epicotyl development. Immunofluorescence microscopy analysis showed that proteins binding to insulin, insulin receptor and phosphoserine antibodies are localized in an internal layer of the C. ensiformis seed coat. These results and others previously reported from our laboratory suggest that insulin, insulin receptor and phosphoserine proteins could be components of signalling pathways akin to those present in animals. 相似文献
15.
Sr 2+ uptake by bean (Phaseolus vulgaris) mitochondria 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
16.
Ignacimuthu S 《Indian journal of experimental biology》2000,38(5):493-498
Agrobacterium mediated transformation of Vigna sesquipedalis was achieved using cotyledonary node explants prepared from 5 days old seedlings germinated on B5 basal medium, and transformed using Agrobacterium tumefaciens strain EHA101, carrying the phosphinothricin-N-acetyltransferase gene and neomycin-3-phosphotransferase-II gene as selectable markers and GUS gene as a screenable marker. Gene transfer was achieved by inoculation of cotyledonary node explants with a bacterial suspension and a further cocultivation with Agrobacterium suspension for 3 days on B5 basal medium. Only 10% of the explants were transformed with EHA101 and exhibited transient expression of GUS genes, while 2% of shoots exhibited stable integration of genes and developed into plants. Transgenic character of tissues was confirmed by GUS assay and Southern analysis. Histological analysis of GUS gene expression directly after cocultivation revealed a high competence of subepidermal cell layers of cotyledonary node and associated cotyledons for transformation with Agrobacterium. 相似文献
17.
18.
Estrogens first appear at the period of flower bud formation and then reach maxima at the time of flower bud development and of pod formation. Four estrogen-like substances were found in the extracts from the flowering beans. 相似文献
19.
- 1.
- 1. The properties of Sr2+ uptake in bean mitochondria are examined and compared with selected properties of Sr2+ uptake in rat liver mitochondria. Uptake with plant mitochondria was dependent on the presence of substrate and Pi and is largely inhibited by 2,4-dinitrophenol or an ATP-generating system. 相似文献
20.
Blair MW Muñoz C Garza R Cardona C 《TAG. Theoretical and applied genetics. Theoretische und angewandte Genetik》2006,112(5):913-923
The bean pod weevil (Apion godmani Wagner) is a serious insect pest of common beans (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) grown in Mexico and Central America that is best controlled by host-plant resistance available in Durango or Jalisco
genotypes such as J-117. Given unreliable infestation by the insect, the use of marker-assisted selection is desirable. In
the present study, we developed a set of nine molecular markers for Apion resistance and mapped them to loci on chromosomes
2, 3, 4 and 6 (linkage groups b01, b08, b07and b11, respectively) based on genetic analysis of an F
5:10 susceptible × resistant recombinant inbred line population (Jamapa × J-117) and two reference mapping populations (DOR364 × G19833
and BAT93 × JaloEEP558) for which chromosome and linkage group designations are known. All the markers were derived from randomly
amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD) bands that were identified through bulked segregant analysis and cloned for conversion to
sequence tagged site (STS) markers. One of the markers was dominant while four detected polymorphism upon digestion with restriction
enzymes. The other markers were mapped as RAPD fragments. Phenotypic data for the population was based on the evaluation of
percentage seed damage in replicated trials conducted over four seasons in Mexico. In single point regression analysis, individual
markers explained from 3.5 to 22.5% of the variance for the resistance trait with the most significant markers overall being
F10-500S, U1-1400R, R20-1200S, W9-1300S and Z4-800S, all markers that mapped to chromosome 2 (b01). Two additional significant
markers, B1-1400R and W6-800R, were mapped to chromosome 6 (b11) and explained from 4.3 to 10.2% of variance depending on
the season. The latter of these markers was a dominant STS marker that may find immediate utility in marker-assisted selection.
The association of these two loci with the Agr and Agm genes is discussed as well as the possibility of additional resistance genes on chromosome 4 (b07) and chromosome 3 (b08).
These are among the first specific markers developed for tagging insect resistance in common bean and are expected to be useful
for evaluating the mechanism of resistance to A. godmani. 相似文献