不同因素对小黄李试管苗增殖与生根的影响

以‘小黄李’砧木的单芽茎段为外植体进行离体培养,研究不同培养基、植物生长调节剂的种类及其浓度、pH值对‘小黄李’增殖与生根的影响。结果表明:较合适的增殖培养基为F14 0.8mg·L-16-BA 0.2mg·L-1NAA 30g·L-1蔗糖 6g·L-1琼脂,pH值5.4~5.8;较合适的生根培养基为改良MS 0.1mg·L-1NAA 0.2mg·L-1IBA 30g·L-1蔗糖 6g·L-1琼脂,生根率达100%,单株平均根数3~4根;以蛭石∶珍珠岩∶泥炭(1∶1∶1)移栽生根苗,成活率达80%以上,实验结果为工厂化育苗生产奠定了基础。     

A histological comparison of the development of pollen and female gametophytes in fertile and sterile Cryptomeria japonica

To determine a possible mechanism causing male and female sterility in Cryptomeria japonica male and female cones were collected from a C. japonica, tree, ShinDai2, that lacks pollen release and fertile seeds and specimens were processed to examine the development of pollen and female gametophytes using light microscopy and field emission scanning electron microscopy. Pre-meiotic development proceeded normally, but the formation of aberrant meiotic products was observed in cones of both sexes. In sterile microsporangia, heterogeneous microspore populations ranging from monads to polyads gave rise to mature pollen grains of non-uniform size. These pollen grains were covered with an amorphous layer and adhered to each other. In addition, they remained in the microsporangia and were not released even after the onset of pollen dissemination from fertile trees. In the ovules of sterile female cones, megaspores with abnormal shapes, numbers, and sizes formed, and the development of female gametophytes was arrested at the free nuclear or archegonium formation stages. These gametophytes collapsed, and no fertile embryo was generated. Results indicate that meiotic defects are important in the sterility mechanism.     

不同种源槜李的RAPD分析及主要农艺性状比较

运用RAPD标记方法对18个槜李(Prunus salicina Lindl. )种源及3个外类群的总基因组DNA进行了PCR扩增,在此基础上采用聚类分析方法对不同种源的遗传关系进行了分析,此外对18个槜李种源果实的主要农艺性状也进行了比较分析.RAPD分析结果表明,用从70条随机引物中筛选出的14条随机引物共扩增出71条带,其中多态性条带29条,多态性条带百分率达40.8%.聚类分析结果表明,在欧氏平方距离0.060处可将18个槜李种源和3个外类群分为7组,其中3个外类群分别单独成组,18个槜李种源可分为4组;姚学明和洪魏3这2个种源分别独立成组,洪魏2、王施、洪彭1、凤表1和凤表2等5个种源聚为一组,其他11个种源为一组.18个槜李种源果皮均为红色,其中深红色和暗红色各占50%;根据果实的成熟期可将18个槜李种源大致分为早熟型和晚熟型,成熟期分别为6月中下旬和7月上中旬;比较而言,早熟型的槜李种源具有单果质量较大、可溶性固形物含量较低、花期早3～4 d等特征.RAPD标记和农艺性状的综合分析结果显示,嘉兴地区的这些槜李种源在栽培过程中产生了突变和分化;姚学明这一种源与大多数槜李种源关系密切,并具有一定的优良特性,可能是1个优良种源,值得进行深入研究.     

中国李种质资源形态性状和农艺性状的遗传多样性分析

以国家果树种质熊岳李杏圃中保存的405份中国李和杂种李为材料,依据32个主要形态性状和农艺性状的评价数据,对这些主要性状进行了遗传多样性、相关性和主成分分析.结果表明,中国李表现出丰富的遗传多样性;从字符型形态和农艺性状数据看,叶形、果形、果皮彩色和果肉色泽等性状均表现出较为丰富的多样性;从数值型形态和农艺性状数据看.各性状的变异系数为47.09%～14.85%;其中单果重的变异系数最大,为47.09%,其变幅为4.50～107.90g.其次是维生素C含量,变异系数为40.44%,变幅为0.80～14.70mg/100g;相关性分析得出,节间长度与一年生枝条长度和可溶性糖含量呈正相关,果实发育期与可溶性固形物和可溶性糖含量也呈正相关,而与可滴定酸和维生素C含量呈负相关.     

Influences of Cross Pollination on Pollen Tube Growth and Fruit Set in Zuili Plums （Prunus salicina）

Zuili plum （Prunus salicina L.） trees usually set fruit poorly, although they produce high quality fruit. To elucidate the causes of the poor fruit set, pollen tube growth into pistils and fruit set percentage were investigated after cross-, self- and open-pollination. Ovule development in Zuili pistils was also investigated. Pollen tube penetration into the ovules via the obturator and micropyle was best when Zuili pistils were pollinated by cv. Black Amber （P. domestica） pollen grains, although cross-pollinations with Hongxinli and Miili （P. salicina） pollen were more effective than self- and open-pollination. The fruit set percentage was also highest in pistils pollinated with Black Amber pollen grains. Morphological observation of Zuili pistils revealed that the trees produce ＂double pistils＂, developing two ovaries from a basal pistil, at a rate as high as 28%. In such abnormal pistils, most ovules were lacking an embryo sac or were entirely degenerated. The percentage of normally developed ovules was 24.3% and 8.9% in normal and double pistils, respectively. From these results, we conclude that the main causes of poor fruit set of Zuili plums are a lack of effective cross-pollination and the production of high percentages of double pistils in which normally developed ovules are scarcely formed.     

黑琥珀李引种试验及栽培技术要点

从生长结果特性、果实经济性状、花果生长物候期及抗逆性等方面,简要介绍黑琥珀李的生物学特性,并总结黑琥珀李的栽培技术。     

中国李PGIP基因的克隆及序列分析

以中国李叶片基因组为模板,PGIP基因保守序列为引物,扩增到1条全长1 192 bp的目的片段(Genbank登录号:DQ200847).序列分析表明:该片段与杏、桃、马哈利樱桃、梅的PGIP基因序列一致度达96%~99%,包含有1个完整的开放阅读框和1个内含子,其编码的氨基酸序列中含有一段典型的亮氨酸重复序列;分子进化分析表明,在分子进化树中,该序列与杏、桃、马哈利樱桃、梅的PGIP序列位于同一类.为植物分子抗病育种提供了1条基因资源.     

‘红叶樱花'的组织培养和快速繁殖

1植物名称‘红叶樱花’（Prunus serrulata Lindl‘Royal Burgundy’）。 2材料类别嫩茎段。     

Organizational differences between cytoplasmic male sterile and male fertile Brassica mitochondrial genomes are confined to a single transposed locus.

Comparison of the physical maps of male fertile (cam) and male sterile (pol) mitochondrial genomes of Brassica napus indicates that structural differences between the two mtDNAs are confined to a region immediately upstream of the atp6 gene. Relative to cam mtDNA, pol mtDNA possesses a 4.5 kb segment at this locus that includes a chimeric gene that is cotranscribed with atp6 and lacks an approximately 1kb region located upstream of the cam atp6 gene. The 4.5 kb pol segment is present and similarly organized in the mitochondrial genome of the common nap B.napus cytoplasm; however, the nap and pol DNA regions flanking this segment are different and the nap sequences are not expressed. The 4.5 kb CMS-associated pol segment has thus apparently undergone transposition during the evolution of the nap and pol cytoplasms and has been lost in the cam genome subsequent to the pol-cam divergence. This 4.5 kb segment comprises the single DNA region that is expressed differently in fertile, pol CMS and fertility restored pol cytoplasm plants. The finding that this locus is part of the single mtDNA region organized differently in the fertile and male sterile mitochondrial genomes provides strong support for the view that it specifies the pol CMS trait.     

Peculiarities of embryonal development in vitro of Brassica napus pollen grains

Literature data concerning the problem of the embryogenesis in microspore cultures of Brassica were reviewed. The influence of stress factors on the microspore cultures was examined. The some cytological and morphological peculiarity microspore entering in the embryogenesis developmental pathway were described.     

新疆重瓣榆叶梅花食用色素提取方法

本文以新疆地产榆叶梅花作实验材料。从浸提剂种类、浸提温度、浸提时间、物料配比以及浸提次数进行了提取方法的比较研究。结果表明：以pH为1—2的无水乙醇为作为浸提剂,按固比1：15投料,在45℃保温浸提两次,每次2小时为最佳提取条件。     

Simple‐sequence repeat (SSR) markers of Japanese plum (Prunus salicina Lindl.) are highly polymorphic and transferable to peach and almond

Thirty‐five polymorphic microsatellites were developed using a CT/AG enriched genomic library of Japanese plum cv. Santa Rosa. Twenty‐seven of them detected a single locus and eight two or more loci. A high level of variability was observed in a set of eight cultivars for the 27 single‐locus microsatellites: 5.7 average number of alleles per locus; 73% mean observed heterozygosity and 74% discrimination power. Most SSRs were transferable to peach (85%) and almond (78%).     

Acid phosphatase changes associated with development of male sterile and fertile maize (Zea mays L.)

Free and bound acid phosphatase were investigated biochemically and electrophoretically in male sterile and fertile plants. Scutella at the 72-hr seedling stage and anthers with enclosed reproductive tissue at the premeiosis, meiosis, and mature developmental stages were tested. Biochemical data show that while the total amount of free acid phosphatase behaved similarly in fertile and sterile plants, specific activities decreased in fertile plants and remained unchanged or increased in sterile plants. Total amounts of bound acid phosphatase increased significantly in fertile plants while specific activities decreased. In sterile anthers both specific activity and amount of bound acid phosphatase decreased significantly (except cms-S). Electrophoretic results indicated that the basic form of the enzyme was very similar in each location.Published with the approval of the Director of the West Virginia Agricultural Experiment Station as Scientific Paper No. 1573. Based in part on a dissertation by C. V. W. submitted to the Division of Plant Science, West Virginia University, Morgantown, West Virginia.