不同时期喷施多效唑对花生生理特性、产量和品质的影响

为确定高产条件下不同花生品种的最佳化控时期,以小花生品种‘花育20’(HY20)和大花生品种‘花育25’(HY25)为试验材料,研究了多效唑(PBZ)不同喷施时期对花生根系活力、叶绿素含量、叶片保护酶和碳、氮代谢酶活性,以及荚果产量和籽仁品质的影响.结果表明:不同时期喷施PBZ均提高了2个品种花生在结荚期的叶绿素含量、根系活力,以及叶片超氧化物歧化酶、过氧化物酶、过氧化氢酶、蔗糖合成酶、蔗糖磷酸合成酶和磷酸烯醇式丙酮酸羧化酶活性,降低了丙二醛(MDA)含量以及硝酸还原酶、谷氨酰胺合成酶、谷氨酸脱氢酶和谷氨酸合成酶活性,且PBZ喷施时间越早效果越明显.在饱果期,HY25的各指标以主茎高25cm时喷施PBZ的效果最好,但HY20在主茎高25 cm时喷施PBZ的保护酶活性降低,化控时间过早导致植株早衰,叶绿素含量、根系活力以及碳代谢酶活性也略低于CK,HY20的指标以主茎高30 cm时喷施PBZ效果最好.适宜时期PBZ处理提高了2个品种的荚果产量和经济系数,提高了脂肪含量和油酸相对含量以及O/L值.高产条件下,HY25和HY20的最适多效唑处理时期分别为花生主茎高25和30 cm左右.     

外源GA和ABA对花生籽仁皱缩变异品系荚果生长的影响

以荚果和籽仁生长发育正常的花生品系‘05D610’及其籽仁皱缩变异系‘05D677’为材料,在荚果膨大阶段初期滴加赤霉素(GA,20mg·L~(-1))和脱落酸(ABA,15 mg·L~(-1))处理幼果,检测荚果生长期间幼果或籽仁内源GA、ABA、ZT(玉米素)和IAA(生长素)含量的变化以及荚果和籽仁的生长量特征,以明确激素含量与荚果和籽仁生长发育的关系和‘05D677’籽仁皱缩的原因。结果显示:(1)外源施加GA处理,可显著提高‘05D610’和‘05D677’的内源GA和ZT含量,并推迟内源IAA含量峰值出现的时间,显著提高‘05D610’荚果和籽仁的鲜重、干重,极显著提高了‘05D677’荚果干重。(2)外源施加ABA处理,使‘05D610’内源GA含量显著降低,‘05D677’内源GA和ABA含量显著提高,同时两品系内源IAA含量峰值出现的时间推迟,使‘05D610’和‘05D677’籽仁干重分别显著和极显著提高。研究表明,用适宜浓度外源GA和ABA处理荚果膨大阶段的初期果针,可以调控荚果膨大阶段幼果或者籽仁中内源激素水平,从而提高花生荚果、籽仁产量;荚果膨大阶段内源GA、ABA和ZT含量不足是导致‘05D677’籽仁皱缩的重要原因。     

植物生长调节剂对薄壳山核桃品种‘波尼’枝条生长和叶片碳氮代谢物积累的影响

以5年生薄壳山核桃品种‘波尼’(Carya illinoinensis‘Pawnee’)幼树为实验材料,根据L_9(3~3)正交试验设计进行3因子(包括植物生长调节剂的种类、质量浓度和喷施次数)3水平(植物生长调节剂分别为GA_3、PP_(333)和6-BA,植物生长调节剂质量浓度分别为100、200和300 mg·L~(-1),植物生长调节剂喷施次数分别为1、2和3)叶面喷施实验,研究不同处理对薄壳山核桃品种‘波尼’枝条生长和叶片碳氮代谢物积累的影响。结果表明:GA_3处理组薄壳山核桃品种‘波尼’枝条长度较CK(对照,蒸馏水喷施3次)组显著增加,其中,T2(200 mg·L~(-1)GA_3喷施2次)处理组的枝条长度最大,较CK组增加了35.7%;PP_(333)处理组的枝条粗度总体上较CK组显著增加,其中,T5(200mg·L~(-1)PP_(333)喷施1次)处理组的枝条粗度最大,较CK组增加了23.8%。处理后30~90 d,所有处理组薄壳山核桃品种‘波尼’枝条叶片中可溶性糖含量均呈逐渐升高的变化趋势,而叶片中淀粉和可溶性蛋白质含量以及C/N比总体上呈先升高后降低的变化趋势。PP_(333)和6-BA处理组叶片中可溶性糖、淀粉和可溶性蛋白质含量以及C/N比总体上显著高于CK组,其中,T5和T6(300 mg·L~(-1)PP_(333)喷施2次)处理组对叶片中可溶性糖和淀粉含量以及C/N比的促进效果较佳,而T4(100 mg·L~(-1)PP_(333)喷施3次)和T8(200 mg·L~(-1)6-BA喷施3次)处理组对叶片中可溶性蛋白质含量的促进效果较佳。极差分析结果表明:植物生长调节剂种类对薄壳山核桃品种‘波尼’枝条长度、叶片中可溶性糖和淀粉含量以及叶片C/N比的影响最大,植物生长调节剂喷施次数对枝条粗度和叶片中可溶性蛋白质含量的影响最大。研究结果显示:叶面喷施200 mg·L~(-1)GA_3对薄壳山核桃品种‘波尼’枝条伸长的促进效果最佳,喷施200 mg·L~(-1)PP_(333)对枝条增粗及叶片碳氮代谢物积累的促进效果最佳。     

两种品质类型花生品质形成与子叶细胞超微结构的关系

在大田条件下研究了两种品质类型花生(Arachis hypogaea)品质形成的动态差异及其子叶细胞超微结构的差异。结果表明, 高蛋白品种‘XB023’的蛋白质含量在籽仁发育前期较高油品种‘鲁花9号’低, 后期显著高于‘鲁花9号’, 且成熟期籽仁8种必需氨基酸组分含量均高于‘鲁花9号’, 其中谷氨酸、赖氨酸和亮氨酸含量差异极显著; ‘XB023’脂肪含量在籽仁发育期一直低于‘鲁花9号’。‘XB023’各时期的籽仁可溶性糖含量和油酸/亚油酸(O/L)值均显著低于‘鲁花9号’。两品种在果针入土10天时子叶细胞即形成淀粉粒、脂体和蛋白体, 随后脂体、蛋白体的数量不断增加, 淀粉粒先增大后逐渐缩小解体。‘XB023’的脂体达到最大的时间早于‘鲁花9号’, 而‘鲁花9号’的脂体快速积累的时间比‘XB023’长。两品种蛋白体大小都在果针入土40天时达到最大值, ‘XB023’的蛋白体在籽仁发育后期数量增加较快。高蛋白品种较高的蛋白质含量由其子叶细胞中较大蛋白体的大小和较多的蛋白体数量决定, 而高油品种较高的脂肪含量是由其较多的脂体数量决定。     

弱光胁迫对花生功能叶片RuBP羧化酶活性及叶绿体超微结构的影响

间作套种是我国主要的花生(Arachis hypogaea)种植方式之一。然而, 与单作相比, 在间作套种体系中, 花生截获的光能较少, 生长发育差, 产量低, 研究不同品种耐阴机理对选择适宜间作套种的花生品种具有重要意义。该研究用耐阴性不同的两个花生品种‘花育22号’ (强耐阴性)和‘白沙1016’ (弱耐阴性)为材料, 在大田条件下采用不同透光率遮阴网设置50%自然光强(中度弱光胁迫)和15%自然光强(严重弱光胁迫) 2个弱光处理, 从出苗期开始遮阴40天, 以自然光强为对照, 研究了弱光胁迫对花生功能叶片RuBP羧化酶活性和叶绿体超微结构的影响。结果表明: 光强为自然光照50%和15%的处理, ‘花育22号’ RuBP羧化酶活性与对照相比虽有降低, 但差异不显著, 而‘白沙1016’分别比对照低40.1%和59.4%, 显著低于对照。与对照相比, 50%自然光强下‘花育22号’叶绿体数不变, 叶绿体基粒数和基粒片层数显著增多, 叶绿体变长且发育完好, 15%自然光强下, 叶绿体数、基粒数和淀粉粒数显著减少, 叶绿体膜和基粒片层出现破损, 但叶绿体变长, 基粒片层数增加; ‘白沙1016’在50%自然光强下, 叶绿体数目和超微结构变化同‘花育22号’相似, 在15%自然光强下叶绿体变圆, 基粒数的降幅和基粒片层破损程度大于‘花育22号’且基粒片层数减少, 淀粉粒数增多。因此, 弱光胁迫特别是严重弱光胁迫条件下, 功能叶RuBP羧化酶活性降低幅度小、叶绿体超微结构受损程度低是‘花育22号’耐阴的光合生理基础。     

高油酸花生新品种宇花91的选育

宇花91是青岛农业大学选育的高油酸花生新品种。以普通油酸含量品种鲁花11号为母本,F435型高油酸花生品种开农1715为父本配置杂交组合。利用PCR产物测序法筛选获得F_1代真杂种,对F_2代单株提取叶片基因组DNA,利用PCR产物测序法筛选基因型纯合的单株个体。对当代收获的单株籽粒利用近红外法多粒模型测定油酸、亚油酸含量,筛选油酸含量在80%以上且油酸亚油酸比值在10.0以上的单株种植成株行,随后利用系谱法进行选择育种。宇花91荚果为普通型小果,网纹较细、较明显,百果重148.06 g,百仁重63.31 g,果皮薄,出米率75.15%。籽仁长椭圆形,种皮粉红色、无裂纹,内种皮白色。籽仁蛋白质含量26.57%,脂肪含量52.72%,油酸含量80.40%,亚油酸含量2.50%,棕榈酸含量5.57%,油酸亚油酸比值32.16。苗期生长旺盛,封垄早,结果集中,中抗叶斑病和青枯病。2017年参加山东省夏播多点试验,平均荚果产量215.79 kg/667 m~2,比对照花育20号增产15.27%;平均籽仁产量157.33kg/667m~2,比对照花育20号增产21.64%。2018年通过国家花生品种登记,登记号:GPD花生(2018) 370210,适于在山东花生产区种植。     

ACC氧化酶基因AhACOs对花生耐盐性的影响

ACC氧化酶(ACC oxidase,ACO)是催化乙烯合成的关键酶之一,乙烯参与植物的盐胁迫反应过程,而盐胁迫严重影响花生产量。本研究通过对AhACOs基因的克隆及功能验证,探究AhACOs在花生盐胁迫响应中的生物学功能,为花生耐盐品种的选育提供基因资源。以花生耐盐突变体M29的cDNA为模板扩增得到基因AhACO1和AhACO2,与植物表达载体pCAMBIA super1300重组后,通过农杆菌介导的花粉管注射法将重组质粒转化到花育22号中。收获后切取籽仁远胚端部分子叶,利用PCR检测筛选阳性籽仁。利用qRT-PCR分析AhACOs基因表达量,通过毛细管柱气相色谱法检测植株的乙烯释放量。阳性籽仁和对照籽仁种植21 d后浇盐水,观察其表型变化。结果发现,盐胁迫后,转基因植株生长状况好于对照组花育22号,并且其叶绿素相对含量SPAD(soil and plant analyzer development)值和净光合速率(net photosynthesis rate,Pn)均高于对照组花生。另外,AhACO1和AhACO_(2)转基因植株的乙烯释放量分别为对照组花生的2.79倍和1.87倍。这些结果表明AhACO1和AhACO2可显著提高花生的耐盐能力。     

叶面喷施硒肥对3个葡萄品种果实产量、品质和硒含量的影响

以‘红芭拉蒂’、 ‘夏黑’、 ‘户太8号’3个葡萄品种为材料,研究叶面喷施有机硒肥对温室葡萄品质和硒含量的影响。结果表明: 在果实幼果期和膨大期,叶面喷施12 mg·L^-1氨基酸螯合态富硒叶面肥不仅能使葡萄果实产量和硒含量显著提高,还能显著提高各品种葡萄果实综合品质(可溶性糖、有机酸、可溶性蛋白质、可溶性固形物、Vc和原花青素等),但白藜芦醇未显著提高。各品种中,2017和2018年夏黑的硒含量较对照分别增加36.7%和37.1%,其增幅高于红芭拉蒂和户太8号;施硒组红芭拉蒂以高糖低酸的口感及高保健成分在品质综合比较中表现较优;2018年施硒的户太8号硒含量为53.26 μg·kg^-1,显著高于其他品种,硒富集能力较强。因此,夏黑硒含量增幅较大;红芭拉蒂在营养价值和品质上表现较优;户太8号适合富硒葡萄生产。     

5-氨基乙酰丙酸(ALA)对盐胁迫下葡萄叶片中AsA-GSH循环的影响

以两个耐盐程度不同的葡萄品种‘夏黑’(耐盐性较弱)和‘里扎马特’(耐盐性较强)为材料,分析了不同浓度ALA对不同浓度盐胁迫下葡萄叶片中AsA-GSH循环的影响。研究表明:喷施75 mg·L-1 ALA可显著提高2 g·kg-1盐胁迫下‘夏黑’葡萄叶片中抗坏血酸过氧化物酶(APX)、谷胱甘肽还原酶(GR)、单脱氢抗坏血酸还原酶(MDHAR)、脱氢抗坏血酸还原酶(DHAR)的活性以及还原型抗坏血酸(As A)、还原型谷胱甘肽(GSH)含量和AsA/DHA、GSH/GSSG比值,显著降低氢抗坏血酸(DHA)与氧化型谷胱甘肽(GSSG)含量;而喷施150 mg·L-1 ALA可显著提高4 g·kg-1盐胁迫下‘里扎马特’葡萄叶片中APX、GR、MDHAR、DHAR的活性以及AsA、GSH含量和AsA/DHA、GSH/GSSG比值,显著降低DHA与GSSG含量。     

多效唑对不同品质类型花生产量、品质及相关酶活性的影响

选用高蛋白品种KB008（KB008）、高脂肪品种花17(H17)和高油酸/亚油酸（O/L）品种农大818（818）,在大田栽培条件下,研究了盛花后期叶面喷施多效唑(PBZ)对不同品质类型花生产量、品质及相关碳、氮代谢酶活性的影响.结果表明：喷施PBZ显著增加了3种品质类型花生荚果产量,原因是增加了单株结果数,降低了千克果数而提高了双仁果率.喷施PBZ不同程度地提高了3种类型花生籽仁脂肪和可溶性糖含量,降低了蛋白质含量,显著增加了高脂肪品种H17的O/L值.PBZ使高O/L值品种818的脂肪含量增加显著,同时其蛋白质含量显著降低,而对其他两品种的蛋白质和脂肪含量影响较小.喷施PBZ均降低了3种类型花生结荚期叶片硝酸还原酶（NR）活性及结荚期和饱果期叶片谷氨酰胺合成酶和谷氨酸脱氢酶活性,818的3种酶活性降低幅度最大,KB008和H17的酶活性降幅较小;喷施PBZ均降低了3种类型花生结荚期和饱果期叶片谷草转氨酶和谷丙转氨酶活性.说明氮代谢酶活性的降低是喷施PBZ降低3种类型花生籽仁蛋白质含量的主要原因.喷施PBZ均提高了3品种结荚期和饱果期叶片蔗糖合成酶和磷酸蔗糖合成酶活性,其中显著提高了818的2种酶活性,而对KB008和H17的活性提高不显著;喷施PBZ提高了3品种结荚期和饱果期的磷酸烯醇式丙酮酸羧化酶和1,5-二磷酸核酮糖羧化酶活性,其中对818在结荚期的活性提高最显著,对H17活性提高较小.碳代谢酶活性的增强是喷施PBZ提高花生籽仁脂肪含量的生理基础.     

降水对鄂尔多斯高原克隆植物分布的影响

鄂尔多斯高原地处半干旱区到干旱区的过渡带。通过沿鄂尔多斯高原从东到西的天然降水梯度的样带调查,分析了克隆植物的分布特征与降水的关系。结果表明:克隆植物的物种数量、占物种总数的比例和重要值以及根状茎型克隆植物的物种数量均与降水量呈显著正相关。5种优势植物克氏针茅、本氏针茅、黑沙蒿、赖草和短花针茅均为克隆植物,它们的分布也受降水影响。克氏针茅的密度、本氏针茅的盖度和密度、黑沙蒿的高度、盖度和密度以及赖草的高度均与降水量呈显著正相关。然而,赖草的盖度以及短花针茅的高度、盖度和密度均与降水量成负相关。因此,克隆植物在鄂尔多斯高原植被中具有重要作用,而且其作用随着降水量的增加而加强。     

The effect of competition and edaphic conditions on the establishment of halophytes on brine effected soils

In order to test the feasibility of using native halophytes to reclaim brinecontaminated soil, seedlings of five inland halophytes, Atriplexprostrata, Hordeum jubatum, Salicornia europaea, Spergularia marina, and Suaeda calceoliformis, were planted at threedensities on a site near Athens, Ohio which had been contaminated by oilwell brine water. Ten replicates of each density treatment weretransplanted on two distinct areas of high and low salinity in May of 1993. Seedling survivorship, soil moisture, and soil salinity were monitored weeklythroughout the growing season. Biomass production and ion uptake weredetermined for each plant surviving until harvest. Soil analyses wereperformed prior to planting and after harvest to determine overall changesin soil chemistry and to determine the amount of Na⁺ reductionfrom the soil due to leaching by precipitation during the course of theexperiment. Survival was determined to be density independent for all ofthe species with the exception of S. marina where survival wasfacilitated at high density. Increased salinity negatively affected the survivaland yield of A. prostrata. The remaining species had greater survivalunder high salinity conditions, and density appeared to be the key factorinfluencing yield. Sodium and chloride ions were accumulated in planttissues in much greater amounts than K⁺, Ca⁺²or Mg⁺². Salicornia europaea plants grown in high densityon the high salinity site accumulated the highest amount of Na⁺ andH. jubatum grown in low density on the high salinity site accumulatedthe lowest amount of Na⁺. Soil salinities measured directly from theroot zone were significantly reduced (p<0.05) at the end of thegrowing season when compared to their controls. Atriplex prostrata(high density/low salinity) plots produced the greatest reduction in soilsalinity (15.8%) and S. marina (high density/high salinity) plots hadthe least reduction (1.2%).     

Structures of acidic O-linked polylactosaminoglycans on human skim milk mucins

O-Linked glycans were isolated from human skim milk mucins or mucin-derived high-molecular weight glycopeptides and fractionated by anion exchange chromatography into neutral and acidic alditols. Major oligosaccharides contained in the acidic fraction were purified by high performance liquid chromatography and structurally characterized by a combination of fast atom bombardment mass spectrometry, methylation analysis and 500 MHz 1H-nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy. The structural aspects exhibited by these major species in the acidic fraction resemble those established previously for the neutral oligosaccharides from human skim milk mucins: 1) the size of the alditols varies from tri- to decasaccharides, 2) the core structure is of the ubiquitous type 2, 3) the backbone sequences are of the poly-N-acetyllactosamine type with a particular preponderance of linearly extended GlcNAc beta(1-3)Gal (major) or GlcNAc beta(1-6)Gal units (minor).     

Dry deposition of pollutants and effects on vegetation

Summary Dry deposition of gases and airborne particles is reviewed in particular relation to their interaction with vegetation. Once deposited, pollutants overcome the system of resistances (air, cuticular, stomatal and mesophyll) and penetrate key physiological points that affect the plant's biochemistry. Strong relationships have been found between gases in the environment and the chlorophyll content of leaves, production and partitioning of dry matter, relative growth rate and net assimilation rate. Physical modes of dry deposition involving anthropogenic pollutants present in the surface layer and micrometeorological conditions allowing their diffusion in the canopy are also discussed, with emphasis on measurement techniques.     

Relative susceptibility to predation of two species of caterpillar on plantain

Summary The relative susceptibility to predators of a cryptic generalist caterpillar (Spilosoma congrua: Arctiidae) and a non-cryptic specialist (Junonia coenia: Nymphalidae) using the same hostplant species (Plantago lanceolata) was examined. In a laboratory experiment using predatory stinkbugs (Podisus maculiventris), more Junonia caterpillars than Spilosoma caterpillars were killed (70% vs. 16%). This result was a consequence of the Spilosoma spending some time under cover, moving frequently, feeding on leaves while under or adjacent to them, and spending little time on the leaves. In a field experiment using predatory wasps (Polistes fuscatus), the wasps found 7 times as many of the Junonia as the Spilosoma, and overall 6 times as many Junonia were killed as Spilosoma. Initially, 71% of the Junonia caterpillars encountered by wasps were killed, but by the fourth day of the test, only 22% of the Junonia encountered by wasps were killed. Over three full days of observations, a constant 50% of the Spilosoma caterpillars encountered by the wasps per day were killed. For the Junonia, evasion of predators rested on passive chemical defense. For the Spilosoma, evasion depended on being unapparent, speedy movement between feeding and resting sites and, if found, on fleeing immediately and quickly. These results indicate that Spilosoma caterpillars, by way of cryptic and escape behaviors, can be less susceptible to insect predators than Junonia caterpillars.     

Effect of algalization on seed germination of vegetable crops

Soaking seeds of cucumber and pumpkin with an extract of Westiellopsis prolifica, an N₂-fixing cyanobacterium, promoted germination and their subsequent growth and development. An extract of Lyngbya sp., a non-N₂-fixing cyanobacterium, had no significant effect.The authors are with the Algal Physiology Laboratory, Department of Botany, Berhampur University, Berhampur-760007, Orissa, India.     

In vitro studies on the effects of fungicides on beneficial fungi of peach twig mycoflora

In vitro studies were carried out to investigate a possible integrated use of chemical and biological means to control the peach twig blight pathogen,Monilinia laxa. Three fungal antagonists ofM. laxa (Penicillium purpurogenum, Penicillium frequentans andEpicoccum nigrum) and six fungicides (vinclozolin, iprodione, thiram, captan, benomyl and thiophanate-methyl) were used in the study. Sensitivity of the fungal isolates to the fungicides was determined in vitro by calculating ED50 values. Benomyl and thiophanate-methyl were the most fungitoxic compounds and captan was the least fungitoxic.M. laxa andP. purpurogenum were the most sensitive to all chemicals tested, whileE. nigrum andP. frequentans presented bigger differences in their sensitivity to chemicals compared toM. laxa. E. nigrum was consistently less sensitive to benomyl (ED50=2.26 ppm), thiophanate-methyl (ED50=9.61 ppm) and vinclozolin (ED50=3.89 ppm) than the other fungi.P. frequentans was less sensitive to captan, vinclozolin, iprodione, thiophanate-methyl and thiram thanM. laxa (8, 7, 5, 4 and 2 times respectively). These results suggest thatE. nigrum andP. frequentans could be successfully used in an integrated control programme that combines biological and chemical methods.     

Distribution of VA mycorrhiza on halophytes on inland salt playas

The value of mycorrhizal association for higher plants has been well established. However, the impact of high salinity on the mycorrhizal relationship has not been investigated to any great extent. Inland salt playas represent an opportunity to test the impact of salinity because it is possible to obtain a gradient by following a transect from the centre of the salt playa to the higher outer zones. In a salt playa near Goshen, Utah, the sodium concentration ranged from 27,150 ppm in the centre to 25 ppm in the outer zone. In the playas with sodium concentrations of 20,000 ppm, no mycorrhiza were detected on the halophytes and no spores of mycorrhizal fungi were found in the soil. One percent of the roots of salt grass in soils containing 8,450 ppm of sodium were mycorrhizal. In soils containing 622 ppm of 45 percent of the roots of a salt-tolerant grass (hybrid ofAgropyron repens × Agropyron spicatum) were mycorrhizal. Halophytes such asSalicornia pacifica var.utahensis which are among the most salt tolerant halophytes of the inland salt playas rarely had mycorrhizal roots. The mycorrhizal associations appear to be very limited in inland salt playas with sodium content.     

Preliminary studies on the mechanisms of action of phosphonic analogues of morphactins on plants and bacteria

Two classes of phosphonopeptides, those containing P-terminal 9-aminofluoren-9-ylphos-phonic acid and those of dialkyl 9-aminofluoren-9-ylphosphine oxides, influence plant growth according to different mechanisms. The effect of these compounds on the growth of several bacterial species, including the photosynthetic bacteriumRhodospirillum rubrum, as well as on the activity of photosystems 1 and 2 in isolatedPisum sativum andSpirodela oligorrhiza chloroplasts was studied. The peptides of free, unblocked 9-aminofluoren-9-ylphosphonic acid acted in a morphactin-like manner, whereas those of dialkyl 9-aminofluoren-9-ylphosphine oxides influenced photosynthesis indirectly.     

A comparative study on the influence of manganese on the bactericidal response of marine invertebrates

Manganese, Mn, is a naturally abundant metal in marine sediments. During hypoxic conditions the metal converts into a bioavailable state and can reach levels that have been shown immunotoxic to the crustacean Nephrops norvegicus. For this species it has previously been shown that exposure to 15 mg L⁻¹ of Mn decreased the number of circulating haemocytes while it for the echinoderm Asterias rubens increased the number of coelomocytes. Here, we compared if five days of exposure to the same concentration of Mn affects the bactericidal capacity of these two species and the mollusc Mytilus edulis when inoculated with the bacterium Vibrio parahaemolyticus. Viable counts of the bacteria were investigated at a time-course post-injection in the blood and the digestive glands of Mn-exposed and un-exposed (controls) animals. Accumulation of Mn was also analyzed in these tissues. When exposed to Mn the haemocyte numbers were significantly reduced in M. edulis and it was shown that the bactericidal capacity was impaired in the mussels as well as in N. norvegicus. This was most obvious in the digestive glands. These two species also showed the highest accumulation of the metal. In A. rubens the bactericidal capacity was not affected and the metal concentration was similar to the exposure concentration. After a recovery period of three days the concentration of Mn was significantly reduced in all three species. However, in M. edulis and N. norvegicus it was still double that of A. rubens which could explain the remaining bactericidal suppression observed in N. norvegicus. This study pointed out that exposure to such Mn-levels that are realistic to find in nature could have effects on the whole organism level, in terms of susceptibility to infections. The effect seemed associated to the accumulated concentration of Mn which differed on species level.