LICHENOPELTELLA COPPINSII,A NEW SPECIES ON VERRUCARIA MURALIS FROM THE BRITISH ISLES

Lichenopeltella coppinsii Earland-Bennett & D. Hawksw. is described as a new species growing on Verrucaria muralis in Norfolk. It is compared with other species of the genus occurring on pyrenocarpous lichens in particular, and is close to the species informally called ‘L. hydrophila R. Sant.’, a name that has never been validly published.     

A re-evaluation of Melanospora Gorda and similar Pyrenomycetes, with a revision of the British species

A re-evaluation of Melanospora Corda and similar genera is presented, based mainly on new data obtained by SEM examination of the ascospores. Eight genera are accepted: Melanospora (nine British species, including M. longisetosa P. Cannon & D. Hawksw.), Persiciospora P. Cannon & D. Hawksw. (including P. moreaui P. Cannon & D. Hawsksw. and P. masonii (Kirschst.) P. Cannon & D. Hawksw.), Phaeostoma (one species), Scopinella (four species; two in the British Isles), Sphaerodes (six species, including S. beatonii (D. Hawksw.) P. Cannon & D. Hawksw., 5. compressa (Udagawa & Cain) P. Cannon & D. Hawksw., S.fimicola (Hansen) P. Cannon & D. Hawksw., S. perplexa (D. Hawksw.) P. Cannon & D. Hawksw., S. retispora (Udagawa & Cain) P. Cannon & D. Hawksw., 5. retispora var. inferior (Udagawa & Cain) P. Cannon & D. Hawksw.; two in the British Isles), Sphaeronaemella (one species, not known in Britain), Syspastospora P. Cannon & D. Hawksw. (one species, S. parasitica (Tul.) P. Cannon & D. Hawksw.) and Viennotidea P. Cannon & D. Hawksw. (four species, including V.fmicola (Marchal) P. Cannon & D. Hawksw., V. humicola (Samson & W. Gams) P. Cannon & D. Hawksw., V. spermosphaerici (Malloch) P. Cannon & D. Hawksw., and V. raphani (Malloch) P. Cannon & D. Hawksw.; one in the British Isles).     

Occurrence and chemical diversity of the genus Bryoria in the Sučí Potok Valley, Veporské Vrchy Mountains (Central Slovakia)

Four species of the genus, Bryoria were found in the Sučí Potok Valley: B. capilaris (Ach.) Brodo & D. Hawksw., B. fuscescens (Gyeln.) Brodo & D. Hawksw., B. implexa (Hoffm.) Brodo & D. Hawksw., B. nadvornikiana (Gyeln.) Brodo & D. Hawksw. The most common species in the valley was B. implexa. Four chemotypes of this lichen were recognized.     

DERMATOCARPON LEPTOPHYLLODESAND RELATED SPECIES IN THE BRITISH ISLES

The species ofDermatocarponoccurring in the British Isles are reviewed, with special reference to the hydrophilous species; a number of related species not yet recorded for the British Isles are also briefly treated.Dermatocarpon deminuensandD. leptophyllodesare confirmed as British; the nameD. leptophyllumshould be deleted from the British list. The nameD. meiophyllumis shown to be based on discordant elements. A key is provided to the British and Irish species.     

Economic importance of black tree lichen (Bryoria fremontii) to the Indians of western North America

Bryoria fremontii (Tuck.) Brodo & D. Hawksw. (syn.Alectoria fremontii Tuck.) was an important source of food for the interior Indian peoples of western North America from northern British Columbia to northern California. It and related species were also used as materials for clothing and medicine and are known to appear in native mythical traditions. The extent of the use of this lichen and the means of its collection and preparation are detailed in this paper.     

Astrosphaeriella Sydow, a misunderstood genus of melanommataceous pyrenomycetes

The genus Astrosphaeriella Sydow has been regarded as a synonym of Microthelia Körber in recent surveys of bitunicate pyrenomycetes. The structure of the ascomata and the presence of trabeculate pseudoparaphyses show that it belongs to the series of melanommataceous pyrenomycetes and is unrelated to the pleosporaceous taxa commonly referred to Microthelia. All taxa which have been referred to Astrosphaeriella, Astrotheca , or Asterotheca are revised and four species accepted: A. aosimensis Hino & Katumoto, A. stellata (Pat.) Sacc., A. trochus (Penzig & Sacc.) D. Hawksw. and A. venezuelensis Barr & D. Hawksw. As circumscribed here, the genus is exclusively tropical, comprising species characteristically occurring on petioles of palms and bamboo culms. Notes on excluded taxa are provided and the new combination Mycomicrothelia inaequalis (Fabre) D. Hawksw. is made.     

Proposal of a new genus,Doorochen (Digenea: Lepocreadioidea), for reef-inhabiting members of the genus Postlepidapedon Zdzitowiecki, 1993

A new genus, Doorochen n. gen., is erected for four species of Postlepidapedon Zdzitowiecki, 1993, all of which inhabit members of the labroid genus Choerodon Bleeker, the tuskfishes, and which molecular phylogenies have indicated are not congeneric with the type-species, P. opisthobifurcatum (Zdzitowiecki, 1990) Zdzitowiecki, 1993. Doorochen secundum (Durio & Manter, 1968) n. comb. from Choerodon graphicus (De Vis), the Graphic tuskfish, from the Great Barrier Reef (GBR) and New Caledonia is designated the type-species of the new genus. Other species recognised are Doorochen spissum (Bray, Cribb & Barker, 1997) n. comb. from C. venustus (De Vis), the Venus tuskfish, C. cyanodus (Richardson), the Blue tuskfish, and C. graphicus from the GBR; D. uberis (Bray, Cribb & Barker, 1997) n. comb. from C. schoenleinii (Valenciennes), the Blackspot tuskfish, and C. venustus from the GBR and Moreton Bay; and D. philippinense (Machida, 2004) n. comb. from C. anchorago (Bloch), the Orange-dotted tuskfish, from Philippine waters. In addition to these four species, two new species are described: D. zdzitowieckii n. sp. from C. fasciatus (Günther), the Harlequin tuskfish, and C. graphicus from the GBR; and D. goorchana n. sp. from C. anchorago from the GBR and Palau. The genus Postlepidapedon is now considered to comprise just two species, P. opisthobifurcatum and P. quintum Bray & Cribb, 2001. The relationships of Doorochen, Postlepidapedon, Myzoxenus Manter, 1934 and Intusatrium Durio & Manter, 1968 in the family Lepidapedidae Yamaguti, 1958 are discussed.     

Three new species of the genus Dactylospora in Spain

Three species of the genus Dactylospora, D. crassa Sarrión & Hafellner,D. mediterranea Sarrión & Hafellner, and D. pseudourceolata Sarrión & Hafellner are described as new from Spain. The morphology, anatomy, and ecology of the three taxa are discussed. A key to the SpanishDactylospora species is provided.     

A revision of the chigger mite genus Paratrombicula Goff & Whitaker, 1984 (Acari: Trombiculidae), with the description of two new species

The monotypic chigger mite genus Paratrombicula Goff & Whitaker, 1984 is expanded to include five species. Two new species of chiggers, parasitising iguanid lizards in Chile, Paratrombicula chilensis n. sp. and P. goffi n. sp., are described, and two species, P. neuquenensis (Goff & Gettinger, 1995) n. comb. and Paratrombicula plaumanni (Brennan & Jones, 1964) n. comb., are transferred to this genus from Parasecia Loomis, 1966 and Neotrombicula Hirst, 1925, respectively. A key to the species of Paratrombicula is presented.     

Three new species of Metalasia (Asteraceae–Gnaphalieae) from the Western Cape and an updated key to the genus

Three new species of Metalasia from the Western Cape of South Africa are described; Metalasia tristis A.Bengtson & P.O.Karis, a small shrublet from the Groot Winterhoek Mountains, and Metalasia formosa A.Bengtson & P.O.Karis and Metalasia eburnea A.Bengtson & P.O.Karis both found in the Langeberg Mountains. The morphology and relationships of the three new species are discussed, and an updated key to the genus is provided.     

STEINIA AUSTRALIS,A NEW SPECIES IN THE LICHEN FAMILY APHANOPSIDACEAE

Steinia australis Kantvilas & P. M. McCarthy is described, based on a specimen from Tasmania. The new species, the second in the genus and only the third in the family Aphanopsidaceae, differs from S. geophana by its larger ascospores, well-developed exciple and scurfy, leprose thallus.     

Dicyclina sampoi n. sp., a larger foraminifer from the Cenomanian of Zagros Range (SW Iran)

Dicyclina sampoi, a new larger foraminifer from the Middle to Upper Cenomanian of Zagros Range (SW Iran), is described. Although the general chamber structures ofD. sampoi and of the European Dicyclinas(D. schlumbergeri Munier-Chalmas,D. simplex Cherchi & Schroeder) are largely identical, some differences indicate a polyphyletic origin of this genus.     

Two new species of Polystachya Hook. (Orchidaceae) from Africa

Two new species of Polystachya Hook. are described and illustrated: Polystachya rydingii Baranow & Mytnik occurring from the Democratic Republic of Congo and P. sosefii Baranow & Mytnik from Cameroon. The species belong to the section Polystachya Kraenzl., which is the only pantropical section in the genus. Maps of the distribution for the new species and their closest relatives and a brief discussion with notes on their habitat, ecology, and altitude are provided.     

Le genre Petrascula Gümbel 1873, algue dasycladacée: Émendation,révision des espèces du genre,création de nouvelles espèces

The genus Petrascula has not been reviewed since J. Pia in 1920. At present, seven species are attributed to this genus. Different characteris have been used to define it by the authors. After abundant sampling in the Upper Kimmeridgian or the Southern Jura Mountains, the species-type has been reviewed and divided in two species, the second one named: Petrascula guembeli nov. sp.An other level of Portlandian age, in the same azea, is very rich in Petrascula piaiBachmayer, 1944. This species which has not been observed since that time is here reviewed. Associated with this species, a new one was found and described Petrascula? bugesiaca nov. sp., in spite a doubtful genus attribution.So many different species allow the review and emendation of the genus Petrascula. Then, the other species of the genus: P. globosa (Alth) P. herakiSokac & Nikler, P. illyricaSokac & Nikler, are discussed using the new definition.     

新疆北部小孢发属地衣初步研究

新疆北部山脉生态环境多样,是地衣生长分布的理想区域。作者根据多年的实地调查和前人研究资料,对新疆北部小孢发属（Bryoria Brodo＆D．Hawksw．）地衣的种类及其分布、地理成分和垂直分布进行了初步研究。结果表明,分布在新疆北部的小孢发属地衣共有10种,它们分别是钢灰小孢发B．chalybeiformis（L．）Brodo＆D．Hawksw．、刺小孢发B．cortfusa（D．D．Awasthi）Brodo＆D．Hawksw．、叉小孢发B．furcellata（Fr．）Brodo＆D．Hawksw．、暗褐小孢发B．知伽cem（Gyeln．）Brodo＆D．Hawksw．、绵毛小孢发B．1anestris（Ach．）Brodo＆D．Hawksw．、B．nadvornikiana（Gyeln．）Brodo＆D．Hawksw．、光亮小孢发B．nhidula（1’h．Fr．）Brodo＆D．Hawksw．、假暗褐小孢发B．pseudofuscescens（Gyeln．）Brodo＆D．Hawksw．、单一小孢发B．simplicior（Vain．）Brodo＆D．Hawksw．及毛状小孢发原亚种B．trichodesssp．trichodes（Michx．）Brodo＆D．Hawksw．等,主要分布在天山和阿勒泰山。新疆北部小孢发属地衣可划分为3种地理成分：（1）环北极-高山种Bryonachalybeiformis、鼠nhidula、且furcellata;（2）环低北极及北方种B．simplicior;（3）环北方种B．加唧cew、B．1anestris、B．nadvornikiana、B．pseudofuscescens。阿勒泰山和天山的小孢发属地衣具明显的垂直分布差异。     

Before it is too late: description of a new genus and species of butterfly from a highly threatened Brazilian biome

A new genus, Nhambikuara Freitas, Barbosa & Zacca gen. nov., and species, Nhambikuara cerradensis Freitas, Barbosa & Zacca sp. nov., of the highly diverse Neotropical butterfly subtribe Euptychiina are described. Nhambikuara cerradensissp. nov. is the type species for the genus, and Euptychia mima Butler, 1867 is also transferred to the new genus, as Nhambikuara mima (Butler, 1867) comb. nov., from the genus Zischkaia Forster, 1964. The taxonomy, phylogenetic relationships, geographic distribution and natural history of species of the genus are also discussed.http://zoobank.org/urn:lsid:zoobank.org:pub:41AD7568-3490-4F63-A019-32D5592A8C44     

Psednotrichia perennis (Asteraceae,Senecioneae): A new species from the Huila plateau,Angola

The genus Psednotrichia (Asteraceae–Senecioneae) is endemic to Angola and currently consists of two annual species, P. xyridopsis (O. Hoffm.) Anderb. & P. O. Karis, and P. newtonii (O. Hoffm.) Anderb. & P. O. Karis. A perennial member of the genus was collected on a recent field trip to Angola, and is here described as P. perennis N. G. Bergh & B. Nord., sp. nov. A key to the three species is provided.