从矿化的骨组织中提取骨细胞的总RNA

描述了两个从以含大量羟基磷灰石（钙）和细胞密度、数量甚低为特点的矿化的成年骨组织（成年大鼠颅骨）提取总RNA的改进方法.紫外分光光度法（A₂₆₀、A₂₈₀和A₂₃₀）和1%甲醛变性琼脂糖凝胶电泳予以鉴定.进而以其逆转录的cDNA为模板扩增出β-actin和BMP-2基因,均表明所得总RNA完整和模板活性俱佳.每克骨组织中总RNA产量为560 μg.     

一种改进的异硫氰酸胍法结合硅胶膜离心吸附柱提取孕妇外周血微量胎儿RNA的方法

孕妇外周血中存在胎儿RNA为无创性产前诊断提供了基础.但血液中富含RNA酶和微量胎儿RNA的特点,对从孕妇血浆中提取胎儿RNA带来困难. 我们以ε血红蛋白基因和胎盘特异表达基因4（PLAC4）mRNA作为研究对象,用改进的异硫氰酸胍法结合硅胶膜离心吸附柱法探索孕妇外周血中胎儿微量RNA的提取方法,获得满意效果. 30例孕妇和9例非孕妇外周血样品中总RNA经凝胶电泳测定显示3条带,分别为28S, 18S和 5.8S. 其28S条带亮度为18S亮度的2倍.总RNA质量浓度（A260／A280）为1.97 g/L,光密度比值(A260-A320）/（A280- A 320）为1.86. 30例孕妇外周血样本有7例提取到ε血红蛋白基因mRNA,ε血红蛋白基因 mRNA 的最小浓度为0.537 μg/mL,最大浓度为1.79 μg/mL,ε血红蛋白基因mRNA的浓度中位数为124 μg/mL. 30例孕妇外周血样本提取到PLAC4 基因mRNA,浓度最小值为2.105×103 copies/mL,最大值为12.760×103 copies/mL,而9例非孕妇中均未提取到（P＜0.01）,浓度中位数为6.612×103 copies/mL. 因此,改进的异硫氰酸胍法与硅胶膜离心吸附柱纯化法相结合,可有效抑制RNA降解,用于提取、纯化孕妇血液中微量胎儿RNA.     

檀香心材总RNA提取方法的比较研究

为筛选檀香心材总RNA提取方法,对5种提取方法进行比较研究,包括Trizol法、改良CTAB法、SDS酸酚法、异硫氰酸胍-CTAB法、异硫氰酸胍-SDS法。结果表明,Trizol法和异硫氰酸胍-CTAB法不能提取出檀香心材总RNA,而SDS酸酚法、改良CTAB法和异硫氰酸胍-SDS法均能提取檀香心材总RNA。SDS酸酚法的A260 nm/A230 nm小于2.0,且RNA产率低,仅为(27.94±1.06)μg g–1,不能满足后续实验要求。而改良CTAB法和异硫氰酸胍-SDS法提取的总RNA带型清晰,完整性好,A260 nm/A280 nm为1.8~2.0,A260 nm/A230 nm大于2.0,RNA产率分别为(79.06±4.22)和(107.00±1.36)μg g–1。分别以改良CTAB法和异硫氰酸胍-SDS法提取的总RNA为模板,通过RT-PCR反应,扩增檀香Actin基因片段,结果二者扩增产物大小相同且条带单一,说明改良CTAB法与异硫氰酸胍-SDS法为檀香心材总RNA提取的较好方法。     

竞争性RT-PCR测定法及BMP-2mRNA的定量检测

建立竞争性 PCR方法 ,以期用于转录水平基因表达的定量研究 .以检测大鼠颅骨骨细胞总RNA中骨形态发生蛋白 - 2 ( BMP- 2 ,bone morphogenetic protein- 2 ) m RNA含量为例 ,构建大鼠BMP- 2基因的竞争模板 ,以之为内对照进行竞争性 PCR.PCR反应结束后 ,电泳、拍照 ,扫描所扩增条带密度 ,作回归方程 .根据回归方程 ,计算出正常 7d Wistar大鼠颅骨总 RNA中 BMP- 2 m RNA含量为 1 .1 2 5amol/μg RNA.结果显示 ,成功构建了大鼠 BMP- 2基因的竞争模板 ,建立了可以测定大鼠颅骨骨细胞总 RNA中 BMP- 2 m RNA含量的竞争性 PCR方法 .     

铁皮石斛花总RNA提取方法的比较研究

为筛选铁皮石斛(Dendrobiumofficinale)花总RNA提取方法,对8种提取方法进行了比较研究,包括改良CTAB-LiCl法(M1)、改良CTAB-异丙醇法(M2)、改良SDS-LiCl法(M3)、改良SDS-异丙醇法(M4)、多糖多酚植物RNA提取试剂盒法(M5)、柱式植物RNAout 2.0试剂盒法(M6)、RNAprep Pure多糖多酚植物总RNA提取试剂盒法(M7)和Biospin多糖多酚植物总RNA提取试剂盒法(M8)。结果表明,以M4和M5提取的总RNA带型清晰,完整性好,A260 nm/A280 nm为1.8～2.0,A260 nm/A230 nm大于2.0,RNA产率分别为(159.45±1.45)和(170.84±3.53)μg/g。利用M4、M5提取霍山石斛、金钗石斛、鼓槌石斛和美花石斛花的总RNA,样品的完整性、浓度和纯度均符合质量要求。以M4、M5提取的铁皮石斛总RNA为模板,扩增Actin基因片段,扩增产物大小与预期一致且条带单一。这说明M4、M5方法操作简便,结果重复性好,能够较好地提取石斛属植物花的总RNA。     

大鼠脑cDNA文库的构建

采用简单高效的cDNA合成技术制备Wistar大鼠脑cDNA基因文库,以纯化的poly( A)⁺－RNA为模板,含Not I切点的oligo－（dT）15为引物,在反转录酶的作用下,合成第一股单链cDNA;用E.coli RNase H除去模板RNA,并以E.coli DNA聚合酶Ｉ,E.coli DNA连接酶和T4 DNA聚合酶催化合成cDNA第二条链,即成为双链cDNA;此双股cDNA除0．5μg用于插入pSPORT I载体,转入E.coli DH5a,建成cDNA文库外,其余保存在－20℃,以此cDNA为模板,应用PCR方法,先后克隆了谷氨酸脱羧酶（GAD,1800bp）、神经元特异性烯醇化酶（NSE,1340bp）,甲状腺激素受体（T3－receptor,1230bp）、胆囊收缩素（CCK,345bp）的全编码基因．     

盐生肉质化植物海马齿(Sesuvium portulacastrum L.)中总RNA提取方法的优化

以海马齿为材料,分别用CrAB法、SDS法、Trizol方法以及改进的CTAB法提取其总RNA,并比较了各RNA的产率、纯度和完整性等.结果表明,改进的CrAB法对海马齿总RNA的提取有较好的效果.所得总RNA的28S、18S和5S条带清晰,A260/A280比值为2.0,A260/A230比值为2.08,RNA产量可达56μg·g-1(FW).经RT-PCR获得了特异条带,说明利用改良的CTAB法从海马齿中提取到的RNA质量好、产率高、完整性强,完全适合于进一步的分子生物学研究.     

柑橘叶片总RNA的两种提取方法比较

为了简便、快速提取高质量的柑橘(Citrus reticulata Banco)叶片总RNA,采用TRlzol法,对北京天根公司RNAplant Reagent和日本TaKaRa公司RNAiso Reagent两种RNA提取试剂进行比较并适当改进.结果表明:通过琼脂糖凝胶电泳,使用TaKaRa公司试剂提取的总RNA28S和18S条带清晰,紫外分光光度计检测分析A260/A280为1,820,A260,A230为2.088,RNA的浓度为2.840 μg μl-1,用于RT-PCR反应可成功克隆柑橘β-actin看家基因228 bp片段;采用天根公司试剂,琼脂糖凝胶电泳显示RNA带型较模糊,紫外分光光度计检测分析A260/A280为1.464,A260/A230为1.603,RNA的浓度为2.020 μg μl-1,达不到RNA的标准.TaKaRa公司RNAiso Reagent试剂提取的柑橘叶RNA纯度和完整性较好,能用于Northern杂交、cDNA文库的建立及基因克隆等分子生物学实验,为柑橘的进一步分子生物学研究奠定了基础.     

文心兰RNA不同提取方法比较

目的:为了得到高效的文心兰RNA提取方法和高质量的RNA,为后续文心兰分子生物学研究奠定基础.方法:选取文心兰“黄金2号”(Oncidium Gower Ramsey‘Gold2’)叶片和根组织为材料,对SDS-LiCl法、改良CTAB-NaAC法和改良CTAB-LiCl法和总RNA提取效果进行了比较研究.结果:改良CTAB-LiCl法得到的RNA样品纯度较高,完整性好,经电泳检测条带清晰无明显降解,28S条带的亮度是18S条带亮度的2倍,从叶片和气生根组织中提取RNA的OD260/OD280比值分别为1.797和1.787,提取率分别为33.07μg/g、29.07μg/g.以此RNA为模板进行RT-PCR反应,能获得特异条带.结论:改良CTAB-LiCl法是一种高效的文心兰RNA提取方法,所得样品RNA适合进一步的分子生物学研究.     

从荞麦中提取总RNA的有效方法

介绍了一种简单快速的从荞麦中提取总RNA的方法。经SDS、KAc和异丙醇等常规试剂提取高纯度的荞麦RNA,对产物进行琼脂糖凝胶电泳分析表明,其28S RNA与18S RNA的比值约为2：1,紫外吸收值A260/A290为1.91-2.06,产率为69.2-87.5μg RNA/g植物材料。用该法提取的总RNA可满足RT-PCR和cDNA文库构建等的需要,是一种高效的荞麦RNA提取法。     

Recent advances in the study of Kaposi's sarcoma-associated herpesvirus replication and pathogenesis

It has now been over twenty years since a novel herpesviral genome was identified in Kaposi's sarcoma biopsies. Since then, the cumulative research effort by molecular biologists, virologists, clinicians, and epidemiologists alike has led to the extensive characterization of this tumor virus, Kaposi's sarcoma-associated herpesvirus(KSHV; also known as human herpesvirus 8(HHV-8)), and its associated diseases. Here we review the current knowledge of KSHV biology and pathogenesis, with a particular emphasis on new and exciting advances in the field of epigenetics. We also discuss the development and practicality of various cell culture and animal model systems to study KSHV replication and pathogenesis.     

The structure, reproduction and taxonomy of Vidalia and Osmundaria (Rhodophyta, Rhodomelaceae)

Comprises species occurring mostly in subtidal habitats in tropical, subtropical and warm-temperate areas of the world. An analysis of the type species, V. spiralis (Sonder) Lamouroux ex J. Agardh, a species from Australia, establishes basic characters for distinguishing species in the genus. These characters are (1) branching patterns of thalli, (2) flat blades that may be spiralled on their axis, (3) width of the blade, (4) primary or secondary derivation of sterile and fertile branchlets and (5) position of sterile and fertile branchlets on the thalli. Application of the latter two characters provides an important basic method for separation of species into three major groups. Osmundaria , a genus known only in southern Australia, was studied in relation to Vidalia , and its separation from the Vidalia assemblage is not accepted. Species of Vidalia therefore are transferred to the older genus name, Osmundaria. Two new species, Osmundaria papenfussii and Osmundaria oliveae are described from Natal. Confusion in the usage of the epithet, Vidalia fimbriala Brown ex Turner has been clarified, and Vidalia gregaria Falkenberg, described as an epiphyte on Osmundaria pro/ifera Lamouroux, is revealed to be young branches of the host, Osmundaria prolifera.     

New or rare chromosome counts in Artemisia L. (Asteraceae, Anthemideae) and related genera from Kazakhstan

Fifteen chromosome counts of six Artemisia taxa and one species of each of the genera Brachanthemum, Hippolytia, Kaschgaria, Lepidolopsis and Turaniphytum are reported from Kazakhstan. Three of them are new reports, two are not consistent with previous counts and the remainder are confirmations of very scarce (one to four) earlier records. All the populations studied have the same basic chromosome number, x = 9, with ploidy levels ranging from 2x to 6x. Some correlations between ploidy level, morphological characters and distribution are noted.     

肝癌中HBV和HCV基因和抗原的分布及意义

采用原位分子杂交方法检测HCV RNA及HBV X基因;采用免疫组织化学方法研究HCV核心抗原,非结构区C33c抗原及HBxAg在肝细胞肝癌中的定位及分布.结果表明(1)HCV RNA、HBV X基因在肝细胞肝癌组织检出率分别为40%(55/136)和82%(112/136).HCV RNA定位于癌细胞的胞浆内,阳性细胞呈散在、灶状及弥漫分布三种形式;HBV X基因在肝癌细胞中的分布呈胞浆型、核型及核浆型,阳性细胞也呈上述三种分布形式;(2)HCV C33c抗原、核心抗原在肝细胞肝癌中的阳性率为81%(133/164)及86%(141/164).C33c抗原定位于癌细胞及肝细胞的胞浆内;核心抗原既定位于癌细胞核中,又可定位于胞浆中.C33c抗原阳性细胞以灶状分布为主;而核心抗原阳性细     

Selection with two alleles and complete dominance

For a plant selection model with frequency-independent viabilities, fertilities and selfing rates, it is shown that apart from global fixation, for certain parameter combinations a protected polymorphism and facultative fixation (either allele may become fixed according to initial frequencies) may both occur. Facultative fixation requires different selling rates for the dominant and recessive type. Protection of the polymorphism requires resource allocation for male and female function. In this connection the problem of purely genetically caused population extinction is discussed.
For general frequency dependence and regular segregation, the chances for establishment of a completely recessive gene are compared to those of a completely dominant gene. It is proven that the process of establishment of the recessive gene, despite a fitness advantage, may be considerably endangered by drift effects if random mating prevails. The recessive gene may reach the same effectivity in establishment as a dominant gene, only if the recessive homozygote mates exclusively with its own type during the period of establishment.