克氏原螯虾源致病性豚鼠气单胞菌的分离及其生物学特性

从患病的克氏原螯虾体内分离到一株致病菌L2M-A, 经生理生化鉴定和16S rDNA序列分析, 证实菌株L2M-A为豚鼠气单胞菌(Aeromonas caviae) (GenBank登录号: KF446251), 其16S rDNA序列与基因库中气单胞菌属菌株的16S rDNA序列有99%100%的同源性, 而且与豚鼠气单胞菌JXZ-3株(GenBank登录号: JF496552)的亲缘关系最近。此外, 菌株L2M-A在pH59内均能够生长良好, 最适生长温度为30℃, 最适生长转速为200 r/min, 但浓度6.25 g/mL的双氟沙星对其生长具有显著的抑制作用, 可作为防治用药的依据。       

鲟源维氏气单胞菌分离鉴定及药敏特性研究

从发病的鲟肝、胰、肾脏及血水分离到5株细菌,命名为4s-11,4s-12,4s-13,4s-14及4s-15。经人工感染,菌株4s-15具有致病性,鲟感染发病症状与自然发病症状相似,并再次分离到此菌株,故菌株4s-15是鲟此病病原菌。菌株4s-15经生理生化细菌鉴定,16S rDNA基因序列分析,结果为维氏气单胞菌。菌株4s-15对左氧氟沙星等13种抗生素高度敏感,本研究为防治鲟此病提供了理论依据。     

鲟源致病性嗜水气单胞菌X1的分离鉴定与药敏特性研究

从患细菌性败血症的西伯利亚鲟(Acipenser baerii)的体内分离到一株致病菌株X1,其对西伯利亚鲟的半数致死浓度(LC50)为5.62×105CFU/mL,具有较强毒力;菌株X1为革兰氏阴性杆菌,菌体大小为1.0μm～1.2μm×2.1μm～2.4 μm,周生侧鞭毛,在兔血琼脂平板上能形成明显的β-溶血圈,经ATB细菌鉴定仪鉴定和16S rDNA序列分析,菌株X1为嗜水气单胞菌(Aeromonashydrophila)(登录号:EU669667);其系统发育分析表明,菌株X1与嗜水气单胞菌ATCC35654(登录号:X74676.1)的亲缘关系最近,其同源性为99%.此外,菌株X1对先锋必、左氟沙星等2种药物高度敏感,对妥布霉素、氟哌酸、舒普深、卡那霉素、庆大霉素、复达欣、万古霉素、新霉素、多粘菌素B,洛美沙星等10种药物中度敏感.     

鱼类致病性豚鼠气单胞菌单克隆抗体-胶体金检测方法的建立

以福尔马林灭活的豚鼠气单胞菌按2.5×107个/只和5.0×107个/只分成两个剂量组免疫BALB/c小鼠,通过杂交瘤技术制备针对豚鼠气单胞菌的单克隆抗体(McAb),用间接ELISA法对所需的杂交瘤细胞株进行特异性筛选,获得了2株可分泌特异性McAb的杂交瘤细胞,并分别命名为3F3和2C9C3。经过鉴定,这两株McAb能够特异性的针对豚鼠气单胞菌,其抗体亚类分别为IgG1型和IgM型;腹水效价分别为10-6和10-5;相对亲和力较高;3F3针对豚鼠气单胞菌脂多糖表位,而2C9C3针对非脂多糖抗原位点。利用实验制备的McAb建立了以McAb为基础的双抗夹心法膜式超灵敏胶体金快速检测方法,所研制的豚鼠气单胞菌胶体金快速检测卡灵敏度好,特异性高,重复性好,检测时间快,操作简便,为水产上豚鼠气单胞菌的快速鉴定和诊断以及该菌流行的监测提供有力的工具。       

5例豚鼠气单胞菌颅内感染的分析

本文报告从脑脊液中检出豚鼠气单胞菌１２株，患者在有严重基础病、免疫功能低下或手术时继发感染本菌。     

西伯利亚鲟嗜水气单胞菌与其它3株气单胞菌间的免疫交叉反应

采用间接免疫荧光技术分析了西伯利亚鲟细菌性败血症致病菌嗜水气单胞菌(Aeromonas hydrophlia)X1菌株、豚鼠气单胞菌(Aeromonas caviae)XL2-T菌株、致病性温和气单胞菌(Aeromonas sobria)W1菌株与无致病性嗜水气单胞菌(Aeromonas hydrophlia)M3菌株等水产养殖主要病原菌与抗血清之间的免疫交叉反应。结果显示具有致病性的同属菌株X1菌株、XL2-T菌株、W1菌株交叉反应程度较大,说明这3株菌表面存在较多相同抗原决定簇。而无致病性菌株M3与其他3株致病性菌株免疫交叉反应程度较小。     

丰产鲫细菌性败血症病原CSS-4-2的生长特性

对患败血症的丰产鲫 (Carassiusauratusofpenze (♀ )×Cyprinusacutidorsalis(♂ ) )脾脏中分离到的病原菌—豚鼠气单胞菌 (Aeromonascaviae)CSS 4 2菌株的生长特性进行了研究。CSS 4 2在胰蛋白胨液体培养基中振荡培养时 ,0～ 3h为延迟期 ,3～ 30h为对数生长期 ,30～ 36h为稳定期 ,36h后为裒亡期 ;其最适生长温度为 2 5℃～ 30℃ ,最适pH值为 5～ 1 0 ,最适培养液NaCl浓度为 0～ 1 %。     

西伯利亚鲟致病性嗜水气单胞菌外膜蛋白及其抗原性分析

采用十二烷基肌氨酸钠(Sarkosyl)法提取西伯利亚鲟嗜水气单胞菌(Aeromonas hydrophila)外膜蛋白,电泳显示所提取的主要外膜蛋白分子量为26～120 kDa;为比较该菌株与气单胞菌菌属其他细菌外膜蛋白组分及抗原性异同,以致病性豚鼠气单胞菌(A.caviae)、温和气单胞菌(A.sobria)和无致病力的嗜水气单胞菌为对照,电泳图谱显示4种气单胞菌外膜蛋白的分子量主要集中在26～120 kDa之间;利用抗西伯利亚鲟嗜水气单胞菌血清的免疫印迹试验表明该菌株外膜蛋白中分子量为75 kDa、52 kDa、43 kDa、40 kDa、34 kDa、28 kDa的蛋白条带呈现阳性反应,其他3种气单胞菌外膜蛋白中均有与该抗血清反应的条带,且分子量为28 kDa、34 kDa的反应条带为4株菌共有;43 kDa与75 kDa反应条带为部分菌株共有.为进一步筛选和研究致病性气单胞菌的共同保护抗原提供参考.     

蟹组织中致病性嗜水气单胞菌的分离及其特性

1999年 6月从江苏省启东市某水产养殖场患病濒死的中华绒螯蟹肝胰腺中分离出 3株致病菌。经回感实验证实了菌株在 2 4h内对健康蟹的致死率分别为 10 0 %、75 %和 6 0 % ,回感温度升高可导致死亡时间缩短。经细菌形态、生理生化特性等鉴定为嗜水气单胞菌 ,分别定名为 ES- 1、ES- 2和 ES- 3菌株。3株菌的最适生长温度在 35℃ ,p H8,Na Cl浓度 0～ 1%。     

与致病性有关的气单胞菌生化特性研究

用较系统的生理生化试验对国内不同地区人腹泻粪便标本中收集的28株气单胞菌进行了研究,并对气单胞菌属内不同种的细菌生化特性及鉴别试验进行了比较。28株菌属于气单咆菌四个不同的种,其中豚鼠气单胞菌16株(57.1%),亲水气单胞菌6株(21.4%),寡源气单胞菌5株(17.9%),杀鲑气单胞菌1株(3.6%)。     

Expression of Aeromonas caviae ST pyruvate dehydrogenase complex components mediate tellurite resistance in Escherichia coli

Potassium tellurite (K₂TeO₃) is harmful to most organisms and specific mechanisms explaining its toxicity are not well known to date. We previously reported that the lpdA gene product of the tellurite-resistant environmental isolate Aeromonas caviae ST is involved in the reduction of tellurite to elemental tellurium. In this work, we show that expression of A. caviae ST aceE, aceF, and lpdA genes, encoding pyruvate dehydrogenase, dihydrolipoamide transacetylase, and dihydrolipoamide dehydrogenase, respectively, results in tellurite resistance and decreased levels of tellurite-induced superoxide in Escherichia coli. In addition to oxidative damage resulting from tellurite exposure, a metabolic disorder would be simultaneously established in which the pyruvate dehydrogenase complex would represent an intracellular tellurite target. These results allow us to widen our vision regarding the molecular mechanisms involved in bacterial tellurite resistance by correlating tellurite toxicity and key enzymes of aerobic metabolism.     

Reclassification of Aeromonas hydrophila subsp. dhakensis Huys et al. 2002 and Aeromonas aquariorum Martínez-Murcia et al. 2008 as Aeromonas dhakensis sp. nov. comb nov. and emendation of the species Aeromonas hydrophila

Previous studies indicate that Aeromonas aquariorum and Aeromonas hydrophila subsp. dhakensis are the same taxon and suggest that they should be synonymized. Using a polyphasic approach, the phenotypic and phylogenetic relationship of A. aquariorum with the 3 defined A. hydrophila subspecies (i.e. dhakensis, hydrophila, ranae) was investigated. Phylogenetic trees derived from the 16S rRNA, rpoD or gyrB genes and a multilocus phylogenetic analysis (with the concatenated sequences of gyrB, rpoD, recA, dnaJ and gyrA) confirmed that both A. aquariorum and A. hydrophila subsp. dhakensis are a unique taxon, different from the other A. hydrophila subspecies, corroborating the phenotypic and DNA–DNA hybridization (DDH) results. A formal synonymization of A. aquariorum and A. hydrophila subsp. dhakensis and a reclassification of both as Aeromonas dhakensis sp. nov. comb nov. is therefore proposed.     

Quorum Sensing Regulation in Aeromonas hydrophila

We present detailed results on the C4-HSL-mediated quorum sensing (QS) regulatory system of the opportunistic Gram-negative bacterium Aeromonas hydrophila. This bacterium contains a particularly simple QS system that allows for a detailed modeling of kinetics. In a model system (i.e., the Escherichia coli monitor strain MH205), the C4-HSL production of A. hydrophila is interrupted by fusion of gfp(ASV). In the present in vitro study, we measure the response of the QS regulatory ahyRI locus in the monitor strain to predetermined concentrations of C4-HSL signal molecules. A minimal kinetic model describes the data well. It can be solved analytically, providing substantial insight into the QS mechanism: at high concentrations of signal molecules, a slow decay of the activated regulator sets the timescale for the QS regulation loop. Slow saturation ensures that, in an A. hydrophila cell, the QS system is activated only by signal molecules produced by other A. hydrophila cells. Separate information on the ahyR and ahyI loci can be extracted, thus allowing the probe to be used in identifying the target when testing QS inhibitors.     

A highly virulent pathogen, Aeromonas hydrophila, from the freshwater crayfish Pacifastacus leniusculus

Aeromonas spp. are characteristic bacteria of freshwaters and many of them can be components of the bacterial flora of aquatic animals and may become pathogens on animals including humans. In this study Aeromonas hydrophila was isolated from the freshwater crayfish, Pacifastacus leniusculus, and was found to be a highly pathogenic bacterium among many isolated bacteria. Mortality reached 100% within 6 h when 200 μl of 1.24 × 10⁷ CFU/ml was applied by injection. Histopathological studies of moribund crayfish showed that extensive necrotic nuclei and clump-infiltrated hemocytes were found in observed tissues including gill, heart, hepatopancreas and the circulatory system. To verify how crayfish are susceptible to this bacterium, crude extracellular products (ECPs) obtained from culture supernatant of A. hydrophila was studied either in vivo or in vitro. ECPs (200 μl) were able to kill crayfish by injection. In an in vitro study, ECPs induced cytotoxicity of hemocytes as well as hematopoietic cells in a dose- and time-dependent manner after 30 min post inoculation. Two genes coding for endotoxins were also found in this isolate of A. hydrophila. This indicates that the bacterial endotoxins are the causative agents of crayfish mortality. Moreover, the effect of temperature on the infectivity of A. hydrophila to crayfish was also studied. At 4 °C, all crayfish survived, whereas at 20 °C the animals died rapidly after bacterial challenge. At this low temperature A. hydrophila did not replicate or replicated at a very low degree and hence crayfish could probably mount effective cellular reactions towards A. hydrophila.     

双氟沙星在人工感染嗜水气单胞菌的异育银鲫体内的药代动力学

为了阐明双氟沙星在健康与处于患病状态下的异育银鲫(Carassius aurutus gibelio)体内的药代动力学特征差异,为双氟沙星的正确合理用药提供参考,本研究通过人工创伤感染的方式采用最佳浓度的嗜水气单胞菌(Aeromonas hydrophila)感染异育银鲫,在此基础上进一步以双氟沙星在健康异育银鲫体内的药代动力学特征为对照,采用反相高效液相色谱法测定双氟沙星在感染嗜水气单胞菌的异育银鲫体内的药代动力学特征。实验结果表明,以鱼体重的20 mg/kg口灌给药后,双氟沙星在人工感染嗜水气单胞菌的异育银鲫与健康异育银鲫体内的总药时曲线均符合一级吸收开放性二室模型,其药动学方程分别为C=6.227e^-0.109t-8.074e^-2.752t+1.847e^-0.006t和C=110.295e^-0.331t+1.533e^-0.01t-111.828e^-0.412t,但与双氟沙星在健康异育银鲫体内的药代动力学参数相比,双氟沙星在人工感染嗜水气单胞菌的异育银鲫体内的吸收、分布、消除速度减慢,其在人工感染嗜水气单胞菌的异育银鲫体内的分 布半衰期、消除半衰期、吸收速率常数、曲线下面积分别增加了4.25 h、36.17 h、2.34/h和74.52 mg·h/L,达峰时间延长了5.75 h,峰浓度降低了61.16%,且未出现重吸收现象。本研究证实嗜水气单胞菌感染能够导致异育银鲫肝肾功能损伤,因而双氟沙星在人工感染嗜水气单胞菌的异育银鲫体内的吸收、分布、代谢和消除均会减慢。     

珠江口棘头梅童鱼耳石的生长特性

研究了棘头梅童鱼(Collichthys lucidus)耳石的形态参数、生长特性及其与鱼体生长的关系,选用左矢耳石为研究对象,用直线、对数、多项式、幂函数和指数函数拟合矢耳石各参数的生长关系式,依据耳石日轮鉴定了日龄。结果表明,体长范围为29.8～104.0 mm的棘头梅童鱼矢耳石的长直径随鱼体生长而增大,但短直径与长直径的比值以及长直径方向上的短半径与长半径的比值则基本稳定。矢耳石的长、宽和重之间,以及长半径和短半径之间均呈显著的幂函数相关关系;矢耳石生长与鱼体生长的关系中,矢耳石长、宽、厚、重与长半径和体长、体重之间的关系,除了体长与耳石厚的关系为显著的二次多项式外,全部呈显著的幂函数相关关系。     

Isolation of legumin-like protein from Phaseolus aureus and Phaseolus vulgaris

An 11S seed globulin has been isolated from Phaseolus aureus and P. vulgaris by zonal isoelectric precipitation and the MWs of the constituent subunits determined. The protein of P. vulgaris occurs in the protein body fraction and its chemical composition, including the N-terminal amino acids and amino acid composition has been determined. The similarity between the 11S globulin of the two Phaseolus spp. and legumin from other leguines is discussed.     

Isolation of isodihydroquinamine from Isertia hypoleuca

A new dihydroindole alkaloid, isodihydroquinamine, has been isolated from the leaves of Isertia hypoleuca Benth. Chemical and spectroscopic data show it to be a stereoisomer of dihydroquinamine, which was previously isolated from the same plant.