PET-CT图象融合技术对肺癌靶区定义的研究

目的:目前作为靶区定义依据,CT,MRI等影像主要反映人体解剖结构,而以PET.SPECT.MRS为代表的影像技术可以获得肿瘤内部生物学特性的影像,将对于肿瘤放射治疗靶区定义提供新的靶区范围。结果:本文针对2例典型病例,4名有经验医师分别采取目前常用CT影像和我们所得到的融合图像对肿瘤靶区定义,对比他们的定义差异。结论:利用融合技术将多种影像同时显示,对靶区的定义,尤其了解肿瘤的功能区域有重要的临床意义,可以提高靶区定义准确性,为进一步调强放射治疗以及将来的生物学靶区定义带来重要的实验和临床依据。     

Prognostic Value of 18F-FDG PET/CT in Surgical Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer: A Meta-Analysis

Background

The identification of surgical non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) patients with poor prognosis is a priority in clinical oncology because of their high 5-year mortality. This meta-analysis explored the prognostic value of maximal standardized uptake value (SUV_max), metabolic tumor volume (MTV) and total lesion glycolysis (TLG) on disease-free survival (DFS) and overall survival (OS) in surgical NSCLC patients.

Materials and Methods

MEDLINE, EMBASE and Cochrane Libraries were systematically searched until August 1, 2015. Prospective or retrospective studies that evaluated the prognostic roles of preoperative 18F-FDG PET/CT with complete DFS and OS data in surgical NSCLC patients were included. The impact of SUV_max, MTV or TLG on survival was measured using hazard ratios (HR). Sub-group analyses were performed based on disease stage, pathological classification, surgery only and cut-off values.

Results

Thirty-six studies comprised of 5807 patients were included. The combined HRs for DFS were 2.74 (95%CI 2.33–3.24, unadjusted) and 2.43 (95%CI: 1.76–3.36, adjusted) for SUV_max, 2.27 (95%CI 1.77–2.90, unadjusted) and 2.49 (95%CI 1.23–5.04, adjusted) for MTV, and 2.46 (95%CI 1.91–3.17, unadjusted) and 2.97 (95%CI 1.68–5.28, adjusted) for TLG. The pooled HRs for OS were 2.54 (95%CI 1.86–3.49, unadjusted) and 1.52 (95%CI 1.16–2.00, adjusted) for SUV_max, 2.07 (95%CI 1.16–3.69, unadjusted) and 1.91 (95%CI 1.13–3.22, adjusted) for MTV, and 2.47 (95%CI 1.38–4.43, unadjusted) and 1.94 (95%CI 1.12–3.33, adjusted) for TLG. Begg’s test detected publication bias, the trim and fill procedure was performed, and similar HRs were obtained. The prognostic role of SUV_max, MTV and TLG remained similar in the sub-group analyses.

Conclusions

High values of SUV_max, MTV and TLG predicted a higher risk of recurrence or death in patients with surgical NSCLC. We suggest the use of FDG PET/CT to select patients who are at high risk of disease recurrence or death and may benefit from aggressive treatments.     

Differentiation of Central Lung Cancer from Atelectasis: Comparison of Diffusion-Weighted MRI with PET/CT

Objective

Prospectively assess the performance of diffusion-weighted magnetic resonance imaging (DW-MRI) for differentiation of central lung cancer from atelectasis.

Materials and Methods

38 consecutive lung cancer patients (26 males, 12 females; age range: 28–71 years; mean age: 49 years) who were referred for thoracic MR imaging examinations were enrolled. MR examinations were performed using a 1.5-T clinical scanner and scanning sequences of T1WI, T2WI, and DWI. Cancers and atelectasis were measured by mapping of the apparent diffusion coefficients (ADCs) obtained with a b-value of 500 s/mm².

Results

PET/CT and DW-MR allowed differentiation of tumor and atelectasis in all 38 cases, but T2WI did not allow differentiation in 9 cases. Comparison of conventional T2WI and DW-MRI indicated a higher contrast noise ratio of the central lung carcinoma than the atelectasis by DW-MRI. ADC maps indicated significantly lower mean ADC in the central lung carcinoma than in the atelectasis (1.83±0.58 vs. 2.90±0.26 mm²/s, p<0.0001). ADC values of small cell lung carcinoma were significantly greater than those from squamous cell carcinoma and adenocarcinoma (p<0.0001 for both).

Conclusions

DW-MR imaging provides valuable information not obtained by conventional MR and may be useful for differentiation of central lung carcinoma from atelectasis. Future developments may allow DW-MR imaging to be used as an alternative to PET-CT in imaging of patients with lung cancer.     

Respiratory Bacterial Microbiota and Individual Bacterial Variability in Lung Cancer and Bronchiectasis Patients

Respiratory bacterial microbiota plays a key role in human health. Lung cancer microbiome is a significant yet an understudied area while bronchiectasis microbiome is often studied. We assessed the bacterial microbiota in the upper and lower respiratory tract of the patients with lung cancer and bronchiectasis against a healthy group and their variations in individuality. 16S rRNA gene based metagenomic sequencing was used to detect entire bacterial community along with conventional aerobic bacterial culturing. In comparison to healthy, increased bacterial diversity was observed in diseased population. Abundance of more than 1% was considered and bacteria were identified in 97% similarity. Only lung cancer patients exhibited bacteria specific to the disease: Corynebacterium tuberculostearicum and Keratinibaculum paraultunense. However, Enterococcus faecalis and Delftia tsuruhatensis were also observed limited to lung cancer and bronchiectasis respectively, in less than 1% but supported with bacterial culturing. In conclusion the disease condition and intra-group variability should be considered in future with larger cohorts to understand individual patient variability highlighting the social habits and gender of the individual.     

Lung Cancer in Younger Patients

Carcinoma of the lung is rare in younger patients, but occasional reports of this condition have appeared in the literature. This article reviews the clinical and pathological patterns of bronchogenic carcinoma in 96 patients, 40 years old or younger seen at UCLA (University of California, Los Angeles) Hospital between 1956 and 1976. This review confirms the finding in other reports of a higher proportion of women among younger patients with lung cancer as well as a relatively low incidence of squamous cell carcinoma. Using comparative data from the UCLA and California tumor registries, we could find no significant difference in survival of the younger patients when compared with the general population of patients with lung cancer.     

加替沙星注射液治疗肺癌患者呼吸道感染临床评价

评价加替沙星注射液治疗肺癌患者呼吸道感染临床疗效和药物不良反应。回顾性分析2007年1-12月非随机选择45例肺癌患者医院外获得性呼吸道感染入院治疗的临床资料进行统计分析。应用加替沙星组与应用注射用头孢哌酮钠／舒巴坦组治疗呼吸道感染的总有效率分别为92．31％和94．74％（P〉0．05）;用药3d后咳嗽咳痰、发热、湿哆音、血象好转率分别为84．62％、95．45％、85．71％、88．OO％和57．89％、71．43％、64．29％、82．35％（P〈0．05）。不良反应发生率分别11．54％和10．53％（P〉0．05）。加替沙星治疗肺癌患者呼吸道感染疗效好,见效快,是较理想的药物。     

The Role of Respiratory Microbiota in Lung Cancer

Recently, the impact of microorganisms on tumor growth and metastasis has attracted great attention. The pathogenesis and progression of lung cancer are related to an increase in respiratory bacterial load as well as changes in the bacterial community because the microbiota affects tumors in many ways, including canceration, metastasis, angiogenesis, and treatment. The microbiota may increase tumor susceptibility by altering metabolism and immune responses, promoting inflammation, and increasing toxic effects. The microbiota can regulate tumor metastasis by altering multiple cell signaling pathways and participate in tumor angiogenesis through vascular endothelial growth factors (VEGF), endothelial cells (ECs), inflammatory factors and inflammatory cells. Tumor angiogenesis not only maintains tumor growth at the primary site but also promotes tumor metastasis and invasion. Therefore, angiogenesis is an important mediator of the interaction between microorganisms and tumors. The microbiota also plays a part in antitumor therapy. Alteration of the microbiota caused by antibiotics can regulate tumor growth and metastasis. Moreover, the microbiota also influences the efficacy and toxicity of tumor immunotherapy and chemotherapy. Finally, the effects of air pollution, a risk factor for lung cancer, on microorganisms and the possible role of respiratory microorganisms in the effects of air pollution on lung cancer are discussed.     

18F-FDG PET/CT 在宫颈癌诊断及分期中的临床价值

目的:探讨氟代脱氧葡萄糖(~(18)F-FDG)正电子发射断层显像/X线计算机体层成像仪(PET/CT)检查在局灶早期宫颈癌中的临床应用价值。方法:53例病理确诊为早期宫颈癌的患者行全身~(18)F-FDG PET/CT检查,并在检查结束10日内行广泛性全子宫切除术+双附件切除术+盆腔淋巴结清扫术,计算~(18)F-FDG PET/CT诊断宫颈原发部位肿瘤及盆腔淋巴结转移的敏感度,特异度与准确度。结果:~(18)F-FDG PET/CT检查诊断的宫颈原发部位肿瘤的敏感度为79.25%,特异度为86.79%,准确度为84.9%;以病人为单位诊断盆腔淋巴结转移的准确度为85.71%,特异度为97.87%;以淋巴结为单位诊断盆腔淋巴结转移的准确度为84.61%,特异度为99.00%。结论:PET/CT显像对宫颈癌诊断,分期诊断及盆腔淋巴结转移的检出具有重要临床意义。     

Imaging Lung Function in Mice Using SPECT/CT and Per-Voxel Analysis

Chronic lung disease is a major worldwide health concern but better tools are required to understand the underlying pathologies. Ventilation/perfusion (V/Q) single photon emission computed tomography (SPECT) with per-voxel analysis allows for non-invasive measurement of regional lung function. A clinically adapted V/Q methodology was used in healthy mice to investigate V/Q relationships. Twelve week-old mice were imaged to describe normal lung function while 36 week-old mice were imaged to determine how age affects V/Q. Mice were ventilated with Technegas™ and injected with ^99mTc-macroaggregated albumin to trace ventilation and perfusion, respectively. For both processes, SPECT and CT images were acquired, co-registered, and quantitatively analyzed. On a per-voxel basis, ventilation and perfusion were moderately correlated (R = 0.58±0.03) in 12 week old animals and a mean log(V/Q) ratio of −0.07±0.01 and standard deviation of 0.36±0.02 were found, defining the extent of V/Q matching. In contrast, 36 week old animals had significantly increased levels of V/Q mismatching throughout the periphery of the lung. Measures of V/Q were consistent across healthy animals and differences were observed with age demonstrating the capability of this technique in quantifying lung function. Per-voxel analysis and the ability to non-invasively assess lung function will aid in the investigation of chronic lung disease models and drug efficacy studies.     

Increased Arterial PET/CT 18F-Fluorodeoxyglucose Uptake in Obese and Overweight Patients

ObjectivesWe aimed to investigate the association between BMI and early atherosclerotic activity in cancer patients. We also compared the inflammatory and macroscopic calcification processes of atherosclerosis in the aortic segments and large arteries by ¹⁸F-FDG PET/CT of between normal and high BMI patients.MethodsWe conducted a retrospective review of cancer patients presented to our institution within the period between February and May 2018. Patients were classified according to their BMI into two groups: normal BMI group and high BMI group. Data of average SUVmax and SUVmean for four segments of the aorta, common iliac arteries, and femoral arteries were estimated and compared between both groups. Moreover, the macroscopic calcification on CT images for each vascular section was also reported.ResultsNinety-eight patients were classified into two groups: normal BMI group (n = 52; 53.1%), and high BMI group (n = 46; 46.9%). Average SUVmax was significantly higher in obese participants in all arterial segments (P < 0.05). However, the SUVmean was significantly higher in obese patients in only three arterial segments aortic arch, left femoral artery and descending thoracic aorta (P < 0.05).Moreover, the differences between the two study groups in terms of the frequency of macroscopic calcifications were not statistically significant for all vascular segments. BMI positively correlated with SUVmax and SUVmean of the vascular segments (r value from 0,219 to 0,575/p value between 0,023 and 0,0001).ConclusionsFluorine-18-FDG PET/CT imaging revealed that patients with high BMI have more accelerated atherosclerotic inflammatory process in their major vessels compared to their age-matched controls with normal BMI. Future studies should assess the associated between these findings and the cardiovascular events in the long term.     

Diagnostic Performance of Whole-Body PET/MRI for Detecting Malignancies in Cancer Patients: A Meta-Analysis

BackgroundAs an evolving imaging modality, PET/MRI is preliminarily applied in clinical practice. The aim of this study was to assess the diagnostic performance of PET/MRI for tumor staging in patients with various types of cancer.MethodsRelevant articles about PET/MRI for cancer staging were systematically searched in PubMed, EMBASE, EBSCO and the Cochrane Library. Two researchers independently selected studies, extracted data and assessed the methodological quality using the QUADAS tool. The pooled sensitivity, specificity, diagnostic odds ratio (DOR), positive likelihood ratio (PLR), and negative likelihood ratio (NLR) were calculated per patient and per lesion. The summary receiver-operating characteristic (SROC) curves were also constructed, and the area under the curve (AUC) and Q* estimates were obtained.ResultsA total of 38 studies that involved 753 patients and 4234 lesions met the inclusion criteria. On a per-patient level, the pooled sensitivity and specificity with 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were 0.93 (0.90–0.95) and 0.92 (0.89–0.95), respectively. On a per-lesion level, the corresponding estimates were 0.90 (0.88–0.92) and 0.95 (0.94–0.96), respectively. The pooled PLR, NLR and DOR estimates were 6.67 (4.83–9.19), 0.12 (0.07–0.21) and 75.08 (42.10–133.91) per patient and 10.91 (6.79–17.54), 0.13 (0.08–0.19) and 102.53 (59.74–175.97) per lesion, respectively.ConclusionAccording to our results, PET/MRI has excellent diagnostic potential for the overall detection of malignancies in cancer patients. Large, multicenter and prospective studies with standard scanning protocols are required to evaluate the diagnostic value of PET/MRI for individual cancer types.     

经鼻高流量湿化氧疗对肺癌放射性肺炎合并呼吸衰竭患者的临床疗效观察

摘要 目的：探究经鼻高流量湿化氧疗对肺癌放射性肺炎合并呼吸衰竭患者的临床疗效,以期为临床治疗提供参考。方法：选取2020年9月至2022年8月在我院呼吸内科住院的因肺癌放射治疗出现放射性肺炎合并呼吸衰竭患者86例为研究对象,根据氧疗方法的不同分为HFNC组和COT组,每组各43例, COT组患者在此基础上给予鼻导管供氧治疗。HFNC组患者给予HFNC氧疗方式。比较两组患者治疗前后血气分析指标、呼吸频率及舒适度、疲劳程度评分的差异及对比两组的预后情况。结果：治疗后12 h、24 h、48 h两组PaO₂//FiO₂/指标均较治疗前明显升高（P<0.05）,且治疗后各个时间点HFNC组对PaO₂/FiO₂/指标改善明显优于COT组,差异具有统计学意义（P<0.01）。治疗后12 h、24 h、48 h两组呼吸频率均较治疗前明显降低（P<0.05）,且治疗后各个时间点HFNC组对呼吸频率改善明显优于COT组,差异具有统计学意义（P<0.01）。治疗后两组患者舒适度评分均较治疗前明显升高、疲劳程度评分较治疗前明显降低（P<0.05）,HFNC组对舒适度、疲劳程度评分改善程度明显优于COT组（P<0.01）。HFNC组患者气管插管占比、非机械通气天数明显少于COT组（P<0.01）,死亡人数占比两组患者差异无统计学意义（P>0.05）。结论：经鼻高流量湿化氧疗可以改善肺癌放射性肺炎合并呼吸衰竭患者氧合指数,降低患者呼吸频率,改善患者舒适度和促进患者预后。     

Potential Usefulness of FDG PET/CT in Patients with Sepsis of Unknown Origin

Purpose

The role of FDG PET in the evaluation of patients with sepsis of unknown origin remains unclear. We sought to assess the value of FDG PET/CT in patients with sepsis of unknown cause and to define its priority in this group of subjects.

Methods

A total of 53 patients with sepsis of unknown origin underwent FDG PET/CT within two weeks of diagnosis. All of the patients were followed up for at least 3 months after discharge to determine the clinical outcomes. The impact of FDG PET/CT was assessed according to the number of cases who had their treatment modified on the basis of the imaging results. Logistic regression analysis was used to identify the independent predictors of positive FDG PET/CT findings.

Results

Of the 53 study patients, 35 (66%) had positive FDG PET/CT findings, and 13 (25%) had their treatment modified on the basis of the imaging results. Logistic regression analysis identified normal serum aspartate aminotransferase (odds ratio [OR]  = 6.134; 95% confidence interval [CI]  = 1.443–26.076, P = 0.014) and increased serum alkaline phosphatase levels (OR = 5.813; 95% CI = 1.386–24.376, P = 0.016) at diagnosis as independent predictors of positive FDG PET/CT findings. A scoring system using these two covariates was developed, which defined three distinct priority groups for FDG PET/CT imaging.

Conclusion

Our findings suggest that FDG PET/CT may be clinically useful for the detection of occult foci of infection in patients with sepsis of unknown origin.     

Size-Based Isolation of Circulating Tumor Cells in Lung Cancer Patients Using a Microcavity Array System

Background

Epithelial cell adhesion molecule (EpCAM)-based enumeration of circulating tumor cells (CTC) has prognostic value in patients with solid tumors, such as advanced breast, colon, and prostate cancer. However, poor sensitivity has been reported for non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). To address this problem, we developed a microcavity array (MCA) system integrated with a miniaturized device for CTC isolation without relying on EpCAM expression. Here, we report the results of a clinical study on CTCs of advanced lung cancer patients in which we compared the MCA system with the CellSearch system, which employs the conventional EpCAM-based method.

Methods

Paired peripheral blood samples were collected from 43 metastatic lung cancer patients to enumerate CTCs using the CellSearch system according to the manufacturer’s protocol and the MCA system by immunolabeling and cytomorphological analysis. The presence of CTCs was assessed blindly and independently by both systems.

Results

CTCs were detected in 17 of 22 NSCLC patients using the MCA system versus 7 of 22 patients using the CellSearch system. On the other hand, CTCs were detected in 20 of 21 small cell lung cancer (SCLC) patients using the MCA system versus 12 of 21 patients using the CellSearch system. Significantly more CTCs in NSCLC patients were detected by the MCA system (median 13, range 0–291 cells/7.5 mL) than by the CellSearch system (median 0, range 0–37 cells/7.5 ml) demonstrating statistical superiority (p = 0.0015). Statistical significance was not reached in SCLC though the trend favoring the MCA system over the CellSearch system was observed (p = 0.2888). The MCA system also isolated CTC clusters from patients who had been identified as CTC negative using the CellSearch system.

Conclusions

The MCA system has a potential to isolate significantly more CTCs and CTC clusters in advanced lung cancer patients compared to the CellSearch system.     

Four Dimensional Digital Tomosynthesis Using on-Board Imager for the Verification of Respiratory Motion

Purpose

To evaluate respiratory motion of a patient by generating four-dimensional digital tomosynthesis (4D DTS), extracting respiratory signal from patients'' on-board projection data, and ensuring the feasibility of 4D DTS as a localization tool for the targets which have respiratory movement.

Methods and Materials

Four patients with lung and liver cancer were included to verify the feasibility of 4D-DTS with an on-board imager. CBCT acquisition (650–670 projections) was used to reconstruct 4D DTS images and the breath signal of the patients was generated by extracting the motion of diaphragm during data acquisition. Based on the extracted signal, the projection data was divided into four phases: peak-exhale phase, mid-inhale phase, peak-inhale phase, and mid-exhale phase. The binned projection data was then used to generate 4D DTS, where the total scan angle was assigned as ±22.5° from rotation center, centered on 0° and 180° for coronal “half-fan” 4D DTS, and 90° and 270° for sagittal “half-fan” 4D DTS. The result was then compared with 4D CBCT which we have also generated with the same phase distribution.

Results

The motion of the diaphragm was evident from the 4D DTS results for peak-exhale, mid-inhale, peak-inhale and mid-exhale phase assignment which was absent in 3D DTS. Compared to the result of 4D CBCT, the view aliasing effect due to arbitrary angle reconstruction was less severe. In addition, the severity of metal artifacts, the image distortion due to presence of metal, was less than that of the 4D CBCT results.

Conclusion

We have implemented on-board 4D DTS on patients data to visualize the movement of anatomy due to respiratory motion. The results indicate that 4D-DTS could be a promising alternative to 4D CBCT for acquiring the respiratory motion of internal organs just prior to radiotherapy treatment.     

Respiratory Gating during Stereotactic Body Radiotherapy for Lung Cancer Reduces Tumor Position Variability

Purpose

We evaluated the effects of respiratory gating on treatment accuracy in lung cancer patients undergoing lung stereotactic body radiotherapy by using electronic portal imaging device (EPID) images.

Materials and Methods

Our study population consisted of 30 lung cancer patients treated with stereotactic body radiotherapy (48 Gy/4 fractions/4 to 9 days). Of these, 14 were treated with- (group A) and 16 without gating (group B); typically the patients whose tumors showed three-dimensional respiratory motion ≧5 mm were selected for gating. Tumor respiratory motion was estimated using four-dimensional computed tomography images acquired during treatment simulation. Tumor position variability during all treatment sessions was assessed by measuring the standard deviation (SD) and range of tumor displacement on EPID images. The two groups were compared for tumor respiratory motion and position variability using the Mann-Whitney U test.

Results

The median three-dimensional tumor motion during simulation was greater in group A than group B (9 mm, range 3–30 mm vs. 2 mm, range 0–4 mm; p<0.001). In groups A and B the median SD of the tumor position was 1.1 mm and 0.9 mm in the craniocaudal- (p = 0.24) and 0.7 mm and 0.6 mm in the mediolateral direction (p = 0.89), respectively. The median range of the tumor position was 4.0 mm and 3.0 mm in the craniocaudal- (p = 0.21) and 2.0 mm and 1.5 mm in the mediolateral direction (p = 0.20), respectively.

Conclusions

Although patients treated with respiratory gating exhibited greater respiratory tumor motion during treatment simulation, tumor position variability in the EPID images was low and comparable to patients treated without gating. This demonstrates the benefit of respiratory gating.     

Abdominal Muscle Activity during Mechanical Ventilation Increases Lung Injury in Severe Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome

ObjectiveIt has proved that muscle paralysis was more protective for injured lung in severe acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS), but the precise mechanism is not clear. The purpose of this study was to test the hypothesis that abdominal muscle activity during mechanically ventilation increases lung injury in severe ARDS.MethodsEighteen male Beagles were studied under mechanical ventilation with anesthesia. Severe ARDS was induced by repetitive oleic acid infusion. After lung injury, Beagles were randomly assigned into spontaneous breathing group (BIPAP_SB) and abdominal muscle paralysis group (BIPAP_AP). All groups were ventilated with BIPAP model for 8h, and the high pressure titrated to reached a tidal volume of 6ml/kg, the low pressure was set at 10 cmH₂O, with I:E ratio 1:1, and respiratory rate adjusted to a PaCO₂ of 35–60 mmHg. Six Beagles without ventilator support comprised the control group. Respiratory variables, end-expiratory volume (EELV) and gas exchange were assessed during mechanical ventilation. The levels of Interleukin (IL)-6, IL-8 in lung tissue and plasma were measured by qRT-PCR and ELISA respectively. Lung injury scores were determined at end of the experiment.ResultsFor the comparable ventilator setting, as compared with BIPAP_SB group, the BIPAP_AP group presented higher EELV (427±47 vs. 366±38 ml) and oxygenation index (293±36 vs. 226±31 mmHg), lower levels of IL-6(216.6±48.0 vs. 297.5±71.2 pg/ml) and IL-8(246.8±78.2 vs. 357.5±69.3 pg/ml) in plasma, and lower express levels of IL-6 mRNA (15.0±3.8 vs. 21.2±3.7) and IL-8 mRNA (18.9±6.8 vs. 29.5±7.9) in lung tissues. In addition, less lung histopathology injury were revealed in the BIPAP_AP group (22.5±2.0 vs. 25.2±2.1).ConclusionAbdominal muscle activity during mechanically ventilation is one of the injurious factors in severe ARDS, so abdominal muscle paralysis might be an effective strategy to minimize ventilator-induce lung injury.     

Deformation Effect on SUVmax Changes in Thoracic Tumors Using 4-D PET/CT Scan

Respiratory motion blurs the standardized uptake value (SUV) and leads to a further signal reduction and changes in the SUV maxima. 4D PET can provide accurate tumor localization as a function of the respiratory phase in PET/CT imaging. We investigated thoracic tumor motion by respiratory 4D CT and assessed its deformation effect on the SUV changes in 4D PET imaging using clinical patient data. Twelve radiation oncology patients with thoracic cancer, including five lung cancer patients and seven esophageal cancer patients, were recruited to the present study. The 4D CT and PET image sets were acquired and reconstructed for 10 respiratory phases across the whole respiratory cycle. The optical flow method was applied to the 4D CT data to calculate the maximum displacements of the tumor motion in respiration. Our results show that increased tumor motion has a significant degree of association with the SUV_max loss for lung cancer. The results also show that the SUV_max loss has a higher correlation with tumors located at lower lobe of lung or at lower regions of esophagus.     

Acute Respiratory Failure in Critically Ill Patients with Interstitial Lung Disease

Background

Patients with chronic known or unknown interstitial lung disease (ILD) may present with severe respiratory flares that require intensive management. Outcome data in these patients are scarce.

Patients and Methods

Clinical and radiological features were collected in 83 patients with ILD-associated acute respiratory failure (ARF). Determinants of hospital mortality and response to corticosteroid therapy were identified by logistic regression.

Results

Hospital and 1-year mortality rates were 41% and 54% respectively. Pulmonary hypertension, computed tomography (CT) fibrosis and acute kidney injury were independently associated with mortality (odds ratio (OR) 4.55; 95% confidence interval (95%CI) (1.20–17.33); OR, 7.68; (1.78–33.22) and OR 10.60; (2.25–49.97) respectively). Response to steroids was higher in patients with shorter time from hospital admission to corticosteroid therapy. Patients with fibrosis on CT had lower response to steroids (OR, 0.03; (0.005–0.21)). In mechanically ventilated patients, overdistension induced by high PEEP settings was associated with CT fibrosis and hospital mortality.

Conclusion

Mortality is high in ILD-associated ARF. CT and echocardiography are valuable prognostic tools. Prompt corticosteroid therapy may improve survival.     

68Ga-DOTANOC PET/CT在寻找转移性神经内分泌肿瘤患者原发灶中的价值

目的:评估~(68)Ga-DOTANOC PET/CT显像在寻找不明原因转移性神经内分泌肿瘤(neuroendocrine neoplasms,NENs)患者原发灶中的价值。方法:回顾性分析西京医院于2016年6月～2018年6月经病理确诊为转移性NENs,为寻找原发灶而行~(68)Ga-DOTANOC PET/CT的32例患者[男20例、女12例,年龄33～78(57.95±13.34)岁]的相关资料。原发灶诊断以手术或活组织检查获得组织病理学结果为金标准。计算~(68)Ga-DOTANOC PET/CT对转移性NENs患者原发灶的检出率;用Spearman秩相关检验分析~(68)Ga-DOTANOC PET/CT显像中真阳性原发灶SUVmax与已知病理确诊转移灶SUVmax的相关性,并用配对t检验比较二者SUVmax。比较~(68)Ga-DOTANOC PET/CT显像与传统影像学检查(CT、MRI或超声)对转移性NENs患者的诊断结果。结果:~(68)Ga-DOTANOC PET/CT准确发现转移性NENs患者原发灶者19例,其检出率为59.4%。~(68)Ga-DOTANOC PET/CT显像中真阳性原发灶SUVmax=15.36±15.02(4.17～45.9),病理确诊转移灶SUVmax=8.46±7.80(1.7～27.5),二者显著相关(r=0.776,P=0.003),真阳性原发灶SUVmax显著高于病理确诊转移灶SUVmax,差异具有统计学意义(t=2.594,P=0.025)。相比于传统影像学检查,除了真阳性原发灶及病理确诊转移灶,~(68)Ga-DOTANOC PET/CT发现10例(31.3%)NENs患者存在额外转移灶,以骨转移及淋巴结转移为主。结论:~(68)Ga-DOTANOC PET/CT显像在寻找转移性NENs患者原发灶中有较高的应用价值,可发现更多的转移灶,为临床提供更准确的信息。