Question Processing and Clustering in INDOC: A Biomedical Question Answering System

The exponential growth in the volume of publications in the biomedical domain has made it impossible for an individual to keep pace with the advances. Even though evidence-based medicine has gained wide acceptance, the physicians are unable to access the relevant information in the required time, leaving most of the questions unanswered. This accentuates the need for fast and accurate biomedical question answering systems. In this paper we introduce INDOC—a biomedical question answering system based on novel ideas of indexing and extracting the answer to the questions posed. INDOC displays the results in clusters to help the user arrive the most relevant set of documents quickly. Evaluation was done against the standard OHSUMED test collection. Our system achieves high accuracy and minimizes user effort.[1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,11,12,13,14,15,16,17,18,19,20,21,22,23,24]     

居民对社区卫生服务的满意度调查分析

目的:了解居民对社区卫生服务的满意度情况,为提高社区卫生服务质量提供科学依据.方法:采用随机抽样法对青岛市五区/市(市北区、崂山区、李沧区、黄岛区、即墨市)12所社区卫生服务机构抽取样本进行问卷调查并对结果进行分析.结果:对社区卫生服务总体比较满意的人数占调查总人数的81.05％,12.95％的居民对社区卫生服务总体评价为非常满意,但居民对于健康档案的建立、社区卫生服务机构的设备配置以及药品种类满意度较低.结论:青岛市居民对社区卫生服务机构总体满意度较高,但个别服务还有较大的改善空间.     

上海黄浦区社区卫生服务绩效评价与SWOT分析

公立医院规划布局是卫生资源配置极为最重要的一个环节。公立医院的合理配置、优化布局有助于提高医疗资源运行效率,使居民获得最大健康产出。从系统角度出发,要更好地配置公立医院资源,必须更好地发挥公立医院与社区卫生服务机构的协同作用,建立有序的分级诊疗模式。因此,文章结合全民健康覆盖的四个条件,对上海市黄浦区社区卫生服务作绩效评估与SWOT分析,为社区卫生服务的进一步发展提供建议,也为更好地配置公立医院资源提供参考。     

深圳市社区公共卫生服务包运行的成本结构分析

目的 了解深圳市社区公共卫生服务包运行成本的总体情况及财政投入的参考标准。方法 在人力成本、基本支持与保障成本测算的基础上,结合社康中心普查资料与统计年鉴,分析服务包运行中各要素成本及其占财政支出的比例。结果 完成服务包基本项目时,按每万服务人口计,服务包运行成本为64.67万元,其中人力成本占70%,此时服务包成本占同年财政一般性的比例约为1%。结论 深圳市有实力也有必要进一步加大对社区卫生服务的投入,特别是保证人员经费的投入。     

赤眼蜂与柞蚕卵共生细菌群落分析及功能预测

为了探明柞蚕（Antheraea pernyi）卵与赤眼蜂(Trichogramma)之间内共生菌的相互联系，通过16S rRNA高通量测序技术对赤眼蜂和柞蚕卵的内共生菌多样性及相对丰度进行了测定，并通过KEGG和COG分析了内共生菌生物群落代谢途径差异，预测了生物群落蛋白功能。结果表明，柞蚕卵内共生菌物种丰度在各级分类单元上均高于赤眼蜂，二者共有内共生菌为肠杆菌属（Enterobacter）、假单胞菌(Pseudomonas)、泛菌属(Pantoea)、埃希氏杆菌-志贺氏菌属（Escherichia-Shigella）、芽胞杆菌属（Bacillus）和鞘氨醇单胞菌属（Sphingomonas），除芽胞杆菌属隶属于厚壁菌门(Firmicute)外，其他均隶属于变形菌门γ-变形菌纲（γ-proteobacteria）。就相对丰度而言，赤眼蜂体内葡萄球菌属(Staphylococcus)分布量最高，而柞蚕卵内不动杆菌属(Acinetobacter)分布量最高。KEGG代谢途径差异分析表明，微生物群落功能主要为氨基酸和碳水化合物代谢，但不同代谢功能的强弱有差异。COG生物群落蛋白功能预测表明，赤眼蜂内共生菌群落蛋白质的氨基酸转运代谢功能显著强于柞蚕卵，但是柞蚕卵内共生菌群落蛋白的脂质转运代谢功能和信号传导功能显著强于赤眼蜂。尽管赤眼蜂和柞蚕卵内共生菌的丰度和多样性有差异，但二者存在多种共有共生菌，这些共有共生菌为次生共生菌，参与了赤眼蜂和柞蚕卵的氨基酸代谢功能、碳水化合物代谢功能以及胞膜转运功能等，因此可能在柞蚕卵和赤眼蜂之间进行平行传递。     

系谱分析中概率问题的贝叶斯分析一例

《生物学通报》2007年第2期“遗传概率的一个认识误区”一文,给出了一个家系概率问题的答案,但没有详尽的分析过程,不利于初学者的学习掌握,本文对此予以补充和完善。[第一段]     

Community Structure and Role Analysis in Biological Networks

Abstract

Complex network analysis has received increasing interest in recent years, which provides a remarkable tool to describe complex systems of interacting entities, particular for biological systems. In this paper, we propose a methodology for identifying the significant nodes of the networks, including core nodes, bridge nodes and high-influential nodes, based on the idea of community and two new ranking measures, InterRank and IntraRank. The results show the significant nodes form a small number in biological networks, and uncover the relative small number of which has advantage for reducing the dimensions of the network and possibly help to define new biological targets.     

国内三级甲等医院志愿服务现状调查与分析

目的 对国内三级甲等医院开展志愿服务现状进行调查,为建立健全长效机制提供依据。方法 对国内156家三级甲等医院进行问卷调查,利用SPSS软件对数据进行统计学处理。结果 三级甲等医院基本成立了志愿服务部门,负责开展综合服务、就医指导、健康教育和患者咨询等服务。但存在制度法规不健全、机制未形成长效化。结论 目前三级甲等医院在开展志愿服务工作中,急需制定相关制度法规,使志愿服务规范化、长效化、常态化。     

Prediction Models in Configural Frequency Analysis

Configural frequency analysis models are presented for predicting a discrete criterion variable from combining 2 or more discrete predictor variables nonparametrically. Predictions are made via so-called prediction types which allow to predict a criterion class from combined predictor classes. Prediction types are implicitely defined as cells of a 2-dimensional contingeney table with rows as predictor combinations and columns as criterion classes. The CFA is extended for two criteria, and for stratified sampling.     

Improved Part-of-Speech Prediction in Suffix Analysis

Motivation

Predicting the part of speech (POS) tag of an unknown word in a sentence is a significant challenge. This is particularly difficult in biomedicine, where POS tags serve as an input to training sophisticated literature summarization techniques, such as those based on Hidden Markov Models (HMM). Different approaches have been taken to deal with the POS tagger challenge, but with one exception – the TnT POS tagger - previous publications on POS tagging have omitted details of the suffix analysis used for handling unknown words. The suffix of an English word is a strong predictor of a POS tag for that word. As a pre-requisite for an accurate HMM POS tagger for biomedical publications, we present an efficient suffix prediction method for integration into a POS tagger.

Results

We have implemented a fully functional HMM POS tagger using experimentally optimised suffix based prediction. Our simple suffix analysis method, significantly outperformed the probability interpolation based TnT method. We have also shown how important suffix analysis can be for probability estimation of a known word (in the training corpus) with an unseen POS tag; a common scenario with a small training corpus. We then integrated this simple method in our POS tagger and determined an optimised parameter set for both methods, which can help developers to optimise their current algorithm, based on our results. We also introduce the concept of counting methods in maximum likelihood estimation for the first time and show how counting methods can affect the prediction result. Finally, we describe how machine-learning techniques were applied to identify words, for which prediction of POS tags were always incorrect and propose a method to handle words of this type.

Availability and Implementation

Java source code, binaries and setup instructions are freely available at http://genomes.sapac.edu.au/text_mining/pos_tagger.zip.     

基于EEG信号分析处理的癫痫预测研究

癫痫是神经系统的常见病,特点是大脑神经细胞群反复超同步放电,从而引起突发性的脑功能紊乱.由于癫痫发作具有突然性,发作时患者常伴有意识丧失,癫痫的发作常造成患者意外的伤害.如能对癫痫发作进行有效的预测,就可在发作前对患者采取必要的保护措施,从而减少患者受到伤害的风险.癫痫预测的研究也对认识癫痫的发病机制及开发新的治疗方法提供依据.本文介绍了癫痫发作预测常用的方法,研究现状和存在的问题.     

人工流产及流产后关爱服务的现状分析

人工流产后关爱服务(PAC)是一项标准化的服务流程,是对流产后的女性进行的关爱服务,其目的是有效降低重复流产率、保护女性的生殖健康、提升女性的生活质量。目前在我国流产后关爱服务还未完全落到实处,因此需要在各个医院和社区开展的相关活动,推进APC服务的发展。     

里氏木霉(Trichoderma reesei)分泌组的预测及分析

[目的]里氏木霉是一种重要的产纤维素酶工业用菌种,研究其分泌组特性具有现实意义.[方法]应用生物信息学方法对里氏木霉基因组中9997个开放阅读框(ORF)所编码的氨基酸序列进行了分析,获得了294条可能的分泌蛋白序列,并且按功能对其进行了分类,同时用搜索模体的方法在未知功能的序列中找到具有关键模体的序列,初步确定其潜在的功能.对获得的分泌蛋白的信号肽序列进行了分析.[结果]里氏木霉分泌组中有188种水解酶,包括114种糖苷水解酶、42种蛋白水解酶和11种脂类水解酶等;在糖苷水解酶中包括已报道的22种纤维素酶和15种几丁质酶等,以及30条具有潜在纤维素酶功能的蛋白序列.信号肽序列分析结果表明其同源性较低,而在信号肽酶切位点附近则相对保守.[结论]通过该预测和分析开拓了里氏木霉的研究空间,为今后的研究奠定了理论基础.