山东西部肥城煤田晚石炭世鹦鹉螺

记述的鹦鹉螺主要产于太原组煤层顶板的深灰色砂质泥岩，少数产于石灰岩中，共４科７属１４种。其中Ｔａｉｎｏｃｅｒａｔｉｄａｅ科和Ｇｒｙｐｏｃｅｒａｔｉｄａｅ科标本颇为丰富，前一科属种较多，有３属９种。Ｐｌｅｕｒｏｎａｔｉｌｕｓ属曾见于我国北方甘肃、山西、河北等省的上石炭统（尹赞助，１９３３），而Ｔａｉｎｏｃｅｒａｓ，Ｇｚｈｅｌｏｃｅｒａｓ则为华北地区上石炭统首次发现；后一科除我国北方各省已报道的Ｄｏｍａｔｏｃｅｒａｓ外，另建立１新属新种Ｆｅｉｃｈｅｎｇｏｃｅｒａｓｆｏｓｓａｌｕｍｇｅｎ．ｅｔｓｐ．ｎｏｖ．。Ｔｒｉｇｏｎｏｃｅｒａｔｉｄａｅ科和Ｋｏｎｉｎｃｋｉｏｃｅｒａｔｉｄａｅ科在本区上石炭统各发现１属，即Ａｐｈｅｌａｃｅｒａｓ和Ｆｏｏｒｄｉｃｅｒａｓ。从鲁西晚石炭世Ｆｏｏｒｄｉｃｅｒａｓ的发现，表明此属最早应始于晚石炭世，繁盛于二叠纪。晚石炭世本区海水时进时退，在滨海沼泽之后，随之而来的大面积海侵，由于陆缘浅海区阳光充足、盐度正常、藻类极度繁盛，为营游泳生活的鹦鹉螺和底栖生物提供了生存和繁衍的有利条件，故能在生物繁盛、沉积物堆积速度较快的情况下，保存大量完好的生物化石。     

广西宜山地区晚石炭世至早二叠世珊瑚

广西宜山地区上石炭统与下二叠统界线附近的珊瑚由下面上可划分为５个组合带：（１）Ｐａｒａｃａｒｒｕｔｈｅｒｓｅｌｌａ－Ｃａｒｉｎｔｈｉａｐｈｙｌｌｕｍ ｃａｒｎｉｃｕｍ（Ｐａ－Ｃａ）组合带,（２）Ｐｓｅｕｄｏｃａｒｎｉａｐｈｙｌｌｕｍ－Ｐｓｅｕｄｏｚａｐｈｒｅｎｔｏｉｄｅｓ ｍａｐｉｎｇｅｎｓｉｓ－Ａｎｔｈｅｒｉａ ｐｏｌｙｇｏｎａｌｉｓ（Ｐａ－Ｐｍ－Ａ）组合带,（３）Ｃｈｕｓｅｎｏｐｈｙ－Ｐｏｌｙ     

宁夏中卫晚石炭世维斯发期孢粉组合

研究了宁夏中卫下河沿上石炭统羊虎沟组孢子花粉化石５５ 属９８ 种,建立了两个孢粉组合带,即Ｌａｅｖｉｇａｔｏｓｐｏｒｉｔｅｓ ｍ ｅｄｉｕｓ－Ｃｙｃｌｏｇｒａｎｉｓｐｏｒｉｔｅｓ ａｕｒｅｕｓ （ＭＡ）带和Ｔｏｒｉｓｐｏｒａ ｓｅｃｕｒｉｓ－Ｐｕｎｃ－ｔａｔｉｓｐｏｒｉｔｅｓｈｉａｎｓ（ＳＨ）带,其地质时代分别相当于维斯发Ａ－Ｂ期和维斯发Ｃ－Ｄ期．根据孢粉植物群特征,结合古地磁证据,认为中卫维斯发期为温暖潮湿的热带－亚热带气候     

中国顶丝藻科（Acrochaetiaceae）新记录Ⅱ

继续报导中国顶丝藻科新记录６种。柯狄旋体藻Ａｕｄｏｕｉｎｅｌａｃｏｄｉ,栖松旋体藻Ａ．ｃｏｄｉｃｏｌａ,半露旋体藻Ａ．ｅｍｅｒｇｅｎｓ,紫色旋体藻Ａ．ｐｕｒ－ｐｕｒｅａ,疏枝旋体藻Ａ．ｒｙｕｋｙｕｅｎｓｅ,桑托旋体藻Ａ．ｓａｎｃｔｉ－ｔｈｏｍａｅ。     

中国顶丝藻科新记录

继续报导中国顶丝藻科新记录６种。渐尖旋体藻Ａｕｄｏｕｉｎｅｌａａｔｅｎｕａｔａ,球状旋体藻Ａ．ｇｌｏｂｏｓａ,纤细旋体藻Ａ．ｇｒａｃｉｌｉｓ,无柄旋体藻Ａ．ｈｙｐｎｅａｅ,偏枝旋体藻Ａ．ｓｅｃｕｎｄａｔａ,连续旋体藻Ａ．ｓｅｒｉａｔａ。     

中国链格孢属的分类研究II.生于苋科,落葵科和藜科植物上新种与新 …

链格孢生于苋科植物上新种一个，Ａｌｔｅｒｎａｒｉａ ａｃｈｙｒａｎｔｈｉｓ，新记录种一个，Ａ．ｃｅｌｏｓｉａｅ；生于落葵科植物上的新种一个，Ａ．ｂａｓｅｌｌａｅ；生于藜科植物上的新种一个，Ａ．ｃｈｅｎｏｐｏｄｉｉｃｏｌａ，中国新记录种一个，Ａ．ｓｐｉｎａｃｉａｅ。新种模式标本保藏在山东农业大学植物病理学标本室（ＨＳＡＵＰ）。     

黄地老虎颗粒体病毒DNA片段的克隆与颗粒体蛋白基因的定位

用ｐＵＣ１９质粒作载体,克隆了黄地老虎颗粒体病毒（Ａｇｒｏｌｉｓｓｅｇｅｔｕｍｇｒａｎｕｌｏｓｉｓｖｉｒｕｓ,简称ＡｓＧＶ）ＤＮＡＰｓｔＩ－Ｄ．Ｅ．Ｆ．Ｇ．Ｈ．Ｊ．Ｋ．等７个片段。以［￣（３２）Ｐ］－ｄＣＴＰ标记的油桐尺蠖核型多角体病毒（Ｂｕｚｕｒａｓｕｐｐｒｅｓｓａｒｉａｎｕｃｌｃａｒｐｏｌｙｈｅｄｒｏｓｉｓｖｉｒｕｓ简称ＢｓＮＰＶ）多角体蛋白基因为探针,在３７℃条件下对ＡｓＧＶ）颗粒体蛋白基因进行了定位,将其分别定位于ＢｓｌⅡ－Ｓ或ＴＰｓＴＩ－Ａ或Ｂ和ＥｃｉＲＩ－Ａ片段上。     

芦芽山自然保护区雀鹰繁殖习性

芦芽山自然保护区雀鹰繁殖习性肖文,李运生山西省芦芽山自然保护区宁武０３６００７２．山西省生物研究所雀鹰（Ａｃｃｉｐｉｔｅｒｎｉｓｕｓ）已被列入我国二级重点保护野生动物。我们于１９９２—１９９４年３—１０月,在山西省芦芽山自然保护区,对雀鹰的繁殖习性进...     

大山口低等四足类动物群中的两栖类：甘肃玉门晚二叠世脊椎动？…

首次记述了大山口低等四足类动物群中的两栖类,其中走廓泰齿螈（Ｉｎｇｅｎｔｉｄｅｎｓｃｏｒｒｉｄｏｒｉｃｕｓｇｅｎ．ｅｔｓｐ．ｎｏｖ）和祁连兄弟迟滞螈（Ｐｈｒａｔｏｃｈｒｏｎｉｓｑｉｌｉａｎｅｎｓｉｓ ｇｅｎ．ｅｔ．ｓｐ．ｎｏｖ）为石炭蜥目迟滞鳄科（Ａｎｔｈｒａｃｏｓａｕｒｉａ,Ｃｈｒｏｎｉｏｓｕｃｈｉｄａｅ）的新成员,前者个体较大,具为数众多的犬齿状齿和齿骨表面的齿骨沟,冠状骨无齿,下颌表面纹饰蜂     

中国二叠系的底界

牙形刺是二叠系生物地层的主导门类,地叠系的三统九阶的界线层型（ＧＳＳＰ）都将用牙形刺定义。我国石炭－二叠系（Ｃ／Ｐ）的分界应采用与国际上一致的标准,即用牙形刺Ｓｔｒｅｐｔｏｇｎａｔｈｏｄｕｓ ｉｓｏｌａｔｕｓ的首次出现定义二叠系的底界。Ｓ．ｉｓｏｌａｔｕｓ在我国华南、华北均有分布,可精确地确定二叠系的底界。华北太原组应归下二叠统Ａｓｓｅｌｉａｎ阶,我国Ｃ／Ｐ界线地层和Ｓｔｒｅｐｔｏｇｎａｔｈｏｄｕ     

Description of Espielia columellata gen. and sp. nov. (Rugosa) from the Sierra del Castillo Unit (upper Viséan, Córdoba, SW Spain)

The Brigantian rugose coral Espielia columellata gen. and sp. nov. from the Viséan (Carboniferous) Sierra del Castillo Unit (Córdoba, SW Spain) is described in detail. This phaceloid coral has thick wall and septa, one to three rows of regular dissepiments, thick amygdalophylloid columella, typically aulophylloid tabularium, basically fibrous microstructure, and non-parricidal peripheral increase. It is similar to Cionodendron Benson and Smith, 1923, but differs in the shape of the columella, the structure of the tabularium and in having thicker septa. The genera Rylstonia and Carruthersella have similar structures, but they are solitary and possess well developed cardinal fossulae. The new genus is placed in the subfamily Amygdalophyllinae because of the structure of its tabularium and columella.     

A new solitary coral genus of the suborder Heterocoeniina (Scleractinia) from the Aptian (Cretaceous) of Spain

The new scleractinian coral genusHexasmiliopsis is described on the basis of material from the Early Aptian (Early Cretaceous) of Murcia (Spain). The new genus of the Heterocoeniidae family is characterised by its solitary growth form, a very strong main septum and the presence of apophysal septa. It is closely related to the generaHexasmilia (phaceloid growth form),Rodinosmilia andTiarasmilia (both without main septum). The genus is monospecific and represents only the type species,Hexasmiliopsis saldanai.      

Crystallographic orientations of structural elements in skeletons of Syringoporicae (tabulate corals,Carboniferous): implications for biomineralization processes in Palaeozoic corals

The crystallographic orientation of structural elements in skeletons of representatives of Carboniferous Syringoporicae (Auloporida) has been analysed by scanning electron microscopy (SEM), petrographic microscopy and electron backscatter diffraction (EBSD) on specimens from the Iberian Peninsula. The skeletons of the tabulate corals of the Syringoporicae consist of biogenic calcite crystals, and their microstructure is composed of lamellae, fibres and granules, or of a combination of these. Independent of the microstructure, the c‐axis is oriented towards the lumen, quasi‐perpendicular to the growth direction of the skeleton (perpendicular to the morphological axis lamellae, parallel to fibres). Most phaceloid taxa have a turbostratic distribution, as a biogenic response to prevent the cleavage of crystals. Cerioid and some phaceloid corals, whose microstructure is conditioned by wall elements, do not exhibit turbostratic distribution. Wall elements are determined by the biology of each taxon. Holacanth septal spines are composed of fibres arranged in a cone‐shape structure, sometimes clamped to the external part of the corallite and show a complex crystallography. Monacanth septal spines are spindle shaped and composed of bundles of fibres. Tabulae are composed of lamellae. Their development and crystallographic orientation depends on the position of the epithelium in each case. Shared walls are formed by a combination of the walls of two independent corallites with a median lamina, composed of granules; these have a crystallographic orientation between that of the two corallites. The growth of the microstructure is derived by a coordinated stepping mode of growth, similar to other groups of organisms such as molluscs and scleractinians. The nucleation and formation of packages of co‐oriented microcrystals suggest a growth mode similar to mineral bridges with a competitive growth mode between each crystal. The growth pattern of corallites suggests that the growth direction is divided into two main components: a horizontal growth direction towards the lumen and a vertical direction towards the top.     

Arachnids from the Carboniferous of Russia and Ukraine,and the Permian of Kazakhstan

New finds of Late Palaeozoic arachnids, based on three well-preserved carapaces from the Carboniferous of Russia and Ukraine and one complete, albeit poorly preserved, specimen from the Permian of Kazakhstan, are described. The spider genus Arthrolycosa is reported from the Late Carboniferous (Late Pennsylvanian: Kasimovian–Gzhelian) of Chunya in the Tunguska Basin of Siberia; it is the first find of a spider outside the Carboniferous tropics. Another fossil assigned to the same genus comes from the Late Carboniferous (Early Pennsylvanian: Bashkirian) of Kamensk–Shakhtinsky in the Donets Basin of Russia; it is probably the oldest fossil spider known. A thelyphonid (whip scorpion) carapace is described from the Late Carboniferous (Late Pennsylvanian: Kasimovian) of the adjacent Lugansk Province of the Donets Basin of Ukraine.     

Vassiljukia,a new colonial rugose coral from the Early Visean (Mississippian) of the Donets Basin (Ukraine) and NW Turkey

The cerioid colonial coral previously described as Lithostrotion columnariformis from the Early Visean of the Donets Basin (Ukraine) is here reattributed to the new genus Vassiljukia. This genus is introduced for colonial amygdalophylloid developing a stable cerioid habitus. It differs from amygdalophylloid proto-colonies by its ability to produce second generation offsets. This ability is proposed here as a definition to differentiate proto-colonial stages from genuine colonies within the rugose corals. Vassiljukia columnariformis is also known from equivalent strata of northwestern Turkey where it occurs with the oldest cerioid Lithostrotion and Ceriodotia. The origin and affinity of Vassiljukia columnariformis within the Amygdalophyllidae are also discussed.     

河南固始下石炭统杨山组华夏木一新种

描述河南固始杨山煤矿下石炭统杨山组的一个华夏木新种Cathaysiodendronyangshanensesp.nov.,这是近年来继在甘肃靖远早石炭世臭牛沟组中发现华夏木之后该属在早石炭世地层中的又一发现。华夏木属是华夏植物群的特有分子,它在早石炭世的发现对探讨华夏植物群的起源有重要意义。     

Molecular phylogeny of the volvocine flagellates.

Phylogenetic studies of approximately 2,000 bases of sequence from the large and small nuclear-encoded ribosomal RNAs are used to investigate the origins of the genus Volvox. The colonial and multicellular genera currently placed in the family Volvocaceae form a monophyletic group that is significantly closer phylogenetically to Chlamydomonas reinhardtii than it is to the other unicellular green flagellates that were tested, including Chlamydomonas eugametos, Chlorella pyrenoidosa, and Haematococcus lacustris. Statistical analysis of 251 phylogenetically informative nucleotide positions rejects the "volvocine lineage" hypothesis, which postulates a monophyletic evolutionary progression from unicellular organisms (such as Chlamydomonas), through colonial organisms (e.g., Gonium, Pandorina, Eudorina, and Pleodorina) demonstrating increasing size, cell number, and tendency toward cellular differentiation, to multicellular organisms having fully differentiated somatic and reproductive cells (in the genus Volvox). The genus Volvox appears not to be monophyletic. Volvox capensis falls outside a lineage containing other representatives of Volvox (V. aureus, V. carteri, and V. obversus), and both of these Volvox lineages are more closely related to certain colonial genera than they are to each other. This implies either a diphyletic origin of Volvox from different colonial volvocacean ancestors, a phylogenetic derivation of some of the colonial genera from a multicellular (i.e., Volvox) ancestor, or both. Considered together with previously published observations, these results suggest that the different levels of organizational and developmental complexity found in the Volvocaceae represent alternative stable states, among which evolutionary transitions have occurred several times during the phylogenetic history of this group.     

Upper cretaceous rudist and stromatoporid associations of Central Oman (Arabian Peninsula)

Summary Rudist and stromatoporid associations of the Campanian from Central Oman are nearly monospecific. They are dominated byDurania aff.nicholasi, Vaccinites vesiculosus, Torreites milanovici or phaceloid and massive stromatoporids. Several other rudist genera play a secondary role. The thickness of the associations is rarely more than one metre. Solitary corals do not occur in the associations. Colonial corals are less common, although they are up to 1 m high and show considerable diversity. There are no binders. The reef structure indicates variable hydrodynamic conditions. They are always associated with very shallow water. The pureDurania aff.nicholasi patches with large colonial corals andTorreites milanovici are presumably the most rigid structures. The near monospecific associations ofVaccinites vesiculosus are widely distributed. Although mostly preserved in situ, strong currents, presumably caused by tropical storms, have repeatedly impaired and interrupted growth. The specific growth characteristics of the shell of some rudists, especially the radiolitids, enable an estimation of the individual lifespan. Frameworks of approximately 1 metre thickness probably developed in ±100 years. The sediments of the complete sections are predominantly bioclastic.     

The genus Laxifenestella (Bryozoa) from the Lower Carboniferous of the East European platform

Twelve species of the genus Fenestella from the Lower Carboniferous of the East European platform are placed in the genus Laxifenestella Morozova, 1974 based on the analysis of its species composition. These species and their stratigraphical range are described in more detail. Two species are shown to be synonymous. The stratigraphical distribution of these species over the horizons of the Viséan and Serpukhovian stages of the East European platform suggests a high degree of endemism of these bryozoans.     

A NEW CELL STAGE IN THE HAPLOID‐DIPLOID LIFE CYCLE OF THE COLONY‐FORMING HAPTOPHYTE PHAEOCYSTIS ANTARCTICA AND ITS ECOLOGICAL IMPLICATIONS1

Few members of the well‐studied marine phytoplankton taxa have such a complex and polymorphic life cycle as the genus Phaeocystis. However, despite the ecological and biogeochemical importance of Phaeocystis blooms, the life cycle of the major bloom‐forming species of this genus remains illusive and poorly resolved. At least six different life stages and up to 15 different functional components of the life cycle have been proposed. Our culture and field observations indicate that there is a previously unrecognized stage in the life cycle of P. antarctica G. Karst. This stage comprises nonmotile cells that range in size from ～4.2 to 9.8 μm in diameter and form aggregates in which interstitial spaces between cells are small or absent. The aggregates (hereafter called attached aggregates, AAs) adhere to available surfaces. In field samples, small AAs, surrounded by a colony skin, adopt an epiphytic lifestyle and adhere in most cases to setae or spines of diatoms. These AAs, either directly or via other life stages, produce the colonial life stage. Culture studies indicate that bloom‐forming, colonial stages release flagellates (microzoospores) that fuse and form AAs, which can proliferate on the bottom of culture vessels and can eventually reform free‐floating colonies. We propose that these AAs are a new stage in the life cycle of P. antarctica, which we believe to be the zygote, thus documenting sexual reproduction in this species for the first time.