金边卫矛抗寒性研究初探

比较观察了金边卫矛在自然越冬及人工冷驯化期间叶片组织结构及胞内淀粉的变化,并测定了未经冷驯化和经冷驯化的金边卫矛幼苗叶片的光响应曲线及两种处理苗在低温胁迫下的光合速率。结果表明：自然越冬及人工冷驯化期间叶片栅栏细胞出现的液泡分割现象以及胞内淀粉在低温驯化前累积、驯化后降解并在脱锻炼后重新积累,均表现出与植物抗寒性发育高度的一致性;与未驯化苗相比,驯化苗叶片的光合速率和光补偿点下降,光饱和点增大。低温胁迫72h后,驯化苗仍能维持一定的光合作用,而未驯化苗已无光合作用,表明冷驯化提高了幼苗在低温胁迫下光合作用的稳定性。亦对上述适应性变化与抗寒性的关系作了探讨。     

冷驯化提高金边卫矛抗寒力期间细胞ATP酶的超微细胞化学定位

采用磷酸铅沉淀的电镜细胞化学方法,对经冷驯化及未经冷驯化的金边卫矛 EuonymusradicansEmorald&Gold. 以及两者在-5℃下处理1d后的叶肉细胞进行了ATPase的超微细胞化学定位的比较观察,并对冷驯化可提高植物抗寒力及ATPase与植物抗寒性关系进行了探讨.标志ATPase活性反应的磷酸铅沉淀物主要分布在叶片栅栏细胞和海绵细胞的质膜和液泡膜上,ATPase在这两类细胞中的分布及活性无明显差异.金边卫矛幼苗经4℃低温驯化7d后,其质膜和液泡膜的ATPase活性高于22℃下生长的幼苗,冷驯化后的金边卫矛幼苗在-5℃处理1d后,其质膜和液泡膜上仍可观察到ATPase的活性反应,但较低温胁迫前有所降低,且超微结构完整,未见任何伤害.而未经冷驯化的金边卫矛幼苗在-5℃处理1d后,其质膜和液泡膜上的ATPase完全失活,同时细胞的超微结构受到严重伤害.实验结果表明,冷驯化可提高金边卫矛幼苗ATPase在低温胁迫下的稳定性,这种活性变化与植物抗寒力的提高呈正相关,同时还发现液泡膜ATPase活性较质膜ATPase变化幅度大,推测液泡膜可能较质膜ATPase对低温更为敏感.     

低温驯化和外源糖对爪哇伪枝藻冷胁迫的影响

低温是影响荒漠藻类生存的重要环境因子.研究了低温驯化和外源糖对爪哇伪枝藻冷胁迫的作用.实验测定了低温和外源糖处理下伪枝藻某些生理活性指标的变化.结果表明,低温胁迫导致伪枝藻生物量和光合活性的显著降低,低温驯化和外源糖在一定程度上对藻细胞叶绿素α含量和光合活性具有促进作用,低温驯化明显提高了细胞内可溶性蛋白的含量,而对丙二醛的含量影响不大.研究还发现,低温驯化明显降低了细胞膜的相对透性,而外源糖对细胞膜的相对透性影响不大.此外,低温驯化促进了伪枝藻胞外多糖的大量合成.研究结果初步证实了低温驯化和外源糖类对于提高伪枝藻的冷胁迫耐受性具有调节作用.     

植物冷驯化相关基因研究进展

摘要 冷驯化是与提高植物抗冷性有关的生物化学及生理学过程, 主要包括寒驯化(cool acclimation)和冻驯化(freezing acdimation)。在冷驯化过程中, 植物体内许多基因在转录水平上的表达受到影响, 已经克隆了大量的相关基因,它们组成复杂的分子调控网络。目前研究表明不依赖ABA的低温信号转导途径是植物冷驯化机制的重要组成部分, 其中CBF/DREB1是该调控过程的关键转录因子, 与植物通过冷驯化而提高冰冻耐受能力密切相关。进一步利用转基因技术, 可有效地改善作物的耐冷性状。     

植物冷驯化相关基因研究进展

冷驯化是与提高植物抗冷性有关的生物化学及生理学过程,主要包括寒驯化（cool acclimation）和冻驯化（freezing acdimation）。在冷驯化过程中,植物体内许多基因在转录水平上的表达受到影响,已经克隆了大量的相关基因,它们组成复杂的分子调控网络。目前研究表明不依赖ABA的低温信号转导途径是植物冷驯化机制的重要组成部分,其中CBF/DREB1是该调控过程的关键转录因子,与植物通过冷驯化而提高冰冻耐受能力密切相关。进一步利用转基因技术,可以有效地改善作物的耐冷性状。     

外源茉莉酸甲酯对小麦幼苗低温耐受性的影响北大核心CSCD

以矮抗58小麦为材料,探究在冷驯化条件下,外源茉莉酸甲酯对小麦幼苗生理生化特性及抗冻应答因子表达的影响。实验设置两组小麦幼苗,分别用双蒸水和100μmol/L茉莉酸甲酯溶液喷施4℃低温处理组,低温处理一周。生理生化结果表明,100μmol/L浓度外源茉莉酸甲酯喷施处理的小麦幼苗存活率达91%,较低温处理组显著升高,细胞内SOD、CAT和POD活性分别较双蒸水喷施对照组活性升高34%、50%和14%,胞内可溶性蛋白含量增加30%,游离脯氨酸含量提高14%,MDA含量相对下降5%,实验组与对照组间具显著性差异;实时荧光定量PCR结果表明,100μmol/L外源茉莉酸甲酯处理可显著升高冷驯化条件下小麦幼苗中抗寒应答转录因子TaCBFⅣd-B4、TaCBFⅢd-B19、TaCBFⅢc-D3和TaCBFⅢd-D19表达量,其中TaCBFⅣd-B4抗冻应答转录因子表达量最高。结果表明,100μmol/L外源茉莉酸甲酯的喷施能够增强小麦对低温胁迫的耐受能力。     

外源茉莉酸甲酯对小麦幼苗低温耐受性的影响

以矮抗58小麦为材料,探究在冷驯化条件下,外源茉莉酸甲酯对小麦幼苗生理生化特性及抗冻应答因子表达的影响。实验设置两组小麦幼苗,分别用双蒸水和100μmol/L茉莉酸甲酯溶液喷施4℃低温处理组,低温处理一周。生理生化结果表明,100μmol/L浓度外源茉莉酸甲酯喷施处理的小麦幼苗存活率达91%,较低温处理组显著升高,细胞内SOD、CAT和POD活性分别较双蒸水喷施对照组活性升高34%、50%和14%,胞内可溶性蛋白含量增加30%,游离脯氨酸含量提高14%,MDA含量相对下降5%,实验组与对照组间具显著性差异;实时荧光定量PCR结果表明,100μmol/L外源茉莉酸甲酯处理可显著升高冷驯化条件下小麦幼苗中抗寒应答转录因子TaCBFⅣd-B4、TaCBFⅢd-B19、TaCBFⅢc-D3和TaCBFⅢd-D19表达量,其中TaCBFⅣd-B4抗冻应答转录因子表达量最高。结果表明,100μmol/L外源茉莉酸甲酯的喷施能够增强小麦对低温胁迫的耐受能力。     

低温锻炼后桑树幼苗光合作用和抗氧化酶对冷胁迫的响应

以桑树品种“秋雨”为试验材料,研究了桑树幼苗在低温锻炼、冷胁迫和常温恢复期间的光合作用和抗氧化酶活性的变化.结果表明: 12 ℃3 d低温锻炼明显提高了桑树幼苗的抗冷性.3 ℃3 d冷胁迫下,12 ℃3 d低温锻炼后的桑树幼苗叶片净光合速率(P_n)、气孔导度(G_s)和PSⅡ 最大光化学效率(F_v/F_m)明显高于对照(未经低温锻炼)处理的桑树幼苗,而且其在常温下的恢复也较对照桑树幼苗迅速.在12 ℃ 3 d低温锻炼和3 ℃ 3 d冷胁迫期间,桑树幼苗叶片脯氨酸和可溶性糖含量明显增加,而经低温锻炼的桑树幼苗叶片丙二醛(MDA)含量明显低于未经低温锻炼的桑树幼苗,经低温锻炼的桑树幼苗叶片抗坏血酸过氧化物酶(APX)活性则明显高于未经低温锻炼的桑树幼苗.说明渗透调节物质含量增加和APX活性提高在低温锻炼诱导桑树幼苗的抗冷性上发挥着重要的作用.     

植物冷驯化的分子机理研究进展

植物冷驯化是一个非常复杂的过程,包括植物将感受到的低温信号转变成生化信号,以激活冷诱导基因的启动子,刺激特定的mRNA的转录,并在特定的组织中合成冷驯化蛋白.冷驯化蛋白通过增强膜脂流动性和阻止胞间冰晶形成等方式,以保护细胞免受低温伤害.冷驯化基因的表达以转录后调控为主,也有转录调控.某些冷诱导基因也可受ABA或其他环境胁迫(如高温、干旱、高盐、脱水等)诱导表达.     

异色瓢虫成虫冷驯化反应及体内几种酶活力的相关变化

为明确冷驯化反应对异色瓢虫Harmonia axyridis (Pallas) 实验种群成虫耐寒性及其生殖能力的影响, 本研究测定了成虫低温存活率、过冷却点(supercooling point, SCP)、体内含水量及雌虫繁殖能力等。结果表明: 冷驯化（在5℃下诱导3 d, 5 d）后, 成虫再在-5℃下暴露3 d的存活率由对照（预先未进行冷驯化）的46%分别提高至60%和67%, 而诱导10 d后的存活率(51%)反而下降。冷驯化效应在其成虫转移至饲养条件下7 d后就消失。随着低温诱导时间的延长过冷却点及体内含水量均呈现下降趋势, 短时间(5, 10 d)的诱导不能使成虫的SCP明显降低, 但可以使含水量极显著下降。冷驯化后异色瓢虫雌虫产卵前期延长; 虽然冷驯化对雌虫首次产卵量没有影响, 但是随着诱导时间的延长连续观察72 h内单头雌虫累计产卵量却降低。冷驯化过程中成虫体内几种酶活力的检测结果表明: 两种细胞保护酶超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)与过氧化氢酶(CAT)活性升高, 与新陈代谢有关的乳酸脱氢酶(LDH)及Na⁺, K⁺-ATP酶活性却降低。结果显示, 低温胁迫前异色瓢虫成虫经过不同时间的诱导后有可能提高其低温抵抗能力, 而且冷驯化诱导成虫耐寒性增加是一种复杂的生理生化过程, 这一过程对其生存和繁殖具有重要的适应意义。     

Recent advances in the study of Kaposi's sarcoma-associated herpesvirus replication and pathogenesis

It has now been over twenty years since a novel herpesviral genome was identified in Kaposi's sarcoma biopsies. Since then, the cumulative research effort by molecular biologists, virologists, clinicians, and epidemiologists alike has led to the extensive characterization of this tumor virus, Kaposi's sarcoma-associated herpesvirus(KSHV; also known as human herpesvirus 8(HHV-8)), and its associated diseases. Here we review the current knowledge of KSHV biology and pathogenesis, with a particular emphasis on new and exciting advances in the field of epigenetics. We also discuss the development and practicality of various cell culture and animal model systems to study KSHV replication and pathogenesis.     

The structure, reproduction and taxonomy of Vidalia and Osmundaria (Rhodophyta, Rhodomelaceae)

Comprises species occurring mostly in subtidal habitats in tropical, subtropical and warm-temperate areas of the world. An analysis of the type species, V. spiralis (Sonder) Lamouroux ex J. Agardh, a species from Australia, establishes basic characters for distinguishing species in the genus. These characters are (1) branching patterns of thalli, (2) flat blades that may be spiralled on their axis, (3) width of the blade, (4) primary or secondary derivation of sterile and fertile branchlets and (5) position of sterile and fertile branchlets on the thalli. Application of the latter two characters provides an important basic method for separation of species into three major groups. Osmundaria , a genus known only in southern Australia, was studied in relation to Vidalia , and its separation from the Vidalia assemblage is not accepted. Species of Vidalia therefore are transferred to the older genus name, Osmundaria. Two new species, Osmundaria papenfussii and Osmundaria oliveae are described from Natal. Confusion in the usage of the epithet, Vidalia fimbriala Brown ex Turner has been clarified, and Vidalia gregaria Falkenberg, described as an epiphyte on Osmundaria pro/ifera Lamouroux, is revealed to be young branches of the host, Osmundaria prolifera.     

New or rare chromosome counts in Artemisia L. (Asteraceae, Anthemideae) and related genera from Kazakhstan

Fifteen chromosome counts of six Artemisia taxa and one species of each of the genera Brachanthemum, Hippolytia, Kaschgaria, Lepidolopsis and Turaniphytum are reported from Kazakhstan. Three of them are new reports, two are not consistent with previous counts and the remainder are confirmations of very scarce (one to four) earlier records. All the populations studied have the same basic chromosome number, x = 9, with ploidy levels ranging from 2x to 6x. Some correlations between ploidy level, morphological characters and distribution are noted.     

肝癌中HBV和HCV基因和抗原的分布及意义

采用原位分子杂交方法检测HCV RNA及HBV X基因;采用免疫组织化学方法研究HCV核心抗原,非结构区C33c抗原及HBxAg在肝细胞肝癌中的定位及分布.结果表明(1)HCV RNA、HBV X基因在肝细胞肝癌组织检出率分别为40%(55/136)和82%(112/136).HCV RNA定位于癌细胞的胞浆内,阳性细胞呈散在、灶状及弥漫分布三种形式;HBV X基因在肝癌细胞中的分布呈胞浆型、核型及核浆型,阳性细胞也呈上述三种分布形式;(2)HCV C33c抗原、核心抗原在肝细胞肝癌中的阳性率为81%(133/164)及86%(141/164).C33c抗原定位于癌细胞及肝细胞的胞浆内;核心抗原既定位于癌细胞核中,又可定位于胞浆中.C33c抗原阳性细胞以灶状分布为主;而核心抗原阳性细     

Selection with two alleles and complete dominance

For a plant selection model with frequency-independent viabilities, fertilities and selfing rates, it is shown that apart from global fixation, for certain parameter combinations a protected polymorphism and facultative fixation (either allele may become fixed according to initial frequencies) may both occur. Facultative fixation requires different selling rates for the dominant and recessive type. Protection of the polymorphism requires resource allocation for male and female function. In this connection the problem of purely genetically caused population extinction is discussed.
For general frequency dependence and regular segregation, the chances for establishment of a completely recessive gene are compared to those of a completely dominant gene. It is proven that the process of establishment of the recessive gene, despite a fitness advantage, may be considerably endangered by drift effects if random mating prevails. The recessive gene may reach the same effectivity in establishment as a dominant gene, only if the recessive homozygote mates exclusively with its own type during the period of establishment.