基于知识库的植物害虫鉴别计算机辅助系统

在收集大量国内和外来害虫资料及图谱的基础上,采用Visual Basic6.0作为系统开发语言,模拟专家鉴别害虫的思路,建立了3个适合于害虫鉴别的计算机辅助鉴别模式,分别为计算机二叉分类检索表模式、外部特征组合鉴别模式和图谱显示辅助鉴别模式。     

用计算机辅助"问题解决"教学的尝试

如何利用计算机辅助教学进行问题解决学习的教学模式,是当前中学生物学教学改革的一个发展趋势,通过计算机来进行问题解决学习,可以提高教学内容的表现力和感染力,调动学生主动运用多种感官积极参与媒体的活动,使学生由知识的被动接受者转变为知识的主动发现者和探索者,从根本上改变了教与学的过程,不仅能培养学生的观察能力、实验设计能力、概括问题的能力和丰富的想象力．而且能培养学生的科学素养和创新意识,对促进中小学由“应试教育”向素质教育转变具有重要的意义。     

合理用药计算机辅助系统应用中的问题与对策

为了加强医院合理用药管理,医院应用合理用药计算机辅助系统,加上实施的“抗菌药物临床应用监管与评价系统”,形成了临床合理用药计算机网络辅助管理平台,使临床药学工作模式发生了质的改变,有效地增强了全院合理用药的意识和临床医师的合理用药水平。针对软件系统自身和医务人员使用上具有代表性的问题进行了剖析,并提出相应对策。     

核酸顺序的计算机辅助分析系统

本文介绍了一个在微机(IBM PC)上实现的、用于核酸顺序分析的计算机程序系统.该系统由三个层次和18个功能块构成,菜单及人机对话使得用户能较快地掌握和使用它.在编程中,采用了树结构、先进后出栈和稀疏矩阵等数据结构技巧,运用了Bayes法等统计分析方法,Kruskal算法和Floyd算法等一系列图论方法也被得到应用,这个软件系统的推出对于分子生物学研究具有一定的积极作用.     

计算机辅助骨组织工程技术的研究进展

计算机辅助骨组织工程作为一种新的研究领域可以帮助进行复杂的个性化支架的建模,设计和制造,使支架材料达到理想的物理,化学和生物学性能。本文从骨组织工程支架材料的设计路线出发,综述了计算机辅助技术在骨组织工程支架材料上面的应用,并着重探讨了计算机辅助组织建模、骨组织工程支架的设计和快速成型制造技术的最新进展。     

基于3D模型的生物化学计算机辅助教学改革的应用实践

随着教育信息化的发展,传统生物化学教学的改革已是势在必行.通过结构可视化的计算机辅助方式,可以将生物化学中的物质结构、功能以及代谢等较为琐碎的知识点以三维(3D)模型形式在计算机上直观清楚地加以展示,而代谢反应体系中的重点反应过程则可以动画方式完整呈现出来,有助于加深学生对知识的理解与记忆,且课堂学习形式也更加个性化、...     

眼球运动相关EOG信号的波形分析与特征提取

人-计算机交互系统(HCI)是当前计算机与人自然交流的研究热点之一。从眼眶周围记录的眼电图信号(EOG)可以转化为坐标去控制计算机。本文讨论了与眼球扫视运动相关的EOG波形在时域、频域内的分析及特征的提取,并应用简单贝斯分类算法建立原型系统。通过对实验数据的统计分析,初步验证了将眼电图信号转化为坐标点的可行性。     

计算机辅助超声诊断提高卵巢癌诊断的准确性

目的:评估应用计算机辅助阴式超声诊断卵巢癌是否优于单独阴式超声诊断。方法:收集2013年9月-2015年3月在我院进行手术切除的卵巢肿块患者的术前阴式超声(TVS)图像资料,共124例(病理诊断良性80例,恶性44例),平均年龄54.2±9.7岁。建立的图像样本库,每名患者取4幅超声图像,共有496幅图像被分析。首先对图片库内的超声图像进行多模式序列超声识别系统的处理,应用灰度共生矩阵法,获得肿块的各种特征,将感兴趣区域分类为正常组织,良性肿块和恶性肿瘤。两名超声医生人工肉眼对卵巢肿块的原始阴式超声图片进行分析诊断,随后两名医师对计算机辅助诊断(CAD)处理后的图片再次分析诊断,以病理诊断为金标准,利用ROC曲线下肿块区域的面积参数评价单独TVS和TVS结合CAD诊断卵巢癌的准确度差异。比较应用CAD前后的特异性、敏感性、阳性预测值,阴性预测值等指标的差异。结果:TVS结合CAD诊断准确度高于单独TVS,单独TVS诊断ROC曲线下面积(Az)为0.791,95%可信区间[0.725-0.857],TVS结合CAD诊断Az为0.927,95%可信区间[0.883-0.970];TVS结合CAD组诊断卵巢癌的精确度(0.774 vs 0.919,P0.05)、特异性(0.738 vs 0.933,P0.05)及阳性预测值(0.650 vs 0.889,P0.05)较单独TVS诊断明显提高。结论:计算机辅助诊断技术可以辅助超声医师提高卵巢癌诊断的准确度。     

我国首项自主知识产权的“乳腺计算机辅助检测系统”通过国家认证

由沈阳东软医疗系统公司研制生产的“MamoCAD2．0型乳腺计算机辅助检测系统”经辽宁省食品药品监督管理局（国家授权认证机构）审查,符合我国现行的《医疗器械注册管理办法》的规定准许注册（辽食药监械（准）字2008第200001号）。     

计算机辅助筛选核酸适配体技术

计算机信息技术已经渗透到我们生活的方方面面,不仅可以辅助药物的筛选,也能够模拟药物的作用.目前已有研究使用计算机辅助技术筛选适配体,对筛选效率的提升和筛选高亲和力的适配体有着重要的指导作用.文中将主要对计算机通过序列评估、结构分析、分子对接3个方面辅助适配体筛选的方法进行综述.     

微创体外循环在机器人辅助下心脏手术中的应用

目的总结微创体外循环在机器人（AESOP3000）辅助下心脏手术中应用的管理和经验。方法2003年11月～2007年11月,共17例患者接受体外循环下机器人辅助心脏手术,其中房缺修补术10例、室缺修补术2例、二尖瓣置换术4例、二尖瓣成形术1例。右腹股沟做约3—4cm小切口,行股动静脉插管建立体外循环。结果术中转流平稳,血流动力学稳定,未附加颈内静脉引流,仅在个别病例中,采用股静脉引流管上加用暂时性动力负压引流,监测指标均在正常范围,无手术死亡和围手术期并发症。结论微创体外循环的应用是保证机器人辅助心脏手术顺利、成功的重要因素。     

Multifunctional Setup for Studying Human Motor Control Using Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation,Electromyography, Motion Capture,and Virtual Reality

The study of neuromuscular control of movement in humans is accomplished with numerous technologies. Non-invasive methods for investigating neuromuscular function include transcranial magnetic stimulation, electromyography, and three-dimensional motion capture. The advent of readily available and cost-effective virtual reality solutions has expanded the capabilities of researchers in recreating “real-world” environments and movements in a laboratory setting. Naturalistic movement analysis will not only garner a greater understanding of motor control in healthy individuals, but also permit the design of experiments and rehabilitation strategies that target specific motor impairments (e.g. stroke). The combined use of these tools will lead to increasingly deeper understanding of neural mechanisms of motor control. A key requirement when combining these data acquisition systems is fine temporal correspondence between the various data streams. This protocol describes a multifunctional system’s overall connectivity, intersystem signaling, and the temporal synchronization of recorded data. Synchronization of the component systems is primarily accomplished through the use of a customizable circuit, readily made with off the shelf components and minimal electronics assembly skills.     

A computer vision based method for 3D posture estimation of symmetrical lifting

Work-related musculoskeletal disorders (WMSD) are commonly observed among the workers involved in material handling tasks such as lifting. To improve work place safety, it is necessary to assess musculoskeletal and biomechanical risk exposures associated with these tasks. Such an assessment has been mainly conducted using surface marker-based methods, which is time consuming and tedious. During the past decade, computer vision based pose estimation techniques have gained an increasing interest and may be a viable alternative for surface marker-based human movement analysis. The aim of this study is to develop and validate a computer vision based marker-less motion capture method to assess 3D joint kinematics of lifting tasks. Twelve subjects performing three types of symmetrical lifting tasks were filmed from two views using optical cameras. The joints kinematics were calculated by the proposed computer vision based motion capture method as well as a surface marker-based motion capture method. The joint kinematics estimated from the computer vision based method were practically comparable to the joint kinematics obtained by the surface marker-based method. The mean and standard deviation of the difference between the joint angles estimated by the computer vision based method and these obtained by the surface marker-based method was 2.31 ± 4.00°. One potential application of the proposed computer vision based marker-less method is to noninvasively assess 3D joint kinematics of industrial tasks such as lifting.     

A Markerless 3D Computerized Motion Capture System Incorporating a Skeleton Model for Monkeys

In this study, we propose a novel markerless motion capture system (MCS) for monkeys, in which 3D surface images of monkeys were reconstructed by integrating data from four depth cameras, and a skeleton model of the monkey was fitted onto 3D images of monkeys in each frame of the video. To validate the MCS, first, estimated 3D positions of body parts were compared between the 3D MCS-assisted estimation and manual estimation based on visual inspection when a monkey performed a shuttling behavior in which it had to avoid obstacles in various positions. The mean estimation error of the positions of body parts (3–14 cm) and of head rotation (35–43°) between the 3D MCS-assisted and manual estimation were comparable to the errors between two different experimenters performing manual estimation. Furthermore, the MCS could identify specific monkey actions, and there was no false positive nor false negative detection of actions compared with those in manual estimation. Second, to check the reproducibility of MCS-assisted estimation, the same analyses of the above experiments were repeated by a different user. The estimation errors of positions of most body parts between the two experimenters were significantly smaller in the MCS-assisted estimation than in the manual estimation. Third, effects of methamphetamine (MAP) administration on the spontaneous behaviors of four monkeys were analyzed using the MCS. MAP significantly increased head movements, tended to decrease locomotion speed, and had no significant effect on total path length. The results were comparable to previous human clinical data. Furthermore, estimated data following MAP injection (total path length, walking speed, and speed of head rotation) correlated significantly between the two experimenters in the MCS-assisted estimation (r = 0.863 to 0.999). The results suggest that the presented MCS in monkeys is useful in investigating neural mechanisms underlying various psychiatric disorders and developing pharmacological interventions.     

Swimming performance is reduced by reflective markers intended for the analysis of swimming kinematics

The present study aimed to clarify whether swimming performance is affected by reflective markers being attached to the swimmer’s body, as is required for a kinematic analysis of swimming. Fourteen well-trained male swimmers (21.1 ± 1.7 yrs) performed maximal 50 m front crawl swimming with (W) and without (WO) 25 reflective markers attached to their skin and swimwear. This number represents the minimum required to estimate the body’s center of mass. Fifty meter swimming time, mid-pool swimming velocity, stroke rate, and stroke length were determined using video analysis. We found swimming time to be 3.9 ± 1.6% longer for W condition. Swimming velocity (3.3 ± 1.8%), stroke rate (1.2 ± 2.0%), and stroke length (2.1 ± 2.7%) were also significantly lower for W condition. To elucidate whether the observed reduction in performance was potentially owing to an additional drag force induced by the reflective markers, measured swimming velocity under W condition was compared to a predicted velocity that was calculated based on swimming velocity obtained under WO condition and an estimate of the additional drag force induced by the reflective markers. The mean prediction error and ICC (2,1) for this analysis of measured and predicted velocities was 0.014 m s⁻¹ and 0.894, respectively. Reducing the drag force term led to a decrease in the degree of agreement between the velocities. Together, these results suggest that the reduction in swimming performance resulted, at least in part, from an additional drag force produced by the reflective markers.     

受溶氧浓度调控的新型大肠杆菌表达系统

利用透明颤菌(Vitreoscilla sp.)的血红蛋白基因在大肠杆菌中的转录过程受环境溶氧浓度调控,在贫氧条件下基因转录被激活的性质,构建了一个在贫氧条件下能高效表达外源基因的新型大肠杆菌表达系统。该表达系统包括一个古血红蛋白基因启动子元件控制T7RNA聚合酶基因表达的低拷贝质粒的宿主菌GJ100和另一个T7启动子控制外源基因表达的质粒载体。研究结果表明大肠杆菌本身的硫氧还蛋白,原核生物的金黄色葡萄球菌A蛋白IgG结合区(ZZ),真核生物的蛇神经毒素融合蛋白,鲑鱼降钙素六聚体,人白细胞介素Ⅱ和人尿激酶原等基因均能在该系统中获得高效表达。重组蛋白表达的水平可达细胞总蛋白的30％以上。