Recommendation on the Methodics of Determining some Metabolic Products contained in rumen juice and blood

Abstract

for subject 9.2 ?Use of non-protein-nitrogen compounds in ruminant feeding“, prepared by the Comecon work-group on the occasion of the Methodical Conference held from 6th to 11th of February, 1969, in Berlin, German Democratic Republic.

for subject 9.2 ?Use of non-protein-nitrogen compounds in ruminant feeding“, prepared by the Comecon work-group on the occasion of the Methodical Conference held from 6th to 11th of February, 1969, in Berlin, German Democratic Republic.     

Complete Genome Sequence of Seoul Virus Isolated from Rattus norvegicus in the Democratic People's Republic of Korea

Seoul virus (SEOV) is responsible for 25% of cases of hemorrhagic fever with renal syndrome in Asia. Here we report the complete genome of strain DPRK08. The sequence information provided here is useful for understanding the molecular character of SEOV in the Democratic People''s Republic of Korea (DPRK) and the circulation of SEOV in East Asia.     

A note on the weed vegetation of Soya bean fields in North Korea

The paper presents some data on the weed vegetation of soya bean fields in lowlands and on the slopes of the Changbaishan Mts., in the Democratic People's Republic of Korea. Two plant communities,Acalypho australis-Digitarietum pectiniformis Dostálek, Kolbek etJarolímek 1990 andCephalonoploso segetii-Geranietum eriostemonii Dostálek, Kolbek etJarolímek 1990 are described and their syntaxonomy briefly discussed.     

International Law and Western Sahara’s Maritime Area

Abstract

Western Sahara’s coastal waters have become contentious because of seabed petroleum exploration and fisheries undertaken pursuant to treaties between Morocco and the European Union, Japan, and Russia. These activities have been protested by the territory’s government-in-exile, the Saharawi Arab Democratic Republic. In 2017 Morocco announced its intention to adopt legislation to create an exclusive economic zone (EEZ) on the territory’s coast. This article considers the status of Saharan coastal waters in the circumstances of decolonization and occupation. The obligations on states interested in exploring and extracting Saharan ocean resources are considered and are argued to be restrictive regardless of the status of the territory’s coastal waters and recognition of a Saharawi state.     

Effects of consecutive,contrasting, winters on the bird population of an Anglesey pine plantation

Capsule European Nightjars Caprimulgus europaeus breeding in southern England were found to over-winter in the Democratic Republic of Congo.

Aims To ascertain the wintering areas and migration routes of European Nightjars breeding in southern England.

Methods The wintering areas of three Nightjars were mapped using light geolocation tags (two in 2008 and one in 2010). For one of these birds, details of the timing and route of migration were determined. The impact of the birds' behaviour on location accuracy was measured and data on the timing of emergence and roosting was collected.

Results All three Nightjars were found to be wintering in the south and east of the Democratic Republic of Congo, in an area not previously considered to be part of the wintering range of this species. The route of migration differed in each period. Autumn migration was across central Sahara, whereas in spring the route was to the west of the Sahara. Aberrations in the light curve caused by the roosting and emergence of the birds were found to affect the estimated location of the wintering areas, shifting them approximately 1° south, and reducing the estimated accuracy of the locations. The timing of these aberrations showed that roosting and emergence roughly follow the timing of dawn and dusk.

Conclusions Current distribution maps for the wintering areas of Nightjars in Africa probably under-represent the true distribution of the species in the continent. The wide dispersal of birds from the same breeding area in the UK may be an indication of mixing of breeding populations during the wintering period. Further study is needed to understand how these results fit into the larger picture of Nightjar migration both from the UK and the wider Eurasian breeding range, and to determine locations of stopovers.     

Reflections on Grant Evans’ The Politics of Ritual and Remembrance: Laos since 1975

In this article I reflect on Grant Evans’ landmark and influential The Politics of Ritual and Remembrance: Laos since 1975, the way in which this book relates to the transformation from socialism to post‐socialism in the Lao People's Democratic Republic (LPDR), to the crisis of legitimacy of the communist regime, and to issues of social memory, Buddhism, nationalism, iconography, and ethnic minorities. I also consider how other scholars have engaged with The Politics of Ritual and Remembrance both critically and supportively since the publication of the monograph in 1998 . I include in my analysis some observations on Evans’ quite radical change in political views over his career as a student, journalist and academic, culminating in his critique of socialism in general and the LPDR in particular and his controversial sympathy for the Lao monarchy.     

Melon rugose mosaic virus, the cause of a disease of watermelon and sweet melon

A mechanically transmissible virus with isometric particles c. 32 nm in diameter, was isolated from infected watermelons and sweet melons in the People's Democratic Republic of Yemen. Purified virus preparations contained two major sedimenting components with sedimentation coefficients of 61S and 117S. In isopycn ic centrifugation in CsCl the particles formed a single band of buoyant density 1.39 g cm^-3. Preparations of virus particles comprised of a single polypeptide of mol. wt c. 22 000 and ssRNA of mol. wt 2.1 × 10⁶. The virus was serologically related to three of six subgroups of tymoviruses tested. The name melon rugose mosaic virus is proposed for this newly described virus.     

Current Status of Human Taeniasis in Lao People's Democratic Republic

Human taeniasis was investigated in Lao People''s Democratic Republic (Lao PDR) between 2000 and 2011 as part of the nation''s helminthiasis survey. A total of 55,038 inhabitants, including 29,846 school children, were examined using the Kato-Katz and scotch-tape anal swab method, and morphological observation of adult worms. Molecular identification of Taenia tapeworms was performed by multiplex PCR or DNA sequence analysis of the mitochondrial cox1 gene. Taenia eggs were present at a rate of 1.5% (845/55,038) in the subject population. Adult tapeworms were identified as T. solium or T. saginata by analyzing the collectable stool specimens (n=126). Three specimens identified as T. solium were found in Luang Prabang, while the remaining 123 specimens, which were T. saginata, were found in Bokeo, Bolikhamxay, Champasak, Houaphan, Khammouane, Luang Namta, Luang Prabang, Oudomxay, Phongsaly, Saysomboune, Saravane, Savannakhet, Xayaboury, Xekong, Xieng Khouang Province, and Vientiane Municipality.     

Australian Anthropology,Ideology and Political Repression: The Cold War Experience of Frederick G. G. Rose

It is more than half a century since Frederick G. G. Rose (1915–1991) published his classic text, The classification of kin, age structure and marriage amongst the Groote Eylandt Aborigines: A study in method and a theory of kinship (1960) in the former German Democratic Republic. Although the fieldwork for his thesis had been carried out in Australia on Groote Eylandt in 1938 and 1941, a conservative academic establishment and the political climate of the Cold War postponed its publication until 1960. Why were Rose's fieldwork findings suppressed by the powerful gate-keeper of Australian anthropology, Professor Adolphus Peter Elkin (1891–1979)? Moreover, why was Rose later denied a government permit to revisit Groote Eylandt and Central Australia to further his research? This paper examines the early work of the communist anthropologist, Frederick Rose, within the broad context of Western post-war anthropological developments, an expanding capitalist economy and the political tensions of the Cold War era. As a communist and public servant from 1938 to 1954, Rose was forced, after the Petrov Royal Commission cast him under a cloud of suspicion, to seek institutional support for his academic career in the German Democratic Republic.     

New records and updated checklist of mosquitoes (Diptera: Culicidae) from Lao People's Democratic Republic,with special emphasis on adult and larval surveillance in Khammuane Province

A list of mosquitoes from the Nakai Nam Theun National Protected Area along the Nam Theun, Nam Mon, Nam Noy, and Nam On rivers, Nakai District, Khammuane Province, Lao People's Democratic Republic (Lao PDR) is presented. Fifty‐four mosquito taxa were identified, including 15 new records in the Lao PDR. A fragment of the mtDNA cytochrome c oxidase subunit I (COI) gene, barcode region, was generated for 34 specimens, and together with four specimens already published, it represented 23 species in eight genera. In addition, an updated checklist of 170 mosquito taxa from Lao PDR is provided based on field collections from Khammuane Province, the literature, and specimens deposited in the Smithsonian Institution, National Museum of Natural History (SI‐NMNH), Washington, DC, U.S.A. This paper provides additional information about the biodiversity of mosquito fauna in Lao PDR.     

Field survey focused on Opisthorchis viverrini infection in five provinces of Cambodia

BackgroundOpisthorchiasis is endemic in Thailand and Lao People's Democratic Republic and constitutes a major public health problem throughout the Mekong Basin. Although Cambodia is located in the Mekong Basin, the status of O. viverrini infection in that country was not previously clarified. This research was conducted to document the extent and distribution of O. viverrini infection in Cambodia.MethodsSurveillance was conducted in 55 villages in five Cambodian provinces. Research tools included stool examination using the Kato–Katz thick-smear technique, identification of intermediate hosts, and interviews covering factors related to O. viverrini infection. Some larvae and egg-positive stool samples were examined using PCR to detect O. viverrini DNA.ResultsA total of 16,082 stool samples from the 55 villages were examined, of which 1232 were egg positive. In 15 villages with egg-positive rates of greater than 10%, eggs were found in 998 of 3585 stool samples, for an egg-positive rate of 27.8%. PCR analysis showed that 30 of 33 samples were positive for O. viverrini DNA from five villages in Kampong Cham and Kampong Thom provinces. The first intermediate host Bithynia siamensis siamensis was identified in the target areas of Takaev, Kandal, and Kampong Cham provinces. Cercariae were identified morphologically as O. viverrini and some were confirmed using PCR. Metacercariae of O. viverrini were identified by morphologic observations, animal experiments, or PCR in six species of fish in the target areas.Discussion and conclusionsFour Cambodian provinces were identified as endemic areas of O. viverrini infection. Careful planning is necessary for effective field surveys, because complex environmental factors might be involved in the distribution of O. viverrini infection-endemic areas in Cambodia. Many problems remain to be resolved regarding the status of O. viverrini infection in Cambodia, and a nationwide baseline survey is necessary.     

Genome Sequence of the Aerobic Bacterium Bacillus sp. Strain FJAT-13831

Bacillus sp. strain FJAT-13831 was isolated from the no. 1 pit soil of Emperor Qin''s Terracotta Warriors in Xi''an City, People''s Republic of China. The isolate showed a close relationship to the Bacillus cereus group. The draft genome sequence of Bacillus sp. FJAT-13831 was 4,425,198 bp in size and consisted of 5,567 genes (protein-coding sequences [CDS]) with an average length of 782 bp and a G+C value of 36.36%.     

Reduction Patterns of Acute Schistosomiasis in the People's Republic of China

Background

Despite significant, steady progress in schistosomiasis control in the People''s Republic of China over the past 50 years, available data suggest that the disease has re-emerged with several outbreaks of acute infections in the early new century. In response, a new integrated strategy was introduced.

Methods

This retrospective study was conducted between Jan 2005 and Dec 2012, to explore the effectiveness of a new integrated control strategy that was implemented by the national control program since 2004.

Results

A total of 1,047 acute cases were recorded between 2005 and 2012, with an annual reduction in prevalence of 97.7%. The proportion of imported cases of schistosomiasis was higher in 2011 and 2012. Nine clusters of acute infections were detected by spatio-temporal analysis between June and November, indicating that the high risk areas located in the lake and marshland regions.

Conclusion

This study shows that the new integrated strategy has played a key role in reducing the morbidity of schistosomiasis in the People''s Republic of China.     

Likely future extirpation of another Asian river dolphin: The critically endangered population of the Irrawaddy dolphin in the Mekong River is small and declining

The population of Irrawaddy dolphins that occupies the Mekong River in southern Lao People's Democratic Republic and Cambodia is classified as Critically Endangered by the IUCN. Based on capture‐recapture of photo‐identified individuals, we estimated that the total population numbered 93 ±  SE 3.90 individuals (95% CI 86–101), as of April 2007. The combined photo‐identification and carcass recovery program undertaken from 2001 to 2007 established that the Irrawaddy dolphin population inhabiting the Mekong River has reached a critical point with regards to its continued survival, where immediate research and management actions are required to greatly reduce adult mortality, and establish the cause of newborn mortality. In addition, community consultation is required to initiate, and evaluate, urgently required conservation measures. An ongoing well‐designed combined program of abundance estimation (i.e., photo‐identification) and carcass recovery is required to monitor total population size and mortality rates, to inform and evaluate management initiatives. The conclusions of this paper are likely generic to river dolphin populations, particularly where photo‐identification is possible.     

Book Reviews

The Monthly Sky Guide, Fifth Edition. Ian Ridpath and Wil Tirion. New York: Cambridge University Press. 1999. 64 pp. $16.95 (paperback). ISBN: 0-521-66771-2.

The Kingfisher Young People's Book of Planet Earth. Martin Redfern. New York: Kingfisher Publications. 1999. 96 pp. $19.95 (hardcover). ISBN: 0-7534-5180-8.

The Talking Tree. Rita McKenzie. Champaign, Ill.: International Society of Arborculture. 28 pp. ISBN: 1-88195-622-9.

The Inventive Mind in Science: Creative Thinking Activities. Christine Ebert and Edward S. Ebert II. Engle-wood, Colo.: Teacher Ideas Press. 1998. 241 pp. (paperback). ISBN: 1-56308-387-6.

Roots, Shoots, Buckets and Boots. Sharon Lovejoy. New York: Workman Publishing. 1999. 159 pp. $13.95 (paperback). ISBN: 0-7611-1056-9.     

Experiencing Experimentation and Project Design

Richardson, David Vanishing Lichens New York: Macmillan, 1975 231 pp., $12.00. Reviewed by Emanuel D. Rudolph

Van Emden, H. F. Ecology of Pest Control (The Institute of Biology's Studies in Biology No. 50) New York: Crane, Russak &; Co., 1975 59 pp., $2.75 paper. Reviewed by W. L. Gojmerac

Behrens, June Look at the Sea Animals (An Elk Grove Book) Chicago: Children's Press, 1975 38 pp., $4.50. Reviewed by Harriet S. Gussin

Bok, Bart J., and Bok, Priscilla F. The Milky Way, 4th ed. Cambridge, Mass.: Harvard University Press, 1974 273 pp., $15.00. Reviewed by Arnold Heiser

Schneider, Herman, and Schneider, Nina Science Fun with a Flashlight New York: McGraw-Hill, 1975 42 pp., $5.72. Reviewed by Van E. Neie

Behrens, June True Book of Metric Measurement Chicago: Children's Press, 1975 46 pp., $3.95. Reviewed by Sue Hall     

On the true identity of Sergentomyia gemmea and description of a closely related species: Se. raynali n. sp

Several species of Leishmania are responsible for leishmaniases in Thailand, although little is known about their transmission. Sergentomyia gemmea has been suspected several times to transmit Leishmania martiniquensis. Some captures carried out in Thailand and Lao People's Democratic Republic have emphasized the scarcity of Se. gemmea, comprising only 1% of the collected females. The sequencing of cytochrome B mtDNA of our specimens showed that our specimens are not grouped with other Se. gemmea previously deposited in GenBank. The latter are grouped with some Se. khawi and Se. hivernus that we processed in the present study. We suspect misidentifications and propose focusing on the most useful characters for identification of Se. gemmea based on the examination of type‐specimens. The examination of the ascoids exhibiting anterior spurs is the most important one. However, we also describe Se. raynali n. sp. exhibiting comparable spurs but differing from Se. gemmea by its original cibarium. Finally, the vectorial role of Se. gemmea appears very questionable in the absence of new evidence.     

French marine policy in the 1970s and 1980s

Abstract

France, hitherto more “continental”; than “maritime,”; increasingly developed its ocean activities in the 1970s and 1980s. This article describes the different sectors of its marine activities and evolvement of a different outlook concerning the sea. Important events such as the 1976 Proclamation and subsequent implementation of the French 200‐nautical mile Exclusive Economic Zone, and 1981 formation of a new Socialist government in France after 23 years of uninterrupted “Gaullist”; rule, offered a unique opportunity to restructure marine policy. The new Ministry of the Sea was intended to integrate marine policy and cater to a developing ocean “constituency.”; It was eventually downgraded to a “Secrétariat d'Etat,”; but its impact was undeniably important.     

Identification of soybean mosaic, southern bean mosaic and tobacco ringspot viruses from soybean in the People's Republic of China

Samples of soybean plants with virus-like symptoms were collected from several locations in the People's Republic of China in 1981. These samples were used to prepare inocula for mechanical inoculation to soybean. Twenty-one virus cultures were obtained, the identities of which were determined by serology, symptomatology and host range. Sixteen cultures contained only soybean mosaic virus, four of which were more pathogenic than any previously studied; one culture contained only tobacco ringspot virus, another only southern bean mosaic virus, and three other cultures mixed infections of soybean mosaic and southern bean mosaic viruses. This is the first report of the occurrence of tobacco ringspot virus and southern bean mosaic virus in soybean in the People's Republic of China.