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1.
一种改进的阴茎电刺激采精法和猕猴藏酋猴及熊猴的采精及其精液特征的初步研究 总被引:6,自引:2,他引:4
本文报道了一种改进的阴茎电刺激采精法,用脱脂棉和铝箔作为电极,以避免直接用金属电极可能对阴茎的损伤,并运用这一方法对猕猴(Macacamulatta)、藏酋猴(M.thibetana)和熊猴(M.assamensis)进行了电刺激采精及其精液特征研究。电刺激采精模式为连续刺激和间断刺激方式。在采精过程中没有发生阴茎损伤。对初次接受电刺激采精的动物以间断刺激模式效果较好。猕猴、藏酋猴和熊猴的射精体积分别为2.0±0.1、6.3±1.1和3.2±0.6ml;液化体积分别为0.7±0.6、2.1±0.4和1.7±0.3ml;精子浓度分别为12.6±1.2×10~8、45.6±5.6×10~8和11.5±0.9×10~8/ml。3种动物精液的液化率分别为:猕猴36.2±0.9%,藏酋猴34.0±1.4%;熊猴51.8±1.2%。3种动物的精子总数与射精体积和凝块体积没有相关性(r~2=0.079;0.016;0.094和r~2=0.064;0.020;0.072)。上述结果表明:1)改进的阴茎电刺激采精法适用于猕猴,特别是阴茎表面较为粗糙的藏酋猴和熊猴;2)藏酋猴的射精体积和精子总数是迄今已报道的非人灵长类中最大的,可能 相似文献
2.
磷脂酰甘油分子种与杨树抗寒性关系的研究 总被引:6,自引:0,他引:6
用高效液相色谱(HPLC)方法分析了杨树叶磷脂酰甘油(PG)的分子种组成,用酶解和气相色谱(GC)方法分析了PG脂肪酸定位,比较了抗寒性不同的杨树叶片PG分子种。结果表明,杨树叶片PG主要含有以下的分子种脂肪酸组成(sn-1和sn-2):18:18:2(18:2/18:3),18:3/16:1(3t);18:3/16:0;18:2/16:1(3t);16:0/18:2,18:2/16:0;18:1 相似文献
3.
慢性低氧对大鼠肺内几种原癌基因表达的影响 总被引:3,自引:0,他引:3
本文用原位杂交技术动态观察了慢性低氧大鼠肺内原癌基因jun、fos和myb的表达,结果发现:(1)正常大鼠肺内有一定量的junmRNA表达,少见到myb及fos的表达;(2)低氧1周时,jun的表达较正常下降,2周后有所增加。低氧3周后,jun的mRNA表达较正常明显上升;(3)低氧1、2周后,myb的表达明显增加,3周时基本恢复到正常水平;(4)fos原癌基因在低氧1、2周时有一定量的表达,低氧3周时达最大值。提示低氧可刺激大鼠肺内原癌基因jun、myb和fos的表达。 相似文献
4.
植物细胞胞内产物释放行为研究进展 总被引:5,自引:0,他引:5
本文介绍了植物细胞培养中胞内产物释放的研究现状,包括:1、化学法:(1)有机溶剂法,(2)抗生素法,(3)蛋白质、溶血卵磷脂、脱乙酰几丁质,(4)去污剂、螯合剂;2、物理法:(1)渗透压冲击,(2)温度冲击,(3)电处理,(4)超声波处理、激光打孔,3、pH扰动及生物碱在胞内积累的两种机理 。 相似文献
5.
丹皮酚对心肌细胞自律性和延迟后除极的影响 总被引:8,自引:0,他引:8
目的与方法:采用常规玻璃微电极技术研究丹皮酚对离体心肌细胞自律性(AM)、延迟后除极(DAD) 及触发活动(TA)的影响。结果:1.8×10-4mol/L丹皮酚灌流组,肾上腺素(Adr)的阈浓度空白对照组为(1.28±0.57)μmol/L,药后为(1.56±0.53)μmol/L(n=9,P>0.05);用(1.8×10- 3) mol/L丹皮酚(Pae)灌流组,Adr 浓度由空白对照组的(1.22 ±0.62)μmol/L升高到(6.22±2.11)μmol/L(n=9,P<0.01)。1.8×10-3mol/L的Pae 能明显抑制哇巴因(Oua)诱发的DAD的幅值,当基本刺激周长为500,400,300 和200 ms 时,其DAD幅值从(5.5±2.0)mV,(7.3±2.1)mV,(8.0 ±2.4)mV和(9.2±1.9)mV减小到(3.0±1.1)mV、(3.6±1.7)mV,(4.3±2.0) mV和(5.9 ±1.6) mV,P<0.01。当基本刺激周长为200 ms时,TA 数目由5.5±1.0 降至0.7±0.3(P<0.01)。结论:丹皮酚能抑制心肌细胞AM、DAD及TA,具有抗心律失常作用 相似文献
6.
植物细胞内产物释放行为研究进展 总被引:6,自引:0,他引:6
本文介绍了植物细胞培养中胞内产物释放的研究现状,包括:1、化学法:(1)有机溶剂法,(2)抗生素法,(3)蛋白质、溶血卵磷脂、脱乙酰几丁质,(4)去污剂、螯合剂;2.物理法:(1)渗透压冲击,(2)温度冲击,(3)电处理,(4)超声波处理、激光打孔,3、pH扰动及生物碱在胞内积累的两种机理。 相似文献
7.
实验材料为乌拉坦麻醉的鸣禽黄雀(Carduelis spinus)。观察了电及化学刺激新纹状体前部大细胞核外侧部(1MAN)对发声和呼吸的影响。结果如下:(1)电刺激1MAN的不同区域都引起鸣叫反应。(2)长串电脉冲刺激1MAN使呼吸频率增加,呼吸幅度降低。(3)短串电脉冲刺激1MAN,落位于吸气相,产生吸气要断效应;落位于呼气相,可使呼气时程延长,以冲刺激1MAN,落位于吸气相,产生吸气切断效应 相似文献
8.
用高效液相色谱法和酶解的方法检测了银杏叶片磷脂酰甘油(PG)脂肪酸的分子种组成和位置分布,确定银杏叶片PG主要分子种的脂肪酸组成(sn1/sn2)是18∶3/16∶1(3t),18∶3/16∶0,18∶2/16∶1(3t),18∶2/16∶0,18∶1/16∶1(3t),16∶0/16∶1(3t),18∶1/18∶1,18∶1/16∶0和16∶0/16∶0。银杏叶片PG脂肪酸组成和位置分布的分析结果表明,C18脂肪酸主要位于sn1位,16∶1(3t)只分布于sn2位,16∶0在sn1位和sn2位上均有发现。sn1位上的不饱和度∑u大于sn2位上的∑u。 相似文献
9.
神经生长因子家族及其受体研究进展 总被引:9,自引:0,他引:9
过去几年在神经营养因子、受体和神经元细胞程序性死亡的研究领域中取得了几项引人注目的进展:(1)神经生长因子(NGF)基因家族的其他一些成员包括脑源性神经营养因子(BDNF)、神经营养素-3(NT-3)、神经营养素-4(NT-4)、神经营养素-5(NT-5)的发现;(2)神经生长因子三维结构及功能和进化之关系的阐明;(3)定性了两种神经生长因子受体P75^NGFR和原癌基因p140^trkA以及相关 相似文献
10.
11.
Williams CG 《American journal of botany》2010,97(5):846-855
Viability of long-distance pollen links ecological models to the genetic structure of forest tree populations, determining how forests will adapt to climate change and how far genes flow from genetically modified (GM) pine plantations. Addressing this landscape-scale inquiry is feasible when the pollen source, the delivery system, and the receiver field can be made explicit. To this end, I measured long-distance pollen germination along a 160-km transect along the North Carolina coastline, including 45000 ha of mature Pinus taeda plantations and barrier islands. Using this system, I tested three hypotheses: (1) pine pollen germinates after dispersal on meso-scale distances, (2) sodium chloride exposure reduces germination of pollen captured over open saltwater, and (3) viable pine pollen is present at high altitudes before local peak pollen shed. The experimental findings are as follows: pine pollen had germination rates of 2 to 57% after dispersal at distances from 3 to 41 km, sodium chloride solutions mildly reduced P. taeda pollen germination, and viable pine pollen grains were captured at an altitude of 610 m. GM pine plantings thus have a potential to disperse viable pollen at least 41 km from the source. Wind and rainfall, as integral parts of regional atmospheric systems, together exert a powerful influence on the genetic structure of forest tree populations. 相似文献
12.
Abstract. 1. Survival of newly emerged jack pine budworm Choristoneura pinus pinus is related to the density of available pollen cones (microsporangiate strobili) produced by its host tree, jack pine Pinus banksiana. 2. A 7‐year time series of observations from a plot network in Ontario, Canada, compared the propensity of jack pine to produce pollen cones, τ, on trees that were either defoliated or undisturbed by the jack pine budworm. 3. Non‐defoliated jack pine trees have a high propensity to produce pollen cones. More than one‐third of these trees produced pollen cones in every year of the series. Propensity varied significantly among plots and trees. Temporal patterns in propensity were also highly variable but within a plot propensity was often autocorrelated in time. 4. Defoliation by the jack pine budworm was associated with forest plots composed of the oldest and the largest trees and with the fewest trees per hectare. Within a plot, outbreaks lasted 3 or 4 years although individual trees were only defoliated in 1 or 2 years. 5. The propensity to produce pollen cones in jack pine was reduced in the years after defoliation. The most pronounced reductions in propensity occurred where defoliation was most severe. 6. The reduction in propensity to produce pollen cones resulting from previous defoliation, coupled with the dependence of jack pine budworm survival on the availability of pollen cones, induces a lagged, negative feedback between the density of the consumer and that of its resource. 7. The lagged, density‐dependent relationship between jack pine budworm and its jack pine host contributes to oscillatory dynamics of the jack pine budworm. Comparison of the outbreak behaviour of jack pine budworm with that of the closely related eastern spruce budworm C. fumiferana suggests that differences in the strength of the host‐plant interaction may account for differences in the relative frequency of outbreaks in the respective systems. 相似文献
13.
Abstract.
- 1 Newly-emerged, second-instar jack pine budworm (Choristoneura pinus Freeman) establish spring feeding sites preferentially in the pollen cones of their host tree, Pinus banksiana Lamb.
- 2 Laboratory studies showed that the rate of establishment and survival of jack pine budworm on pollen cones was high throughout the entire spring emergence period of the insect.
- 3 In contrast, the rate of establishment and survival of jack pine budworm on vegetative buds was very poor early in the spring. Vegetative buds were only acceptable as feeding sites to the jack pine budworm for a relatively brief period in late spring.
- 4 Field studies showed that the change in population density of jack pine budworm during the spring emergence stage, as expressed by k-values, was a function of the abundance of pollen cones in the stand. Population reduction was greatest in those stands with the fewest pollen cones.
- 5 Direct measurement of spring dispersal by jack pine budworm showed that dispersal and consequent losses to the budworm population were greatest in stands with the fewest pollen cones.
- 6 We conclude that changes in the density of jack pine budworm are strongly influenced by production of pollen cones in the host stand. Because pollen cone production is related to previous years of defoliation by the jack pine budworm, we propose that pollen cones act as a density-dependent factor governing the density of early-stage jack pine budworm.
- 7 The resulting dynamics are compared to those of other budworm species and used to explain observed regional and temporal patterns of jack pine budworm outbreaks.
14.
Dorothy H. Heilman Horace W. Bernton David L. Dunner Shirley M. Barber 《Biotechnic & histochemistry》1963,38(3):193-197
This is a study of the acid-fast staining characteristics of pine pollen and an investigation of factors causing loss of acid-fastness after pine pollen has been in contact with tisues or mucous membranes. Intact loblolly pine pollen was readily stained with cold carbol-fuchsin, and retained its acid-fastness after decolorization with 3% HC1 in 95% ethyl alcohol for 2 min, followed by methylene blue counterstain. Pine pollen resembles spermatozoa in ease of staining and resistance to decolorization. Acid-fastness was destroyed by crushing or by germination of the pollen grain, and by contact for several hours with serum or saline solutions, but was unchanged by exposure to 0.1% solution of streptomycin in water. Nonviable pine pollen did not lose acid-fastness after suspension for several days in serum or water. When counterstain was omitted, crushed or germinated pollen appeared red to pink after staining with carbol-fuchsin and decolorization with acid alcohol, thus indicating that lipids of an acid-fast nature were still present. The large size and biologic properties of pine pollen provide a unique means of studying the chemical and physical aspects of the acid-fast phenomenon. 相似文献
15.
J. Tschiersch G. Frank P. Roth F. Wagenpfeil J. Watterson 《Radiation and environmental biophysics》1999,38(2):139-145
A single episode of pine pollen release in the highly contaminated area of Novozybkov, Russian Federation, which led to enhanced
atmospheric concentrations of 137Cs is discussed. The pollen grains were sampled by a rotating arm impactor and analysed by gamma-spectrometry for 137Cs activity and by image analysis for their size. In the vicinity of a forest, a maximum concentration of 4.5±0.4 mBq m–3 was measured, and a mean activity per pollen grain of 260±80 nBq was determined. The emission rate of the Novozybkov mixed
pine forest was estimated to be approximately 400 Bq m–2 per year. Because of the large size of pine pollen grains (about 50 μm) and the short emission period of 5–8 days per year,
the estimated potential annual inhalation doses are very low. Biological emissions including pollen release may be a source
of increased airborne radionuclide concentrations at larger distances from the source areas as well.
Received: 2 October 1998 / Accepted in revised form: 30 January 1999 相似文献
16.
Zhang C Norris-Caneda KH Rottmann WH Gulledge JE Chang S Kwan BY Thomas AM Mandel LC Kothera RT Victor AD Pearson L Hinchee MA 《Plant physiology》2012,159(4):1319-1334
Pollen elimination provides an effective containment method to reduce direct gene flow from transgenic trees to their wild relatives. Until now, only limited success has been achieved in controlling pollen production in trees. A pine (Pinus radiata) male cone-specific promoter, PrMC2, was used to drive modified barnase coding sequences (barnaseH102E, barnaseK27A, and barnaseE73G) in order to determine their effectiveness in pollen ablation. The expression cassette PrMC2-barnaseH102E was found to efficiently ablate pollen in tobacco (Nicotiana tabacum), pine, and Eucalyptus (spp.). Large-scale and multiple-year field tests demonstrated that complete prevention of pollen production was achieved in greater than 95% of independently transformed lines of pine and Eucalyptus (spp.) that contained the PrMC2-barnaseH102E expression cassette. A complete pollen control phenotype was achieved in transgenic lines and expressed stably over multiple years, multiple test locations, and when the PrMC2-barnaseH102E cassette was flanked by different genes. The PrMC2-barnaseH102E transgenic pine and Eucalyptus (spp.) trees grew similarly to control trees in all observed attributes except the pollenless phenotype. The ability to achieve the complete control of pollen production in field-grown trees is likely the result of a unique combination of three factors: the male cone/anther specificity of the PrMC2 promoter, the reduced RNase activity of barnaseH102E, and unique features associated with a polyploid tapetum. The field performance of the PrMC2-barnaseH102E in representative angiosperm and gymnosperm trees indicates that this gene can be used to mitigate pollen-mediated gene flow associated with large-scale deployment of transgenic trees. 相似文献
17.
《Archives of animal nutrition》2013,67(6):427-438
The effects of insoluble dietary fibre differing in lignin content on intestinal morphology and mRNA expression was tested in an animal model of 48 weaned piglets. Engaged fibre sources were wheat bran (rich in cellulose and hemicellulose) and pollen from Chinese Masson pine (Pinus massoniana) (rich in lignin), respectively. The fibre sources were added to a basal diet as follows: no addition (control), 3.0% wheat bran, 1.27% pine pollen, and 2.55% pine pollen. The 12 animals of each feeding group were fed four experimental diets ad libitum for 37 days and were then slaughtered for retrieving tissue samples from stomach, jejunum, ileum, colon and mesenterial lymph nodes. Both fibre sources increased villus height of mucosa in jejunum (+10% on average) and ileum (+16% on average). Results of mRNA expression rates of inflammatory, cell cycle and growth marker genes (NFκB, TNFα, TGFβ, Caspase3, CDK4, IGF1) were specific to fibre source and tissue: wheat bran induced an up-regulation of NFκB in stomach and jejunum, as well as TNFα and TGFβ, and Caspase3 in jejunum. Pine pollen induced down regulation of NFκB, TNFα, TGFβ, Caspase3, CDK4 and IGF1 in the colon as well as up-regulation of NFκB and TGFβ in mesenterial lymph nodes. Finally, an overall data comparison based on a hierarchical cluster analysis showed a close relation between gene regulation in different gut sections and organs, as well as between small intestine morphology and zootechnical performance. 相似文献
18.
Chen J Tauer G Huang Y 《TAG. Theoretical and applied genetics. Theoretische und angewandte Genetik》2002,104(8):1307-1311
The inheritance patterns of the chloroplast genomes of shortleaf pine (Pinus echinata Mill.), loblolly pine (Pinus taeda L.) and slash pine (Pinus elliottii Engelm.) were investigated through the trnL-trnF intergenic spacer polymorphism analysis. The DNA sequences of this spacer differ among these three closely related Pinus species. A modified 'cold' PCR-SSCP (single-strand conformation polymorphism) analysis of this spacer shows that the artificial hybrids (F1) from the shortleaf pine (seed parent) 2 loblolly pine (pollen parent) cross, exhibit the loblolly pine profile. Additionally, nine putative hybrids between shortleaf pine and loblolly pine, previously identified by the IDH (Isocitrate dehydrogenase) allozyme marker, presented the shortleaf pine profile indicating that shortleaf pine, not loblolly pine, sired all of the putative hybrids. Nondenatured polyacrylamide-gel electrophoresis of the trnL-trnF intergenic spacer demonstrated that the artificial hybrids (F1) from the cross, slash pine (seed parent) 2 shortleaf pine (pollen parent), present the shortleaf pine profile. Those results confirmed that the chloroplast genome is paternally inherited in these three species of the genus Pinus. The significance of the trnL-trnF intergenic region polymorphism and our modified 'cold' SSCP protocol for population genetic studies is discussed. 相似文献
19.
诱导小麦-天兰偃麦草-黑麦三属杂种花粉植株的研究 总被引:2,自引:2,他引:0
以法国六倍体小黑麦为母本,分别与普通小麦(Triticum aestivum)和天兰偃麦草(Elytrigia intermedia of Agropyron glaucum)的杂交后代中的中间类型3号和5号杂交。由此获得的三属杂种F_1性状介于亲本之间,兼有三属亲本类型的特征,呈中间类型。用马铃薯-Ⅱ培养基培养三属杂种F_1的花药,诱导花粉愈伤组织。将所获得的愈伤组织转入190-2培养基进行分化,已成功地诱导出一批三属间杂种花粉植株,并用Giemsa显带技术鉴定花粉植株的染色体组组成。 相似文献
20.
Numerical simulation of wind pollination requires knowledge of pollen grain physical parameters such as size, shape factor, bulk density, and terminal settling velocity. The pollen grain parameters for Japanese cedar, Japanese cypress, short ragweed, Japanese black pine, and Japanese red pine were assessed for dry condition. Terminal settling velocities of dry pollen grains in still air were measured using image analysis of scattered light tracks in a dark settling tube. The measurement system was validated by comparing results to those obtained for standard microspheres of known size and density. Dry pollen grain shape factors indicate the resemblance of particles to spheres, except for pine pollen. Circularity factors of dry pine pollen grains were 0.90–0.86, suggesting more irregular shape than those of other pollen species. Aerodynamic diameters of dry pollen grains were calculated based on the terminal settling velocity. Aerodynamic diameters of Japanese cedar, Japanese cypress, and short ragweed closely resembled the projected area equivalent diameters, suggesting that aerodynamic behaviors of these pollen grains can be managed simply in numerical simulations. However, aerodynamic diameters of dry pine pollen grains were nearly 30 % smaller than projected area equivalent diameters. Sacci on dry pine pollen can reduce the terminal settling velocity through low density and shape effects attributed to their non-sphericity, engendering aerodynamic diameter smaller by more than 10 µm from area equivalent diameters. 相似文献