Chemical Constituents from the Seeds of Ziziphusjujuba var. spinosa （Bunge） Hu

To search for new and bioactive minor components from traditional Chinese medicines, a new compound, named jujuphenoside (1), was isolated from the seeds of Ziziphus jujuba var. spinosa (Bunge) Hu. The structure ofjujuphenoside was elucidated by spectral and chemical methods, particularly twodimensional nuclear magnetic resonance analysis. Together with the new compound, 22 known compounds were also isolated and identified from the seeds of Z. jujuba var. spinosa, among which, epiceanothic acid (2) was first obtained from natural resources, whereas compounds 7-16 were first obtained from this plant.     

酸枣的研究进展及开发前景

本文对酸枣(种仁、果肉、叶、根)的化学成分、药理作用等方面的研究进展作一综述,并对酸枣资源的开发利用提出了一些见解。     

太行山区酸枣叶化学成分的UPLC-QTOF-MS分析

为评价冀南太行山产酸枣叶的质量,本研究采用超高效液相色谱-串联四级杆-飞行时间质谱(UPLC-Q-TOF-MS)技术对其化学成分进行系统分析。选用反相WatersBEHAmide(100mm×2.1mm,1.7μm)色谱柱,乙腈与水(含0.5%甲酸)作为流动相二元线性梯度洗脱,检测波长340nm,流速0.20mL/min,柱温40℃;以G2Q-TOF联用系统进行检测。通过得到的样品电喷雾-质谱(ESI-MS)正离子和负离子扫描模式下的准分子离子峰、碎片信息、保留时间,并结合相关文献,从酸枣叶中共鉴定出53个化合物,其中包括黄酮10个、三萜皂苷14个、三萜酸13个、生物碱3个、脂肪酸和有机酸13个。分析结果表明,UPLC-Q-TOF-MS技术可快速、灵敏地鉴定冀南太行山区酸枣叶中的化学成分,可为有效控制该药材质量,为阐明其药效物质基础提供理论依据。     

Predicting potential distribution of Ziziphus spinosa (Bunge) H.H. Hu ex F.H. Chen in China under climate change scenarios

Ziziphus spinosa (Bunge) H.H. Hu ex F.H. Chen is a woody plant species of the family Rhamnaceae (order Rhamnales) that possesses high nutritional and medicinal value. Predicting the effects of climate change on the distribution of Z. spinosa is of great significance for the investigation, protection, and exploitation of this germplasm resource. For this study, optimized maximum entropy models were employed to predict the distribution patterns and changes of its present (1970–2000) and future (2050s, 2070s, and 2090s) potential suitable regions in China under multiple climate scenarios (SSP1‐2.6, SSP2‐4.5, SSP3‐7.0 & SSP5‐8.5). The results revealed that the total area of the present potential suitable region for Z. spinosa is 162.60 × 10⁴ km², which accounts for 16.94% of China''s territory. Within this area, the regions having low, medium, and high suitability were 80.14 × 10⁴ km², 81.50 × 10⁴ km², and 0.96 × 10⁴ km², respectively, with the high suitability regions being distributed primarily in Shanxi, Hebei, and Beijing Provinces. Except for SSP‐1‐2.6‐2070s, SSP‐5‐8.5‐2070s, and SSP‐5‐8.5‐2090s, the suitable areas for Z. spinosa in the future increased to different degrees. Meanwhile, considering the distribution of Z. spinosa during different periods and under different climate scenarios, our study predicted that the low impact areas of Z. spinosa were mainly restricted to Shanxi, Shaanxi, Ningxia, Gansu, Liaoning, Inner Mongolia, and Jilin Provinces. The results of core distributional shifts showed that, except for SSP1‐2.6, the center of the potential suitable region of Z. spinosa exhibited a trend of gradually shifting to the northwest.     

Genetic diversity and population dynamic of Ziziphus jujuba var. spinosa (Bunge) Hu ex H. F. Chow in Central China

Phylogeographic research concerning Central China has been rarely conducted. Population genetic and phylogeography of Ziziphus jujuba var. spinosa (also called sour jujube) were investigated to improve our understanding of plant phylogeographic patterns in Central China. Single‐copy nuclear gene markers and complete chloroplast genome data were applied to 328 individuals collected from 21 natural populations of sour jujube in China. Nucleotide variation of sour jujube was relatively high (π = 0.00720, θ _w = 0.00925), which resulted from the mating system and complex population dynamics. Analysis of molecular variation analysis revealed that most of the total variation was attributed to variation within populations, and a high level of genetic differentiation among populations was detected (F _st = 0.197). Relatively low long‐distance dispersal capability and vitality of pollen contributed to high genetic differentiation among populations. Differences in the environmental conditions and long distance among populations further restricted gene flow. Structure clustering analysis uncovered intraspecific divergence between central and marginal populations. Migrate analysis found a high level of gene flow between these two intraspecific groups. Bayesian skyline plot detected population expansion of these two intraspecific groups. Network and phylogeny analysis of chloroplast haplotypes also found intraspecific divergence, and the divergence time was estimated to occur at about 55.86 Ma. Haplotype native to the Loess Plateau was more ancient, and multiple glacial refugia of sour jujube were found to locate at the Loess Plateau, areas adjacent to the Qinling Mountains and Tianmu Mountains. Species distribution model analysis found a typical contraction‐expansion model corresponding to the Quaternary climatic oscillations. In the future, the distribution of sour jujube may shift to high‐latitude areas. This study provides new insights for phylogeographic research of temperate plant species distributed in Central China and sets a solid foundation for the application of the scientific management strategy of Z. jujuba var. spinosa.     

土壤干旱胁迫对酸枣叶片黄酮类代谢及某些生长和生理指标的影响

采用盆栽称量法研究了对照、中度和重度干旱(土壤相对含水量分别为75%、55%和35%)条件下1年生酸枣〔Ziziphus jujuba Mill.var.spinosa(Bunge)Hu ex H.F.Chow〕幼苗叶片中黄酮类成分含量及一些生长和生理指标的变化,并讨论了酸枣适应干旱过程中黄酮类成分的作用。结果表明:在中度和重度干旱条件下酸枣叶片苯丙氨酸解氨酶(PAL)活性均高于对照,但经重度干旱处理后复水第7天PAL活性与对照无显著差异。与对照相比,中度干旱条件下叶片槲皮素含量基本无变化,总黄酮和芦丁含量分别显著或极显著增加,丙二醛和可溶性蛋白质含量无显著变化;与中度干旱条件相比,重度干旱条件下叶片总黄酮、芦丁和槲皮素含量显著或极显著下降,丙二醛含量不显著增加,可溶性蛋白质含量显著降低;与对照相比,重度干旱条件下总黄酮含量无明显变化,芦丁和丙二醛含量极显著或显著增加,槲皮素和可溶性蛋白质含量显著下降;复水第7天,总黄酮、芦丁和槲皮素含量均显著或极显著高于复水前,且总黄酮和芦丁含量显著高于对照,槲皮素含量与对照无显著差异;复水第1天至第4天,丙二醛含量呈先降后增再降的趋势、可溶性蛋白质含量则呈先降低后逐渐增加的趋势,其中复水第1天丙二醛含量显著高于复水前、可溶性蛋白质含量显著低于复水前。在中度或重度干旱胁迫后酸枣枝条长度均极显著小于对照,且随土壤相对含水量的降低枝条长度减小;叶片相对含水量也表现出随土壤相对含水量的降低逐渐减小的趋势,但差异不显著。研究结果提示:适宜的干旱胁迫可促进酸枣叶片黄酮类代谢,但在不同的干旱胁迫条件下,黄酮类代谢在酸枣抗旱过程中具有不同的作用。     

酸枣叶对土壤水分的生理生化响应

酸枣(Ziziphus jujuba var.spinosa)分布广、适应性强、极耐旱,是研究植物响应干旱气候的优良试验材料。通过覆膜技术控制酸枣根系附近土壤水分含量,研究了不同土壤水分条件对酸枣叶片组织含水量、叶绿素含量、丙二醛、可溶性糖含量等生理生化指标的影响,以期探明酸枣适应干旱的生理机制。结果显示：随着土壤含水量的降低,处理组酸枣叶片的相对含水量与绝对含水量均降低,但都保持在较高水平,与对照相比,差异显著（p<0.05）;自然饱和亏呈下降趋势且维持在较低水平,较对照差异均显著（p<0.05）;随着土壤水分的减少,处理组酸枣叶片较对照组组织水势和渗透势减小（p<0.05）,较对照差异显著（p<0.05）,吸水能力提高;处理组酸枣叶片的叶绿体色素含量随土壤干旱程度的加深,均表现为低于对照且逐渐减少（p<0.05）;随着处理时间的延长,处理组与对照组相比,电导率随之增大,MDA含量也随之升高,质膜受到损伤;处理组酸枣叶片中渗透调节物质可溶性糖含量和游离脯氨酸含量均有不同程度的增加,平均增幅为1.29、1.5倍。结果表明,酸枣叶片在不同的土壤水分条件下,具有积极的生理响应方式,适应性强,具有较强的抗旱耐旱能力。     

珍珠荚蒾的化学成分研究

从珍珠荚蒾(Viburnum foetidum var.ceanothoides)的枝叶中分离得到14个化合物,经鉴定分别为:白桦醇(1),熊果醇(2),β-谷甾醇(3),白桦脂酸(4),熊果酸(5),对羟基苯甲酸(6),4,4′-二羟基-a-古柯间二酸(7),反式对香豆酸(8),顺式对香豆酸(9),红花菜豆酸(10),原儿茶酸(11),胡萝卜苷(12),1-O-(6-O-α-L-rhamnopyranosyl-β-D-glucopyranosyl) -4-allylbenzene(13)和apigenin 7-O-α-L-rhamnopyranosyl(1″ ′→2″)-β-D-glucopyranoside (14).其中,化合物1、7、9、10和13为首次从荚蓬属中分离得到;所有化合物均首次从珍珠荚蓬中分离得到.     

水冬瓜果肉的非油脂化学成分

经柱层析方法从水冬瓜（Idesia polycarpa var.uestita Diels）果实乙醇提取物的非油脂部分分离纯化出6个化合物,其结构通过波谱分析分别鉴定为去甲松柏苷（I）,idesin（Ⅱ）,salirepin（Ⅲ）,idescarpin（Ⅳ）,1,2-顺-环己二醇（Ⅴ）和邻苯二酚（Ⅵ）。其中化合物I为首次从天然界分离得到。     

秃叶黄皮树叶子的化学成分研究(英文)

从秃叶黄皮树叶子(Phellodendron chinensevar.glabriusculumSchneid)分离到7个化合物,经波谱解析鉴定为6-O-乙酰基黄柏苷(1),6-O-乙酰基二氢黄柏苷(2),(2R)-4′,5-二羟基-7-O-β-D-吡喃葡萄糖基-8-异戊烯基-二氢黄酮(3),黄柏苷(4),2-O-β-D-吡喃葡萄糖基-6-羟基-苯甲酸苄酯(5),柑橘素C(6),3-羰基齐墩果烷(7),其中化合物1～3,5～7为首次从秃叶黄皮树叶子中分离得到。     

硬毛地笋化学成分研究

采用各种色谱对硬毛地笋(Lycopus lucidus Turcz.var.hirtus Regel)的化学成分进行分离,通过理化性质和波谱分析进行结构鉴定。从硬毛地笋全草甲醇提取物中分离鉴定了9个化合物:β-胡萝卜素(1),7,3’,4’-三羟基黄酮(2),β-谷甾醇(3),3’,4’,5-三羟基-3,7-二甲氧基黄酮(4),α-香树脂醇(5),β-香树脂醇(6),24-羟基-乌苏-12-烯-28-酸(7),β-胡萝卜苷(8),24-甲基-5α-胆甾-7,22-二烯-6α-醇-3β-O-葡萄糖苷(9)。化合物4,7和9为首次从该科植物中分离得到,化合物1～9均为首次从硬毛地笋中分离得到。     

疏毛吴茱萸化学成分的研究

从疏毛吴茱萸干燥近成熟果实的95％乙醇提取物中分离得到8个化合物,经谱学数据分析并与文献报道的数据进行比较,确定其分别为：吴茱萸次碱（1）,吴茱萸碱（2）,7β-羟基吴茱萸次碱（3）,N^14 -甲酰二氢吴茱萸次碱（4）,去氢吴茱萸碱（5）,吴茱萸果酰胺-I（6）,胡萝卜苷（7）和金丝桃苷（8）。其中,化合物3,4,6—8为首次从该植物中分离得到。     

毛瑞香酚性成分研究

应用色谱技术从毛瑞香根的乙醇提取物中分离和纯化出6个酚性成分,通过光谱方法鉴定其分别为瑞香醇酮(1)、西瑞香素-7-O-葡萄糖苷(2)、芫花苷(3)、瑞香黄烷D1(4)、瑞香黄烷现(5)和紫丁香苷(6)。6个化合物均为首次从该植物中分得。     

细花线纹香茶菜的化学成分研究

用色谱技术对细花线纹香茶菜(Isodon lophanthoides var.graciliflora)全草水提物进行分离纯化,获得了11种单体化合物。通过光谱分析及与文献数据对照,分别鉴定为牡荆素(vitexin,1)、藿香黄酮醇(pachypodol,2)、猫眼草黄素(chrysoplenetin,3)、9-羟基-5,7-豆甾二烯-4-酮(9-hydroxy-5,7-megastigmadien-4-one,4)、3,9-二羟基-5,7-豆甾二烯-4-酮(3,9-dihydroxy-5,7-megastigmadien-4-one,5)、黑麦草内酯(loliolide,6)、4-乙酰-5-甲基二氢呋喃-2-酮(4-acetyl-5-methyldihydrofuran-2-one,7)、5-羟甲基糠醛(5-hydroxymethylfuraldehyde,8)、5-甲氧甲基-1H-吡咯-2-甲醛(5-methoxymethyl-1H-pyrrole-2-carbaldehyde,9)、3-吲哚甲醛(indole-3-aldehyde,10)和丁二酸单丁酯(succini cacid monobutyl ester,11)。这些化合物均为首次从线纹香茶菜中分离得到。     

徐长卿中一种新葡聚糖化学结构的研究

从常用中药徐长卿中获得一分子量为 1.5× 10 4 的多糖CPB 1。比旋光度 [α]D= 15 1.4°(0 .96 ,H2 O)。单糖组成分析表明仅含葡萄糖。甲基化分析、部分酸水解、乙酰解、IR及NMR数据表明CPB 1的主链由α D 1,4连接的葡萄糖残基组成 ,其侧链由 1,4和 1,6连接的葡萄糖残基构成。每五个葡萄糖残基组成的重复单元中含有一个分枝 ,位于主链葡萄糖残基的O 6位上     

臭茉莉叶挥发油化学成分的研究

利用GC-MS联用技术研究了臭茉莉叶挥发油的化学成分,应用色谱峰面积归一化法计算各成分的相对百分含量.分离出49个峰,鉴定了其中的34种成分,所鉴定的组分占挥发油总量的95.17 %.     

苦木化学成分研究

运用各种柱色谱和重结晶等方法对苦木Picrasma quassioides(D.Don)Benn.进行分离纯化,得到五个化合物。通过NMR等现代波谱学方法和技术鉴定化合物的结构分别为:高丽槐素-3-O-β-D-葡萄糖苷(trifolirhizin,1),高丽槐素(maackiain,2),3’,7-二羟基-4’-甲氧基异黄酮(3’,7-dihydroxy-4’-methoxyisoflavone,3),7-羟基香豆素(umbelliferone,4)和大黄素(emodin,5)。五个化合物均为首次从该属植物中分离得到。     

民间草药椭圆叶绣线菊的非生物碱成分

从椭圆叶绣线菊 (Spiraeajaponicavar ovalifoliaFranch)全株的乙醇提取物中分离鉴定了 10个非生物碱类化合物 ,包括 5个木脂素 :(± )syringaresinol (1) ,( )cyclo olivil(2 ) ,isolariciresinol 9 O β D xylopyranoside (3) ,isolariciresinol 9 O β D glucopyranoside (4) ,5 methoxy isolariciresinol 9 O β D xylopyranoside (5 ) ,1个三萜酸 :18-羟基乌索酸 (18 hy droxyursolicacid ,6 ) ;2个甾醇类 :β -谷甾醇 (β sitosterol,7)和葫萝卜苷 (daucosterol,8) ;1个脂肪醇 :10 nonacosanol (9)和 1个脂肪酸三棱酸 :(sanlengacid ,10 )。除化合物 6～ 8外 ,其它 7个化合物均为首次从该复合群植物仔得到。木脂素等成分的鉴定为该植物的药效学研究提供了新的化学依据     

脱脂亚麻籽的化学成分研究(英文)

从脱脂亚麻籽(Linum usitatissimum L.)中共分离出8个化合物,经过波谱分析确定其结构分别是:正二十四烷(1),十四烷酸(2),硬脂酸(3),月桂酸乙酯(4),β-谷甾醇(5),胡萝卜苷(6),α-D-吡喃葡萄糖基-α-D-吡喃葡萄糖(7)和α-D-吡喃葡萄糖基-β-呋喃果糖(8).化合物1,2,4,7,8首次从亚麻籽中分离得到.     

毛节缬草的粉末鉴别

目的:研究黑龙江省毛节缬草Valeriana alternifolia Bunge var.stolonifera Bar.et Skv.的粉末鉴别特征.方法:性状鉴别、显微鉴别.结论:毛节缬草根、根茎、茎和叶的粉末均有明显的鉴别特征,可作为鉴别毛节缬草的依据.