Inheritance of leaf rust and stem rust resistance in 'Roblin' wheat.

The Canadian common wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) cultivar 'Roblin' is resistant to both leaf rust (Puccinia recondita Rob. ex. Desm.) and stem rust (Puccinia graminis Pers. f. sp. tritici Eriks. and E. Henn.). To study the genetics of this resistance, 'Roblin' was crossed with 'Thatcher', a leaf rust susceptible cultivar, and RL6071, a stem rust susceptible line. A set of F6 random lines was developed from each cross. The random lines and the parents were grown in a field rust nursery artificially inoculated with a mixture of P. recondita and P. graminis isolates and scored for rust reaction. The same material was tested with specific races of leaf rust and stem rust. These data indicated that 'Roblin' has Lr1, Lr10, Lr13, and Lr34 for resistance to P. recondita and Sr5, Sr9b, Sr11, and possibly Sr7a and Sr12 for resistance to P. graminis. In a 'Thatcher' background, the presence of Lr34 contributes to improve stem rust resistance, which appears also to occur in 'Roblin'.     

Molecular mapping of a non-host resistance gene YrpstY1 in barley (Hordeum vulgare L.) for resistance to wheat stripe rust

Cultivated barley (Hordeum vulgare L.) is considered as a non-host or inappropriate host species for wheat stripe rust caused by Puccinia striiformis f. sp. tritici. Most barley cultivars show a broad-spectrum resistance to wheat stripe rust. To determine the genes for resistance to wheat stripe rust in barley, a cross was made between a resistant barley line Y12 and a susceptible line Y16. The two parents, F(1) and 147 BC(1) plants were tested at seedling stage with Chinese prevalent race CYR32 of Puccinia striiformis f. sp. tritici by artificial inoculation in greenhouse. The results indicated that Y12 possessed one dominant resistance gene to wheat stripe rust, designated YrpstY1 provisionally. A total of 388 simple sequence repeat (SSR) markers were used to map the resistance gene in Y12 using bulked segregant analysis. A linkage map, including nine SSR loci on chromosome 7H and YrpstY1, was constructed using the BC(1) population, indicating that the resistance gene YrpstY1 is located on chromosome 7H. It is potential to transfer the resistance gene into common wheat for stripe rust resistance.     

小麦品系19HRWSN-76的抗叶锈性研究

小麦叶锈病是影响小麦产量的最主要病害之一,CIMMYT品系19HRWSN-76高抗小麦叶锈病,以该品系与感病品系郑州5389杂交得到F2群体,利用叶锈菌生理小种FHJP对F2群体接菌鉴定,结果显示群体的抗感比例符合3∶1的理论比值,推测19HR WSN-76的抗叶锈性由一对显型基因控制,暂命名为Lr HR76。利用分子标记技术和分离群体分组分析法对F2群体进行分子标记检测,位于3DL的SSR标记barc71与该抗病基因连锁,遗传距离为3.0 c M。     

The Puccinia species of Berkheya (Asteraceae) with description of four new species from South Africa

Puccinia species (rust fungi, Pucciniales, formerly Uredinales) occurring on Berkheya (syn. Stobaea) of Asteraceae are critically evaluated. Puccinia berkheyicola, P. stobaeae var. stobaeae and P. stobaeae var. woodii are recognized as valid species and varieties, while P. berkheyae is relegated to a synonym of P. stobaeae var. stobaeae. Lectotypes are selected for P. stobaeae var. stobaeae and P. stobaeae var. woodii. P. clanwilliamensis, P. garstfonteinii and P. monsfontium are proposed as new species for three rust fungi previously assigned to P. stobaeae; P. berkheyaephila is described as new on B. bipinnatifida. A key to the accepted species is presented.     

Rust fungi causing galls, witches' brooms, and other abnormal plant growths in northwestern Argentina

Conspicuous galls and witches' brooms frequently are symptoms of rust infections on plant hosts in the ecologically diverse northwestern region of Argentina. These symptoms are caused by systemic or locally systemic spermogonial-aecial infections, although uredinial and telial infections also might be involved. Sixteen species of rust fungi are treated in this paper, most of which cause a plant response that results in enlarged growth. Ypsilospora tucumanensis J.R. Hern. & J.F. Hennen on Inga edulis is described as a species new to science. Puccinia cordiae Arthur is cited as a new record for Argentina. These rusts also are included: Chaconia ingae, Gerwasia imperialis, Kuehneola loeseneriana, Prospodium appendiculatum, Prospodium elegans, Prospodium perornatum, Puccinia bougainvilleae, Puccinia pampeana, Ravenelia argentinica, Ravenelia hieronymi, Ravenelia papillosa, Ravenelia spegazziniana, Uromyces cestri and Uropyxis rickiana. For some of the scientific names, lectotype specimens have been designated.     

Additions to the rust fungi of Argentina

A contribution is made to the rust fungus flora of Argentina: Puccinia baccharidis-boliviensis, P. cordyceps, P. pucarae, and Aecidium hypseocharidicola are described as new species. Cionothrix praelonga, Fromme?lla mexicana var. mexicana, Phakopsora compressa, Prospodium peruvianum, Puccinia amphiospora, P. chaetochloae, P. liabi, P. pappophori, P. sanguinolenta, P. subaquila, Ravenelia havanensis, Uredo leonuri, Uromyces orbicularis, and U. cnidoscoli are new reports for Argentina. New observations on already known species were made: the aecia of Puccinia subaquila and aecia and uredinia of Uromyces cnidoscoli are described for the first time. Senecio hieronymi is a new host for Puccinia lagenophorae. Uredo leonuri belongs to the genus Coleosporium. Melilotus albus is a new host of Uromyces anthyllidis in Argentina.     

Inheritance and molecular mapping of a gene conferring seedling resistance against Puccinia hordei in the barley cultivar Ricardo

Genetic studies were undertaken to determine the inheritance and genomic location of uncharacterised seedling resistance to leaf rust, caused by Puccinia hordei, in the barley cultivar Ricardo. The resistance was shown to be conferred by a single dominant gene, which was tentatively designated RphRic. Bulk segregant analysis (BSA) and genetic mapping of an F₃ mapping population using multiplex-ready SSR genotyping and Illumina GoldenGate SNP assay located RphRic in chromosome 4H. Given that this is the first gene for leaf rust resistance mapped on chromosome 4H, it was designated Rph21. The presence of an additional gene, Rph2, in Ricardo, was confirmed by the test of allelism. The seedling gene Rph21 has shown effectiveness against all Australian pathotypes of P. hordei tested since at least 1992 and hence represents a new and useful source of resistance to this pathogen.     

Identification and mapping of leaf, stem and stripe rust resistance quantitative trait loci and their interactions in durum wheat

Leaf rust (Puccinia triticina Eriks.), stripe rust (Puccinia striiformis f. tritici Eriks.) and stem rust (Puccinia graminis f. sp. tritici) cause major production losses in durum wheat (Triticum turgidum L. var. durum). The objective of this research was to identify and map leaf, stripe and stem rust resistance loci from the French cultivar Sachem and Canadian cultivar Strongfield. A doubled haploid population from Sachem/Strongfield and parents were phenotyped for seedling reaction to leaf rust races BBG/BN and BBG/BP and adult plant response was determined in three field rust nurseries near El Batan, Obregon and Toluca, Mexico. Stripe rust response was recorded in 2009 and 2011 nurseries near Toluca and near Njoro, Kenya in 2010. Response to stem rust was recorded in field nurseries near Njoro, Kenya, in 2010 and 2011. Sachem was resistant to leaf, stripe and stem rust. A major leaf rust quantitative trait locus (QTL) was identified on chromosome 7B at Xgwm146 in Sachem. In the same region on 7B, a stripe rust QTL was identified in Strongfield. Leaf and stripe rust QTL around DArT marker wPt3451 were identified on chromosome 1B. On chromosome 2B, a significant leaf rust QTL was detected conferred by Strongfield, and at the same QTL, a Yr gene derived from Sachem conferred resistance. Significant stem rust resistance QTL were detected on chromosome 4B. Consistent interactions among loci for resistance to each rust type across nurseries were detected, especially for leaf rust QTL on 7B. Sachem and Strongfield offer useful sources of rust resistance genes for durum rust breeding.     

Quantitative resistance of Cirsium arvense to root bud infection by Puccinia punctiformis

A method is presented to test clones of Cirsium arvense for resistance to root bud infection by the rust fungus Puccinia punctiformis. Root buds were stained and cleared to detect mycelium of the rust. The fraction of root buds infected was determined and used as a measure of resistance. Clones of C. arvense, collected from three sites, were tested for resistance to infection. Variation in resistance was determined between and within sites. The results are discussed with a view to using P. punctiformis to control C. arvense.     

Mapping and characterization of the new adult plant leaf rust resistance gene <Emphasis Type="Italic">Lr77</Emphasis> derived from Santa Fe winter wheat

Key message

A new gene for adult plant leaf rust resistance in wheat was mapped to chromosome 3BL. This gene was designated as Lr77.

Abstract

‘Santa Fe’ is a hard red winter cultivar that has had long-lasting resistance to the leaf rust fungus, Puccinia triticina. The objective of this study was to determine the chromosome location of the adult plant leaf rust resistance in Santa Fe wheat. A partial backcross line of ‘Thatcher’ (Tc) wheat with adult plant leaf rust resistance derived from Santa Fe was crossed with Thatcher to develop a Thatcher//Tc*2/Santa Fe F₆ recombinant inbred line (RIL) population. The RIL population and parental lines were evaluated for segregation of leaf rust resistance in three field plot tests and in an adult plant greenhouse test. A genetic map of the RIL population was constructed using 90,000 single-nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) markers with the Illumina Infinium iSelect 90K wheat bead array. A significant quantitative trait locus for reduction of leaf rust severity in all four tests was found on chromosome 3BL that segregated as a single adult plant resistance gene. The RILs with the allele from the resistant parent for SNP marker IWB10344 had lower leaf rust severity and a moderately resistant to moderately susceptible response compared to the susceptible RILs and Thatcher. The gene derived from Santa Fe on chromosome 3BL was designated as Lr77. Kompetitive allele-specific polymerase chain reaction assay markers linked to Lr77 on 3BL should be useful for selection of wheat germplasm with this gene.

     

New species, reports, observations and taxonomical changes of southern African rust fungi (Uredinales)

This work presents research on the diversity of the southern African rust mycobiota (Uredinales). It describes new species, lists new reports and adds new information on several rust fungi. Puccinia cornurediata, Puccinia dioscoreae-mundtii, Puccinia horti-kirstenboschi, Puccinia othonnoides, Puccinia rapipes, Puccinia subindumentana, Uredo otholobii and Uromyces lotononidicola are described as new; Puccinia verwoerdiana is assigned to Puccinia lycii as a synonym, and Uredo lotononi to U. lotononidicola. Comprehensive accounts and keys are presented for Puccinia species on Lycium (Solanaceae), Helichrysum and Othonna (Asteraceae). Puccinia butleri and Uromyces bidenticola are new reports for South Africa, and Puccinia spinulosa is new for Namibia. So far, the latter species has only been known from Madagascar, and P. butleri from the Indian subcontinent. Taxonomical novelties are P. cornurediata R. Berndt; P. dioscoreae-mundtii R. Berndt, A.R. Wood & E. Uhlmann; P. horti-kirstenboschi R. Berndt & E. Uhlmann; P. othonnoides R. Berndt, A.R. Wood & E. Uhlmann; P. rapipes R. Berndt & E. Uhlmann; P. subindumentana R. Berndt; U. otholobii R. Berndt, A.R. Wood & E. Uhlmann and U. lotononidicola R. Berndt     

小麦条锈菌条中31号生理小种SCAR检测标记的建立

建立小麦条锈菌Pucciniastriiformisf.sp.tritici生理小种的快速分子检测技术对我国小麦条锈病的监测和防治策略的制定具有重要价值,本文首次报道了利用SCAR—PCR技术进行条锈菌生理小种分子检测的方法。通过对我国目前主要优势小种条中31号RAPD片段的规模筛选,在对特异片段回收、克隆、测序的基础上,设计特异PCR引物,成功获得了条中31号生理小种专化的SCAR检测标记。     

Puccinia chunjii, a close relative of the cereal stem rusts revealed by molecular phylogeny and morphological study

A rust specimen with macroscopic similarities to the cereal stem rusts was collected on Elymus sp. from Gansu province, China. Phylogenetic analyses of ITS and COI DNA sequences indicated the fungus was closely related but distinct as a strongly supported sister taxon to the Puccinia graminis species complex. Microscopic examination revealed diagnostic teliospore characteristics, differentiating it from P. graminis and other morphologically similar rusts. Herein, we designate a name for this new lineage, Puccinia chunjii sp. nov.     

银叶老鹳草种群中诱导保护抗性的研究

银叶老鹳草种群中诱导保护抗性的研究刘登义,查德民,周忠泽劳斯·埃里克松（安徽师范大学生物系,芜湖２４１０００）（瑞典国立宇米欧大学生态植物学系）ＩｎｄｕｃｅｄＰｒｏｔｅｃｔｉｖｅＲｅｓｉｓｔａｎｃｅｉｎＧｒｅａｎｉｕｍｓｙｌｖａｔｉｃｕｍＰｏｐｕｌａ...     

小麦条锈菌分子生态学研究进展

小麦条锈病是危害最严重的小麦流行性病害之一,小麦条锈菌的生态学研究对制定合理的防治策略和抗锈育种具有重要意义.近十几年来,DNA分子标记技术被应用于小麦条锈菌的群体遗传学研究,推动了小麦条锈菌分子生态学研究的快速发展,为揭示小麦条锈菌的群体生态特性开辟了一个新的途径.本文系统介绍小麦条锈菌分子生态学研究的主要进展,并就我国当前研究的局限性和发展趋势进行了分析.     

The 3Ns chromosome of Psathyrostachys huashanica carries the gene(s) underlying wheat stripe rust resistance

Stripe rust (Puccinia striiformis tritici (Pst)) is one of the most destructive diseases of wheat in the world. Exploiting and utilizing stripe rust resistance genes of wild species has become an essential strategy for resistance breeding. Psathyrostachyshuashanica Keng ex Kuo is a wild species in Triticeae that has been used for wheat improvement because of its high resistance or immunity to stripe rust. In this study, 9 wheat-P. huashanica addition lines were characterized by Giemsa C-banding, genomic in situ hybridization (GISH), and disease resistance evaluation. Giemsa C-banding and GISH demonstrated that lines 163-5, 165-1, 183-5, 240-3, and 240-4 are P. huashanica 3Ns chromosome monosomic addition lines; lines 183-1 and 183-20 are P. huashanica 3Ns chromosome disomic addition lines; line 165-20 is a P. huashanica 3Ns and 4Ns chromosomes double disomic addition line, and line 219-1 is a P. huashanica 1Ns and 3Ns/5A chromosomes double disomic addition-substitution line. All these addition lines with P. huashanica 3Ns chromosome(s) expressed high resistance or immunity to stripe rust. By comparing the series of wheat-P. huashanica chromosome addition lines, we concluded that the P. huashanica 3Ns chromosome carries the gene(s) for resistance or immunity to stripe rust. These addition lines can be used as a donor source of novel stripe rust resistance to wheat breeding programs.     

The rust fungi of <Emphasis Type="Italic">Luzuriaga</Emphasis> (Luzuriagaceae) with description of a new species, <Emphasis Type="Italic">Puccinia luzuriagae-polyphyllae</Emphasis>

Three species of rust fungi (Uredinales), Puccinia perforans, P. fuegiana (= Uromyces skottsbergii), and Aecidium callixenis have been described on members of Luzuriaga (Luzuriagaceae). Puccinia luzuriagae-polyphyllae is added as a new species on Luzuriaga polyphylla from Chile. The rust had been confused hitherto with P. perforans occurring on L. radicans. Both species differ from P. fuegiana on L. marginata by the absence of a uredinial state and several telial characters. The investigated collections of Puccinia species on Luzuriaga indicate that each is restricted to a single host species. A determination key is presented.     

Identification and characterization of stripe rust resistance gene Yr34 in common wheat

An uncharacterized source of seedling resistance to Puccinia striiformis f.sp. tritici was identified in an advanced wheat breeding line WAWHT2046. Genetic analysis based on a WAWHT2046/Carnamah-derived double haploid (DH) population demonstrated monogenic inheritance of seedling stripe rust resistance in WAWHT2046. The gene controlling stripe rust resistance in line WAWHT2046 was tentatively designated YrWA. The chromosome 5AL located awn inhibitor gene B1, possessed by WAWHT2046, also showed monogenic inheritance when the DH population was scored for the presence and absence of awns. Joint segregation analysis at the B1 and YrWA loci indicated genetic linkage between the two loci. A recombination value of 12.2 cM was computed using Mapmanager. This association located YrWA in the chromosome arm 5AL. Molecular mapping using microsatellite markers placed YrWA distal to B1. All molecular markers mapped proximal to the awn inhibitor locus B1. As no other stripe rust resistance gene is reported to be located in the chromosome arm 5AL, YrWA was permanently designated as Yr34. Yr34 produced an intermediate (23C) seedling infection type and expressed very low stripe rust response (10R-MR) on adult plants in the field, similar to the resistance gene Yr17. In addition to Yr34, this mapping population segregated for three genetically independent adult plant stripe rust resistance genes. The detection of DH lines with completely susceptible response, higher than that shown by the Yr34-lacking parent Carnamah, suggested that both parents contributed adult plant resistance. The use of WAWHT2046 as a parent in breeding programs would also contribute APR in addition to Yr34.