硅藻中国一新记录种——泉生平片藻

利用光学显微镜和扫描电子显微镜对采自湖南省绥宁县巫水水域的硅藻标本进行了观察研究,鉴定出其中一种为硅藻中国新记录种——泉生平片藻［Tabularia fonticola (Hustedt) C.E. Wetzel & D.M. Williams］,该种具有以下鉴别特征：(1) 壳面轮廓为线形披针形,中央胸骨宽,线纹短且宽。(2) 横主肋和纵细肋硅质化增厚。(3) 孔纹开口被数条横向硅质条组成的筛板所遮拦。(4) 每个壳面仅在其一端着生一个唇形突。(5) 壳套顶孔区孔纹有序排列。(6) 第一环带开放。该研究首次报道了泉生平片藻的前正常营养期细胞的超微结构特征,研究结果不仅增加了对泉生平片藻的超微结构认识,而且扩展了其地理分布区域。     

我国硅藻类的新记录属——微舟藻属及其一新种(英文)

利用透射电镜对采自东黄海海域典型站位的微型硅藻(nanodiatom,<20mm)进行了研究。观察到我国微型硅藻类的一个新记录属微舟藻属NanoneisR.E.Norris以及该属的一个新种长微舟藻Nanoneislongtasp.nov.。该属的主要特征是壳面两侧对称,具有不完全壳缝,壳面除中轴区外都有横肋纹或长室孔分布。本文描述该属的两个种,其中海斯微舟藻(NanoneishasleaeR.E.Norris)为我国的新记录种,长微舟藻为新种,两种之间主要的区别特征是壳面外形、长宽比例以及壳面横肋纹的密度。并较详细地描述了该属种类的分类特征、生态习性和分布。     

明晰双肋藻(硅藻门)的超微结构研究北大核心CSCD

在对武陵山区硅藻分类和多样性研究中,收集到了一种双肋藻的标本,经研究鉴定,其为明晰双肋藻[Amphipleura pellucida(Kützing)Kützing]。光学显微镜观察和扫描电子显微镜观察结果表明:明晰双肋藻具有以下特征:(1)纺锤形的壳瓣外形。(2)长而直的中央胸骨。(3)仅着生在靠近壳面两端的短壳缝系统。(4)线纹密度为38~39条/10μm,孔纹密度为54~58个/10μm。(5)壳缝的外近缝端呈直线状,远缝端略微膨大。(6)孔纹内侧开口被圆形筛膜覆盖。该研究结果为明晰双肋藻提供了清晰的超微结构图片资料以及科学的描述。     

我国硅藻类的新记录属--微舟藻属及其一新种

利用透射电镜对采自东黄海海域典型站位的微型硅藻(nanodiatom,〈20μm)进行了研究.观察到我国微型硅藻类的一个新记录属:微舟藻属Nanoneis R.E.Norris以及该属的一个新种:长微舟藻Nanoneislongta sp.nov..该属的主要特征是:壳面两侧对称,具有不完全壳缝,壳面除中轴区外都有横肋纹或长室孔分布.本文描述该属的两个种,其中海斯微舟藻(Nanoneis hasleae R.E.Norris)为我国的新记录种,长微舟藻为新种,两种之间主要的区别特征是壳面外形、长宽比例以及壳面横肋纹的密度.并较详细地描述了该属种类的分类特征、生态习性和分布.     

芬兰贝氏藻(硅藻门)的超微结构研究

以采集于青海湖的石附生硅藻(芬兰贝氏藻)为样品,用10%的HCl溶液溶解样品中含钙的固体化合物,再加入30% H₂O₂溶液氧化去掉硅藻细胞的有机物质,获得干净的硅藻标本。利用Naphrax^ 封装剂制成永久装片,在光学和电子显微镜下对其形态特征进行了详细研究。结果表明：(1) 在光学显微镜下芬兰贝氏藻具有披针形的壳瓣外形、尖圆的壳面末端和明显伸长的中轴区三个特征。(2) 在扫描电子显微镜下芬兰贝氏藻紧邻中央区的孔纹明显伸长,其长度为2～4个正常孔纹的长度。(3) 通过文献查阅和相似种类的比较发现,同时具有尖圆的末端和明显伸长的紧邻中央区的孔纹是芬兰贝氏藻鉴定的独特性状组合,故芬兰贝氏藻的身份可由此确定。该研究首次报道了芬兰贝氏藻在中国的分布。     

中国淡水硅藻新记录——瓦维洛夫双肋藻北大核心CSCD

2021年1月,对福建省莆田市东圳水库进行藻类多样性调查时,发现了中国淡水硅藻的一个新记录种———瓦维洛夫双肋藻(Amphipleura vavilovii Glushchenko&Kulikovskiy)。该种在老挝Namlik村的河流中首次被报道,但未提供其外壳面扫描电镜照片和形态描述。该研究应用光镜和扫描电镜对采集自中国福建的瓦维洛夫双肋藻种群的形态特征进行了观察和描述,并将其与双肋藻属模式种及其他相似种的形态特征进行了比较。结果表明:(1)瓦维洛夫双肋藻壳面线形披针形,中部平行或略收缩,朝向两端渐窄,末端钝圆。(2)中央胸骨明显,朝向两端分叉形成两条平行硅质肋。(3)线纹单列,在10μm内有25~30条。该研究结果与瓦维洛夫双肋藻模式种群形态、线纹等特征吻合,该种在中国是首次报道。     

管壳缝类硅藻中国新记录属种——非洲南氏藻

利用光学和电子显微镜对采自黄海水域的1个管壳缝类硅藻——非洲南氏藻进行了形态学研究,并对其地理分布进行了讨论.结果表明:(1)该种壳体带面呈矩形,壳面窄椭圆形,具有钝圆的末端.(2)壳缝居中,由两条等长的分支组成.(3)管壳缝由复杂、接合的肋突支撑,但无龙骨.(4)每条线纹仅有1个孔纹,壳套上最多有1列孔纹.(5)目前...     

我国微型硅藻类的新记录属--拟脆杆藻属

利用透射电镜（TEM）对东海、黄海海域典型站位的微型硅藻进行了研究,观察到我国的一个新记录属——拟脆杆藻属Fragilariopsis Hustedt。该属的主要特征是：1．细胞以壳面全部或大部分相连成带状群体：2．壳缝靠近壳缘,强烈偏心;3．点条纹数目与船骨点大致相等;4．壳面纵轴通常异极;5．点条纹由两列孔纹组成,很少一列或两列以上的。对该属以及在东海、黄海海域发现的该属的两个种——克氏拟脆杆藻E kerguelensis（0’Meara）Hustedt和菱形拟脆杆藻Frhombica（0’Meara）Hustedt进行了较详细的分类特征、生态习性和分布的描述并配有相应的透射电镜照片。     

武汉单极虫(粘体门,双壳目)的重描述及基于18S rDNA序列系统发育分析

通过光镜、扫描电镜和18S rDNA序列对比,对寄生于异育银鲫Carassius auratus gibelio体表的粘孢子虫进行了形态学和分子生物学研究,鉴定其为武汉单极虫Thelohanellus wuhanensis,并发现了形态学新特征:膜状鞘的起始位置不同,且仅包围孢子后部;壳瓣底部内侧具“V”形褶皱;一片壳瓣前端有突起结构;缝脊直,突出明显;测得极丝全长为158.5 ～179.2 (170.7 ±5.7) μm.经18S rDNA序列对比,与T.wuhanensis[HQ613410]的相似率为99.87％.系统发育分析表明,单极虫与碘泡虫具有非常近的亲缘关系,将单极虫属与碘泡虫属二者归属于碘泡科的分类方法更合理.     

焕镛木属——中国木兰科一新属

焕镛木属(Woonyoungia Law)曾分布于广西西北部罗城县,现星散分布于广西北部环江县,贵州省东部荔坡县、云南西南部马关县、是珍稀濒危树种。焕镛木属的花单性异株,与木兰科其他各属均不同;雄花的花被片形态相似而雌花的花被片则明显异形,这也是与木兰科其他各属均不同。此外,焕镛木属的雄蕊两药室稍分开,内侧向开裂,药隔伸出成舌状尖;雌蕊6-9,心皮全部合生,仅露出柱关面;成熟心皮革质,沿背缝开裂,形成近球形的聚合果。与它近缘的单性木兰属(Kmeria Dandy)则雄蕊两药室紧贴,内向开裂,顶端钝,药隔不伸出;成熟心皮木质、沿腹缝全裂及顶端开裂,最后裂成两果瓣、形成各成熟心皮散开的聚合果等不同。依上述不相同特征,故成立焕镛木属属新属。     

黑粉菌属一新种及中国黑粉菌补遗VI

本文描述采自河北小五台山的黑粉菌一新种,即寄生在野青茅(Deyeuxia arundinacea(L.) Beauv)上的野青茅黑粉菌(Ustilago deyeuxiae L. Guo)。此种与网优黑粉菌(Ustilago scrobiculata Liro)近似,但野青茅黑粉菌网纹明显,网眼高。并报道三种黑粉菌中国新记录。1)酢浆草黑粉菌(Ustilago oxalidis Ellis&Tracy)寄生于醉浆草(Oxalis corniculata L.),此种是我国首次在酢浆草科(Oxalidaceae)植物上发现的黑粉菌。2)网状黑粉菌(Ustilago polygoni-alati Thirum. & Pavgi)寄生于尼泊尔萝(Polygonum nepalense Meisn.),作者对此种进行了订正研究。3)臭草条黑粉菌(Urocystis melicae (Lagerheim & Liro) Zundel)寄生于细叶臭草(Melica radula Fr.)。     

中国假尾孢属的研究VI.

本文报道中国假尾孢属的16个种,其中有3个新种:藤山柳假尾孢(Pseudocercospora clematoclethrae),仙茅假尾孢(P. curculiginis,),豆付柴假尾孢(P. premnicola), 8个新组合:金粟兰假尾孢(P. chloranthe), 榅桲假尾孢(P. cydoniae),福岗假尾孢(P. fukuokaensis),土连翘假尾孢(P. hymenodictyonis),南五味子假尾孢(P. kadsurae), 野岛假尾孢(P. nojimae).绣线菊假尾孢(P. spiraeicola),球形假尾孢(P. sphaeriiformis)和3个中国新纪录。文中对新种进行了描述并绘图。研究的标本保存在中国科学院微生物研究所真菌标本室(HMAS)。     

Genome size in Bulgarian Centaurea s.l. (Asteraceae)

Thirty-nine species and subspecies of the genera Centaurea, Colymbada, Psephellus and Cyanus (all included in Centaurea s.l.) including many rare and endemic taxa of preponderantly Bulgarian distribution have been investigated with Feulgen DNA image densitometry for holoploid and monoploid genome size (C- and Cx-values). Cyanus varies gradually 2.17-fold between 0.74 pg and 1.56 pg (1Cx). In the remaining taxa two major genome size groups are found, which differ about 1.8-fold in Cx-value. Low values occur in Centaurea subgenera Acrolophus, Solstitiaria, Phalolepis (0.77 pg to 0.90 pg, 1Cx) and Jacea (0.95 pg to 1.09 pg, 1Cx), high values in the genera Colymbada (1.65 pg to 1.93 pg, 1Cx) and Psephellus (1.79 pg, 1Cx, in P. marschallianus). Cx-values support a distinction of Colymbada from Centaurea. Genome size variation is discussed with regard to phylogeny, life form (annual versus perennial), polyploidy, chromosome basic numbers, altitude of occurrence and climate, endemism, and rarity.     

Arcobacter ellisii sp. nov., isolated from mussels

As part of a study carried out for detecting Arcobacter spp. in shellfish, three mussel isolates that were Gram-negative slightly curved rods, non-spore forming, showed a new 16S rDNA-RFLP pattern with a specific identification method for the species of this genus. Sequences of the 16S rRNA gene and those of the housekeeping genes rpoB, gyrB and hsp60 provided evidence that these mussel strains belonged to an unknown genetic lineage within the genus Arcobacter. The similarity between the 16S rRNA gene sequence of the representative strain (F79-6^T) and type strains of the other Arcobacter species ranged between 94.1% with A. halophilus and 99.1% with the recently proposed species A. defluvii (CECT 7697^T). DDH results between strain F79-6^T and the type strain of the latter species were below 70% (53 ± 3.0%). Phenotypic characteristics together with MALDITOF mass spectra differentiated the new mussel strains from all other Arcobacter species. All the results indicate that these strains represent a new species, for which the name Arcobacter ellisii sp. nov. with the type strain F79-6^T (=CECT 7837^T = LMG 26155^T) is proposed.     

Functional response and progeny production of the Madeira mealybug parasitoid, Anagyrus sp. nov. nr. sinope: The effects of host and parasitoid densities

We tested the hypothesis that control of an herbivorous pest would be improved by providing floral resources for adult natural enemies. The herbivore was euonymus scale, Unaspis euonymi (Comstock) (Homoptera: Diaspididae), a serious pest of woody ornamental plants. The experimental landscape consisted of 3 × 3 m plots, each containing a central bed of Euonymus fortunei (Turcz.) that was infested with the scale. Floral resource plants were cultivars of four species that overlapped in bloom periods to provide a continuous supply of floral resources during summer: Trifolium repens L., Euphorbia epithymoides L., Coreopsis verticillata L. var. ‘Moonbeam,’ and Solidago canadensis L. var. ‘Golden Baby.’ Plots contained either low or high densities of all four species, or no resource plants. Densities of euonymus scale were typically lower in plots containing resource plants than in plots without them. Parasitism by Encarsia citrina (Craw.) (Hymenoptera: Aphelinidae) was rarely influenced by the experimental treatments, flower biomass, whole-plant biomass, or scale density, but in some cases was inversely correlated with density of scales within a generation and in the subsequent generation. Parasitism occasionally reduced densities of scales in plots containing resource plants, but this effect apparently was related to vegetative, not floral qualities of plants. A steady increase in parasitism rate over the three-year course of the experiment across the entire landscape was associated with decreasing density of scales, suggesting a numerical response by the parasitoid population. These findings suggest that the parasitoid is capable of effectively controlling euonymus scale in ornamental landscapes where environmental conditions are favorable.     

New fungal genera, Tectonidula gen. nov. for Calosphaeria-like fungi with holoblastic-denticulate conidiogenesis and Natantiella gen. nov. for three species segregated from Ceratostomella

Two morphologically similar groups of ascomycetes with globose to subglobose perithecia, elongate necks, unitunicate asci floating freely at maturity, and hyaline ascospores currently placed in Calosphaeria s. lat. and Ceratostomella s. lat., respectively, are studied. The Calosphaeria-like fungi have groups of perithecia growing between cortex and wood, arranged in circular groups with converging necks and piercing the cortex in a common point; the asci with a shallow apical ring and U- to horseshoe-shaped hyaline ascospores are compared with Calosphaeria pulchella, the type species of the genus. Conidiogenesis of the investigated Calosphaeria-like fungi is holoblastic-denticulate; ramichloridium-like and sporothrix-like conidiophores and conidia were formed in vitro. Ascospore and ascus morphology, structure of the ascal apex, ascogenous system, mode of conidiogenesis and the large subunit rRNA sequences of this group differ considerably from C. pulchella and both groups are unrelated. Thus a new genus, Tectonidula, is described with two accepted species, T. hippocrepida and T. fagi; they are separated by ascospore and ascus morphology and holoblastic-denticulate conidiogenesis from the core species of Calosphaeria. The placement of Tectonidula among perithecial ascomycetes is discussed. The relationship of Tectonidula with Barbatosphaeria and two ramichloridium-like hyphomycetous genera Rhodoveronaea and Myrmecridium is investigated. Three species formerly attributed to Ceratostomella are studied. The revision of the herbarium type specimen and fresh material of Ceratostomella ligneola revealed that it is conspecific with Ceratostomella ampullasca and Ceratostomella similis. The LSU phylogeny clearly separated C. ligneola from Ceratostomella s. str. and morphologically similar Lentomitella. On the basis of molecular sequence data and detailed comparison of morphology of asci, ascospores and ascogenous system the genus Natantiella is described for C. ligneola with C. ampullasca and C. similis as its synonyms. Natantiella produced sterile mycelium in vitro.     

Phylogeographic patterns in Leccinum sect. Scabra and the status of the arctic-alpine species L. rotundifoliae

We investigated inter- and intraspecific phylogenetic relationships in the ectomycorrhizal fungal genus Leccinum section Scabra. Species of this section are exclusively associated with Betula and occur throughout the Northern Hemisphere. We compared the phylogenetic relationships of arctic, alpine, boreal and temperate accessions of section Scabra based on DNA sequences of the single-copy nuclear gene Gapdh and the multiple-copy nuclear region 5.8S-ITS2. Exclusively arctic lineages were not detected in species that occur both in arctic-alpine or boreal regions, except in L. rotundifoliae that was restricted to cold climates. L. scabrum and L. holopus showed an intercontinental phylogeographic pattern, and L. variicolor showed a pattern unrelated to geographical distribution. Molecular clock estimates indicated that L. rotundifoliae is as old as other species in section Scabra. Individual gene trees suggest that interspecific hybridisation occurred several times in the evolution of section Scabra.     

Addition and reexamination of Japanese species belonging to the genus Cercospora and allied genera. IX. Newly recorded species from Japan (4)

Pseudocercospora cyatheae C. Nakash. & S. Inaba on Cyathea sp. as a new species is described. Three species belonging to the genus Cercospora and allied genera are newly added to the mycoflora of Japan. They are Cercospora armoraciae on Armoracia rusticana, Passalora passaloroides on Amorpha fruticosa, and Pseudocercospora nogalesii on Cytisus scoparius.     

Molecular identification of Taenia spp. in wolves (Canis lupus), brown bears (Ursus arctos) and cervids from North Europe and Alaska

Taenia tapeworms of Finnish and Swedish wolves (Canis lupus) and Finnish brown bears (Ursus arctos), and muscle cysticerci of Svalbard reindeer (Rangifer tarandus platyrhynchus), Alaskan Grant's caribou (Rangifer tarandus granti) and Alaskan moose (Alces americanus) were identified on the basis of the nucleotide sequence of a 396 bp region of the mitochondrial cytochrome c oxidase subunit 1 gene. Two species were found from wolves: Taenia hydatigena and Taenia krabbei. The cysticerci of reindeer, caribou and one moose also represented T. krabbei. Most of the cysticercal specimens from Alaskan moose, however, belonged to an unknown T. krabbei-like species, which had been reported previously from Eurasian elks (Alces alces) from Finland. Strobilate stages from two bears belonged to this species as well. The present results suggest that this novel Taenia sp. has a Holarctic distribution and uses Alces spp. as intermediate and ursids as final hosts.