面向有机污染物消除的“微生物、植物、电”多效耦合作用机制及低能耗型修复技术

中欧合作项目"面向有机污染物消除的‘微生物、植物、电’多效耦合作用机制及低能耗型修复技术"是由中国国家自然科学基金委和欧盟共同资助的重大国际合作项目。该项目研究领域属于环境生物技术,研究团队包括5个中方单位和17个欧方单位,项目主要围绕新有机污染物的生物降解过程和机制、低能耗生物修复技术开展研究工作。项目执行2年来,在降解污染物的微生物资源、弱电介入增效生物降解和强化电子传递、微生物3D打印等方面取得了阶段性成果的同时,项目团队还开展了有效的交流和实质性合作。未来,项目团队将克服新冠疫情影响,强化中欧双方团队内部和团队之间的合作交流,全面实现项目科学目标,圆满完成国际合作任务。     

欧盟海洋生物技术研究热点

海洋生物技术范围很广,随着人类对海洋环境特殊性和海洋生物多样性特征的认识不断深入,相关国家纷纷把海洋生物技术作为研究的重点,竞相投入人力物力,并积极参与国际合作。欧盟是科技发达国家和比较发达国家的联合体,其科技实力在全球占有显著地位。简要分类评述了1997—2006年的10年间,欧盟第五和第六框架计划在海水养殖、活性物质开发、海洋生物传感器和反应器、海洋污染物的生物修复等领域资助研究的近百个海洋生物技术相关项目,为我国的相关研究提供参考。     

海洋石油污染物的微生物降解与生物修复

石油是海洋环境的主要污染物 ,已经对海洋及近岸环境造成了严重的危害。微生物降解是海洋石油污染去除的主要途径。海洋石油污染物的微生物降解受石油组分与理化性质、环境条件以及微生物群落组成等多方面因素的制约 ,N和P营养的缺乏是海洋石油污染物生物降解的主要限制因子。在生物降解研究基础上发展起来的生物修复技术在海洋石油污染治理中发展潜力巨大 ,并且取得了一系列成果。介绍了海洋中石油污染物的来源、转化过程、降解机理、影响生物降解因素及生物修复技术等方面内容 ,强调了生物修复技术在治理海洋石油污染环境中的优势和重要性 ,指出目前生物修复技术存在的问题。     

我国污染土壤修复研究现状与展望

介绍了我国土壤污染的突出特点及其危害,回顾了污染土壤从清洁技术研究到物理、化学和生物修复研究的历程,总结了污染土壤修复取得的初步成果,提出了污染土壤修复的实质和系统技术方法。根据我国土壤污染的实际和修复需求,本文提出了当前本领域急需开展的研究内容,预测了污染土壤修复研究对环境科学相关学科的推动作用。     

多环芳烃的真菌漆酶转化及污染土壤修复技术

漆酶可以转化多种有机污染物,在环境保护领域具有广泛的应用潜力。二十年来,通过多学科协同研究,对真菌漆酶转化多环芳烃的机制、特征等各方面的认识不断深入。基于漆酶等真菌木质素分解酶的污染土壤修复技术不断发展,并逐渐走向田间应用。本文首先介绍了真菌漆酶的一般作用机制与多环芳烃转化特征,结合我们的相关研究提出了漆酶作用下多环芳烃在土壤中的迁移模式;其次介绍了利用漆酶氧化原理修复污染农田土壤的潜力,着重对利用农业废弃物进行真菌生物刺激的修复实践进行了评述;最后,就漆酶转化多环芳烃基础研究中的若干重要问题进行了思考,并展望了真菌及其漆酶系统在污染土壤修复应用中的发展方向。     

生物炭对污染物的土壤环境行为影响研究进展

近年来,生物炭已成为农业、生态修复和环境保护领域的研究热点。一般认为,生物炭具有改善土壤质量、增加土壤碳汇、减少大气CO2浓度以及修复污染环境等功能。大量的生物炭施用到土壤后会改变土壤性质,影响重金属和有机污染物在土壤中的环境行为以及它们在环境中的归趋。本文就生物炭对土壤中重金属的吸附-解吸、在土壤中的形态转化、在土壤-植物系统中迁移行为、对有机污染物的吸附挥发及生物有效性进行了概述;在此基础上,扼要分析了当前生物炭应用存在的环境风险等问题,并从生物炭在土壤中的迁移转化及其归趋、生物炭的长期环境效应以及生物炭应用方向等方面进行了展望。     

第二届中国国际生物微量元素大会(第二轮通知)

<正>为深入探讨国内外生物微量元素的最新前沿和焦点问题,促进我国生物微量元素领域学术交流与合作,为微量元素基础研究领域的专家、学者和企业界人士提供学术交流平台,由浙江大学承办的"第二届中国国际生物微量元素大会"将于2014年11月6~9日在杭州举行。这次会议是继2012年上海第一次中国生物微量元素大会之后,又一次全国性微量元素会议。本次会议将广泛邀请微量元素领域国际专家,报告当今生物微量元素研究的最新成果与发展趋势,促进国内外学术交流与合作。同时,第二届中国国际     

离子束在生命科学中的应用

低能离子在生命科学中应用是道德在中国兴起的１９８６年,中国的科技工作者研究了低能哼子对生物的诱变效应,并成功地将其应用于植物育种。现在,离子注入技术已被应用于生物改良、生命起源和进化以及环境辐射生物学效应等多个理论和应用研究领域。其中,在植物遗传转化、创造新种质资源方面的成果尤其为突出：通过离子束介导转化法获得了高蛋白小麦、高光效水稻,抗病小麦、水稻、棉花新品质。通过诱变技术获得了多穗型玉米、无融     

2020污染土壤的生物修复专刊序言

生物修复技术,作为可持续发展的重要方向,因其环境友好、高效且无二次污染并能从根本上解决土壤污染问题而受到关注,已经在土壤污染治理中得到了广泛的应用。为了梳理和凝练生物修复技术的发展状况,本专刊收录了该研究领域的16篇论文,分别从植物修复、微生物修复、联合修复、重金属吸收积累的相关分子机制、资源化再利用等方面,详细阐述生物修复技术的发展动态,展望未来的发展趋势,为促进生物修复技术的发展提供参考。     

低温微生物修复石油烃类污染土壤研究进展

耐冷菌、嗜冷菌等低温微生物广泛存在于极地、高山以及高纬度等土壤环境中,是石油烃类污染物在低温条件下降解与转化的重要微生物资源.利用低温微生物的独特优势,石油污染土壤的低温生物修复技术的研究成为当前热点领域.本文系统综述了低温石油烃降解菌的分类及冷适机制,低温微生物对不同类型石油烃组分的降解特征和降解机理,低温环境中接种降解菌、添加营养物质和表面活性剂等强化技术在石油污染土壤中生物修复的应用.以及微生物分子生物学技术在低温微生物降解石油烃的研究现状,为拓展我国石油污染土壤生物修复技术提供参考.     

PAH Phytoremediation: Rhizodegradation or Rhizoattenuation?

Dealing with soil contaminated with persistent organic pollutants (POP) is an increasing concern amplified by both regulatory constraints and the dramatic impact of human activities on the soil resource. The most used management options are treatments which totally eradicate the toxic compounds targeted. When possible, environmental-friendly processes should be used, and recent years have seen the emergence of green technologies using biological energies involving microorganisms (bioremediation) and plants (phytoremediation). Research has focused on phytoremediation and many have presented this technology as the process ideally combining efficiency, low cost and environmental acceptance. However, the applicability of phytoremediation on soils contaminated by bio-recalcitrant organic compounds, such as polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAH), has not yet proved as successful as expected. We propose here a review and discussion of the overall question of PAH status in soil and their potential for treatment. The limits and applicability of bioremediation technologies are discussed, and the specific beneficial effect of plants is objectively evaluated with a special interest to processes which lead to rhizoattenuation. Given the PAH high affinity to soil organic matter, availability is the main limitation to phytoremediation. In this context, bioavailability quantification remains an issue as well as the characterization of the recalcitrant fraction.     

2019环境生物技术专刊序言

环境生物技术,作为一门由现代生物技术与环境工程相结合的新兴交叉学科,已经在环境污染治理、环境监测中得到了广泛的应用,环境友好、高效地处理有机及无机污染,同时变废为宝生产高值化合物为从根本上解决环境问题提供了希望与支持。本专刊报道了环境生物技术在多环芳烃、抗生素、石油基塑料等环境污染物降解领域的基础与应用研究,介绍了吲哚、微生物铁载体等分子在生物修复中的应用,为全面认识环境污染现状、深入开展环境生物技术研究并制定综合治理策略等提供参考。     

Metagenomic applications in environmental monitoring and bioremediation

With the rapid advances in sequencing technology, the cost of sequencing has dramatically dropped and the scale of sequencing projects has increased accordingly. This has provided the opportunity for the routine use of sequencing techniques in the monitoring of environmental microbes. While metagenomic applications have been routinely applied to better understand the ecology and diversity of microbes, their use in environmental monitoring and bioremediation is increasingly common. In this review we seek to provide an overview of some of the metagenomic techniques used in environmental systems biology, addressing their application and limitation. We will also provide several recent examples of the application of metagenomics to bioremediation. We discuss examples where microbial communities have been used to predict the presence and extent of contamination, examples of how metagenomics can be used to characterize the process of natural attenuation by unculturable microbes, as well as examples detailing the use of metagenomics to understand the impact of biostimulation on microbial communities.     

Sustainable Development and Cleaner Technology in Brazilian Energy CDM Projects: Consideration of Risks

Given the international urgency of addressing climate change, this article evaluates the contribution of energy Clean Development Mechanism (CDM) projects for the generation of cleaner technologies and the promotion of sustainable development in Brazil. In order to do this, energy CDM projects representing the Brazilian context were selected and a multi-case study was conducted. The data collected were compared using a data triangulation technique and further analyzed in the light of an analysis model built on the following concepts: CDM project's cycle, technology transfer, environmental technologies, and sustainable development. The results demonstrate the prevalence of projects that: (a) use renewable energy sources and technologies that can be classified as cleaner, (b) have a triple bottom line profile with regard to sustainable development, and (c) show partially exogenous or predominantly endogenous technology transfer. General risk factors are presented and analyzed from a CDM project's life cycle's perspective. The results show that Brazilian energy CDM projects contribute to cleaner technology generation and to the promotion of triple bottom line (social, economic, and environmental) sustainable development.     

Cleanup of industrial effluents containing heavy metals: a new opportunity of valorising the biomass produced by brewing industry

Heavy metal pollution is a matter of concern in industrialised countries. Contrary to organic pollutants, heavy metals are not metabolically degraded. This fact has two main consequences: its bioremediation requires another strategy and heavy metals can be indefinitely recycled. Yeast cells of Saccharomyces cerevisiae are produced at high amounts as a by-product of brewing industry constituting a cheap raw material. In the present work, the possibility of valorising this type of biomass in the bioremediation of real industrial effluents containing heavy metals is reviewed. Given the auto-aggregation capacity (flocculation) of brewing yeast cells, a fast and off-cost yeast separation is achieved after the treatment of metal-laden effluent, which reduces the costs associated with the process. This is a critical issue when we are looking for an effective, eco-friendly, and low-cost technology. The possibility of the bioremediation of industrial effluents linked with the selective recovery of metals, in a strategy of simultaneous minimisation of environmental hazard of industrial wastes with financial benefits from reselling or recycling the metals, is discussed.     

Bio beware!! Constraints and considerations when demonstrating bioremediation technologies in the field

Demonstrations of remedial technologies are undertaken to show that the treatment process causes some level of contaminant reduction, and to follow important operating or process parameters during treatment. In projects utilizing biological processes, it is important to demonstrate that enhanced metabolic activity — the proposed treatment mechanism — actually is responsible for the contaminant reduction. Results from two field‐scale bioremediation projects are used to highlight the importance of remedial objectives or endpoints when designing proper controls and selecting appropriate analytical methods. The results are also used to illustrate some of the limitations of using the “total”; concentration of a mixture for evaluating the effectiveness of a technology.     

A comprehensive overview of elements in bioremediation

Sustainable development requires the development and promotion of environmental management and a constant search for green technologies to treat a wide range of aquatic and terrestrial habitats contaminated by increasing anthropogenic activities. Bioremediation is an increasingly popular alternative to conventional methods for treating waste compounds and media with the possibility to degrade contaminants using natural microbial activity mediated by different consortia of microbial strains. Many studies about bioremediation have been reported and the scientific literature has revealed the progressive emergence of various bioremediation techniques. In this review, we discuss the various in situ and ex situ bioremediation techniques and elaborate on the anaerobic digestion technology, phytoremediation, hyperaccumulation, composting and biosorption for their effectiveness in the biotreatment, stabilization and eventually overall remediation of contaminated strata and environments. The review ends with a note on the recent advances genetic engineering and nanotechnology have had in improving bioremediation. Case studies have also been extensively revisited to support the discussions on biosorption of heavy metals, gene probes used in molecular diagnostics, bioremediation studies of contaminants in vadose soils, bioremediation of oil contaminated soils, bioremediation of contaminants from mining sites, air sparging, slurry phase bioremediation, phytoremediation studies for pollutants and heavy metal hyperaccumulators, and vermicomposting.     

The influence of the molecular basis of resistance on insecticide discovery

This paper focuses on the process of invention and development of new insecticides and the impact of current research in resistance mechanisms on that process. The topic is introduced in the context of (i) the critical need to develop new insect-control agents to ensure a continued supply of high-quality food and fibre; (ii) how resistance development will continue to influence the potential to ensure the supply of these essentials; and (iii) why new insect-control technology is welcomed by growers. The main section of the paper describes a generic agrochemical invention process and discusses the impact that an understanding of the molecular basis of resistance will have on the various stages of this process, using specific examples to illustrate these points. By focusing on insecticide invention, this paper provides a context in which other information more specific to insecticide resistance from this issue can be understood.     

一个以可再生资源为原料的新材料产业——"生态塑料"即将诞生

介绍了完全可生物降解塑料PLA、PHA等材料的研究进展和产业化进程。浅析了生物降解塑料国内外发展现状、面临的困难与机遇。建议抓住时机重视和发展来源于可再生资源的生物材料———生态塑料,使之成为一个可持续发展的新材料产业。