瘦素对血管平滑肌细胞核转录因子κB的影响

目的探讨瘦素(leptin)对血管平滑肌细胞(VSMCs)核转录因子(NF-κB)的影响。方法贴块法原代培养VSMCs;分别采用MTT法检测leptin对VSMCs增殖活性的影响,免疫荧光-共聚焦显微镜和蛋白印迹技术检测Lep-tin对VSMCs中NF?κB的细胞内定位和VSMCs核中NF?κB的蛋白含量。结果leptin对VSMCs具有促进细胞增殖的作用,这种促增殖活性具有剂量依赖性;Leptin能促进VSMCs中的NF?κB从胞质转移至细胞核,并且这种作用也具有剂量依赖性。结论Leptin能促进VSMCs增殖,能激活VSMCs中NF?κB,使其从胞质转位至胞核;同时,目前已有的研究已经证明NF?κB与平滑肌细胞的增殖和迁移关系密切,提示Leptin促进VSMCs的增殖作用中可能有NF?κB信号传导通路的参与。     

丙磺舒对血小板衍生生长因子-BB诱发大鼠肺动脉平滑肌细胞迁移和增殖的干预作用

目的:研究丙磺舒(PROB)对血小板衍生生长因子-BB(PDGF-BB)诱发大鼠肺动脉平滑肌细胞的迁移与增殖的影响。方法:体外原代培养SD大鼠肺动脉平滑肌细胞(PASMCs),随机分为正常对照组(CON组)、造模组(10 ng/ml PDGF-BB 24 h)、丙磺舒处理组(10 ng/ml PDGF-BB和200μmol/L PROB孵育24 h, PROB为Pannexin-1的特异性阻断剂)。通过CCK-8法选取丙磺舒和PDGF-BB干预浓度,并检测各组细胞的增殖能力;通过细胞划痕实验和Transwell^TM实验检测各组PASMCs的迁移能力;通过细胞免疫荧光技术检测各组PASMCs中骨桥蛋白(OPN)和增殖细胞核抗原(PCNA)的分布和表达;通过Western blot法检测各组PASMCs中OPN和PCNA的蛋白水平差异。结果:与CON组相比,PDGF-BB组的PASMCs迁移和增殖能力均有所增强(P<0.05),经PROB干预后,细胞迁移和增殖能力降低(P<0.05);与CON组相比,PDGF-BB组OPN和PCNA的表达和蛋白水平均显著升...     

抑制NF-κB信号通路对缺氧诱导小鼠海马神经元HT22细胞损伤的影响

本研究试图从细胞衰老和凋亡方面,探讨NF-κB信号通路抑制剂PDTC对缺氧诱导的小鼠海马神经细胞HT22的影响。实验研究以小鼠海马神经元细胞HT22细胞为细胞模型,设置4组,分别是Control组、缺氧组、缺氧+PDTC组、PDTC组(PDTC, NF-κB信号通路抑制剂)。用CCK-8法检测细胞存活率;hochest33258染色观察细胞凋亡情况;Elisa检查细胞Caspase-3水平;Western blotting检测衰老相关蛋白P16和P21的表达。CCK-8结果发现,与缺氧组比较,缺氧+PDTC组中HT22细胞数存活率明显升高;hochest33258染色结果示:与缺氧组比较,缺氧+PDTC组中hochest33258染色阳性HT22细胞数目显著降低;Elisa结果显示,缺氧+PDTC组HT22细胞中Caspase-3水平与缺氧组比较显著降低。Western blotting结果显示:与缺氧组比较,缺氧+PDTC组HT22细胞中衰老相关蛋白P16和P21表达明显降低。本研究初步结果表明,运用PDTC抑制NF-κB信号通路能有效拮抗缺氧对小鼠海马细胞HT22细胞的损伤作用。     

AQP1促进肺动脉平滑肌细胞的增殖与迁移

肺动脉平滑肌细胞(PASMCs)的迁移和增殖是肺动脉重塑进而造成肺动脉高压的主要病理基础。水通道蛋白1(AQP1)具有促进上皮细胞、内皮细胞迁移的作用,但机制不清。由于AQP1也表达于血管平滑肌细胞,推测AQP1可能参与缺氧诱导的PASMCs增殖及迁移。通过PCR和免疫印迹分析,检测AQP的表达以及缺氧对AQP表达水平的影响,并通过细胞迁移以及增殖实验观察AQP1在缺氧诱导的PASMCs迁移与增殖中的作用。AQP1在PASMCs和主动脉平滑肌细胞(Ao SMCs)均表达,但缺氧只增加PASMCs中AQP1的表达,以及促进PASMCs的迁移与增殖。敲除AQP1可抑制PASMCs的增殖以及缺氧诱导的细胞增殖和迁移。过表达AQP1促进PASMCs的增殖和迁移。缺氧促进β联蛋白在PASMCs内的表达。敲除β联蛋白后,抑制Ad AQP1所介导的PASMCs迁移与增殖。这些结果表明,缺氧可促进AQP1在肺动脉内的表达,AQP1可通过β联蛋白对PASMCs的增殖和迁移进行调节。     

吩噻嗪类钙调素抑制剂对芽殖酵母(Saccharomyces cerevisiae)和粟酒裂殖酵母(Schizosaccharomyces pombe)细胞增殖的不同效应

低浓度的TFP、CPZ及FPZ能明显促进S．Pombe细胞的增殖,培养液中Ca2+浓度越低,TFP等的促进作用越显著,Ca2+与TFP具有协同促进S.pombe增殖的功能;但20μmol／LTFP能终止S．Cerevisiae细胞周期的运转。TFP的细胞膜通透性研究表明,20μmol／LTFP就能进入到S.cerevisiae细胞中,但不易穿过S．Pombe细胞膜却能明显促进Ca2+的内流,引起S.pombe胞内Ca2+总量的迅速增加。因此认为低度的TFP促进S.pombe细胞的增殖,不是因为TFP进入到胞内作为CaM的抑制剂而起的作用,而是通过促进胞外钙的内流从而促进S．Pombe细胞的增殖。     

高糖诱导肾小球系膜细胞表达TNFα-的机制探讨

目的:初步探讨高糖诱导肾小球系膜细胞表达肿瘤坏死因子α(TNFα-)的机制。方法:分别用p38丝裂原活化蛋白激酶(p38MAPK)特异性抑制剂SB203580、核因子-κB(NFκ-B)特异性抑制剂PDTC预刺激肾小球系膜细胞30 min,再以高糖(20 mmol/L)干预48 h后,分别采用RT-PCR法检测系膜细胞内TNFα-mRNA水平,Western blot法检测系膜细胞内磷酸化p38MAPK蛋白水平、细胞核及细胞浆NFκ-B p65蛋白水平。结果:与低糖对照组相比,高糖可促进肾小球系膜细胞内TNFα-mRNA表达,以及p38MAPK、NFκ-B蛋白活化;SB203580(10 mmol/L)、PDTC(10 mmol/L)预刺激肾小球系膜细胞均可抑制高糖诱导肾小球系膜细胞表达TNFα-,且SB203580可抑制高糖诱导系膜细胞内NFκ-B蛋白活化。结论:p38MAPK-NFκ-B信号途径参与介导高糖诱导肾小球系膜细胞表达TNFα-。     

载脂蛋白E对低氧诱导小鼠肺动脉平滑肌细胞增殖的影响及其机制*

目的:探讨外源性载脂蛋白E(apoE)对低氧诱导小鼠肺动脉平滑肌细胞(PASMCs)增殖的影响及其机制。方法:采用组织块贴壁法原代培养小鼠PASMCs,取对数生长期PASMCs,分常氧组、常氧+apoE组、低氧组和低氧+apoE组,常氧组培养条件为:21% O₂、5% CO₂,低氧组培养条件为:1% O₂、5% CO₂,外源性加apoE使终浓度为10 μg/ml,培养时间为48 h,重复三次。EdU掺入法检测细胞增殖情况,Western blot法检测apoE、增殖细胞核抗原(PCNA)、蛋白激酶C(PKC)和磷酸化蛋白激酶C(p-PKC)蛋白的表达。结果:与常氧组比较,低氧组PASMCs增殖率提高64.7%,PCNA蛋白和p-PKC蛋白表达分别上调69.0%和120.0%,而apoE蛋白表达下调51.0%(P均＜0.05);与低氧组比较,低氧+apoE组PASMCs增殖率降低19.6%,PCNA蛋白和p-PKC蛋白表达分别下调19.8%和103.2%(P均＜0.05);各组间PKC蛋白表达无显著性差异,常氧组p-PKC蛋白表达与常氧+apoE组的相比也无显著性差异(P均＞0.05)。结论:apoE能抑制低氧诱导小鼠PASMCs增殖,其机制可能与阻碍PKC途径有关。     

NF- kB 对低氧大鼠肺动脉平滑肌细胞ET- 1 表达的影响

目的：探讨核因子kB（NF—kB）对低氧大鼠肺动脉平滑肌细胞（PAMSC）内皮素-1（endothelin—1,ET—1）表达的影响。方法：分离培养大鼠肺动脉平滑肌细胞,分别在常氧和低氧条件下培养48小时。ELISA检测培养上清中ET—1含量,RT—PCR检测ET-1 mRNA表达。在培养液中加入NF—kB抑制剂PDTC,检测PASMCs ET—1表达的变化。Western blotting检测PASMCs IkB表达变化。结果：低氧培养能够诱导PASMCs表达ET—1。NF—kB抑制剂能够减少由于低氧引起的ET—1释放,IkB在低氧情况下表达明显减少。结论：ET-1低氧情况下在PAMCS表达明显增加。可能参与低氧所引起的肺动脉的病理过程。低氧所引起的ET—1表达增加可能通过NF—kB信号通路。     

Recent advances in the study of Kaposi's sarcoma-associated herpesvirus replication and pathogenesis

It has now been over twenty years since a novel herpesviral genome was identified in Kaposi's sarcoma biopsies. Since then, the cumulative research effort by molecular biologists, virologists, clinicians, and epidemiologists alike has led to the extensive characterization of this tumor virus, Kaposi's sarcoma-associated herpesvirus(KSHV; also known as human herpesvirus 8(HHV-8)), and its associated diseases. Here we review the current knowledge of KSHV biology and pathogenesis, with a particular emphasis on new and exciting advances in the field of epigenetics. We also discuss the development and practicality of various cell culture and animal model systems to study KSHV replication and pathogenesis.     

The structure, reproduction and taxonomy of Vidalia and Osmundaria (Rhodophyta, Rhodomelaceae)

Comprises species occurring mostly in subtidal habitats in tropical, subtropical and warm-temperate areas of the world. An analysis of the type species, V. spiralis (Sonder) Lamouroux ex J. Agardh, a species from Australia, establishes basic characters for distinguishing species in the genus. These characters are (1) branching patterns of thalli, (2) flat blades that may be spiralled on their axis, (3) width of the blade, (4) primary or secondary derivation of sterile and fertile branchlets and (5) position of sterile and fertile branchlets on the thalli. Application of the latter two characters provides an important basic method for separation of species into three major groups. Osmundaria , a genus known only in southern Australia, was studied in relation to Vidalia , and its separation from the Vidalia assemblage is not accepted. Species of Vidalia therefore are transferred to the older genus name, Osmundaria. Two new species, Osmundaria papenfussii and Osmundaria oliveae are described from Natal. Confusion in the usage of the epithet, Vidalia fimbriala Brown ex Turner has been clarified, and Vidalia gregaria Falkenberg, described as an epiphyte on Osmundaria pro/ifera Lamouroux, is revealed to be young branches of the host, Osmundaria prolifera.     

New or rare chromosome counts in Artemisia L. (Asteraceae, Anthemideae) and related genera from Kazakhstan

Fifteen chromosome counts of six Artemisia taxa and one species of each of the genera Brachanthemum, Hippolytia, Kaschgaria, Lepidolopsis and Turaniphytum are reported from Kazakhstan. Three of them are new reports, two are not consistent with previous counts and the remainder are confirmations of very scarce (one to four) earlier records. All the populations studied have the same basic chromosome number, x = 9, with ploidy levels ranging from 2x to 6x. Some correlations between ploidy level, morphological characters and distribution are noted.     

肝癌中HBV和HCV基因和抗原的分布及意义

采用原位分子杂交方法检测HCV RNA及HBV X基因;采用免疫组织化学方法研究HCV核心抗原,非结构区C33c抗原及HBxAg在肝细胞肝癌中的定位及分布.结果表明(1)HCV RNA、HBV X基因在肝细胞肝癌组织检出率分别为40%(55/136)和82%(112/136).HCV RNA定位于癌细胞的胞浆内,阳性细胞呈散在、灶状及弥漫分布三种形式;HBV X基因在肝癌细胞中的分布呈胞浆型、核型及核浆型,阳性细胞也呈上述三种分布形式;(2)HCV C33c抗原、核心抗原在肝细胞肝癌中的阳性率为81%(133/164)及86%(141/164).C33c抗原定位于癌细胞及肝细胞的胞浆内;核心抗原既定位于癌细胞核中,又可定位于胞浆中.C33c抗原阳性细胞以灶状分布为主;而核心抗原阳性细     

Selection with two alleles and complete dominance

For a plant selection model with frequency-independent viabilities, fertilities and selfing rates, it is shown that apart from global fixation, for certain parameter combinations a protected polymorphism and facultative fixation (either allele may become fixed according to initial frequencies) may both occur. Facultative fixation requires different selling rates for the dominant and recessive type. Protection of the polymorphism requires resource allocation for male and female function. In this connection the problem of purely genetically caused population extinction is discussed.
For general frequency dependence and regular segregation, the chances for establishment of a completely recessive gene are compared to those of a completely dominant gene. It is proven that the process of establishment of the recessive gene, despite a fitness advantage, may be considerably endangered by drift effects if random mating prevails. The recessive gene may reach the same effectivity in establishment as a dominant gene, only if the recessive homozygote mates exclusively with its own type during the period of establishment.