灰树花胞外多糖的结构分析*

灰树花胞外多糖是一种具有显著生物活性的生物反应调节剂,动物实验及临床研究表明灰树花多糖在抗肿瘤、抗HIV病毒以及防治糖尿病、高血压、高血脂、肥胖症、老年痴呆症等方面具有良好的效果,有些方面甚至超过已经临床应用的香菇多糖、云芝多糖和裂褶菌多糖（邢增涛等,1999;李强等,1989;项哨等,1995;劳华均等,1997）。多糖的生物活性与其结构有着密切的关系,许多文献中报道了灰树花子实体多糖的活性及结构（Ohno et al.,1985;Ohno et al.,1987;Ohno et al.,1988;）,但是关于灰树花胞外多糖的结构的分析则较少见到报道。本文…     

黑眶蟾蜍输卵管直段上皮的扫描电镜观察

无尾两栖类的输卵管直段在卵子的受精中起着重要的作用。已有报道,输卵管直段的分泌物可以改变南美洲蟾蜍(Bufo arenarum)卵母细胞的糖代谢途径,促使卵母细胞成熟(Legname et al.,1972)。非洲爪蟾(Xenopus laeuis)、南美洲蟾蜍和日本林蛙(Rana japonica) 的卵母细胞经过输卵管直段时,卵黄膜的结构发生改变(Grey et al., 1977;Yoshizaki et al., 1981;Mariano et al., 1984)。南美洲蟾蜍的输卵管直段能分泌出类胰蛋白酶,此酶可使卵母细胞的卵黄膜结构改变(Miceli et al., 1978,1980)。本文用扫描电镜观察黑眶蟾蜍输卵管直段上皮在排卵前、排卵时和产卵后的变化,以期阐明直段上皮的变化与卵巢中卵母细胞的成熟排放之间的联系。     

神农架川金丝猴粪便和尿液中类固醇激素的检测

灵长类动物类固醇激素的研究已经在很多物种间展开(Cariso et al.,1999;Lutz et al.,2000;He et al.,2001;Yan and Jiang,2006;Brandon et al.,2008;Lu et al.,2010;Kim et al.,2012)。特别是对于没有明显发情特征的灵长类动物,类固醇激素的变化可以为它们的繁殖状态提供更多可靠的评估(Fujita et al.,2001)。自然状态下野生动     

中华绒螯蟹染色体的研究

中华绒螯蟹(Eriocheir sinensis H.Milne Edwards)属甲壳纲(Crustacea)、软甲亚纲(Malacostraca)、十足目(Decapoda)、方蟹科(Grapsidae),俗称河蟹,是我国重要的经济蟹类,其形态解剖、生态习性及生理等方面的研究已有报道(Panning,1939;Koch,1952;堵南山,1954,1957,1958;Bauchau,1960;Leersnyder,1966,1967;Dbainaut et al.,1976;Chevigue,1976;Leeranyder et al.,1977,1978;Pequenx et al.,1982;Chapelle et al.,1982;谈奇坤等,1984.),但至今未见有关细胞遗传学方     

角百灵和小云雀的孵化行为

鸟类的个体发育是在双亲、雏鸟及巢组成的一种特殊环境中完成的,稳定的热环境是它们完成孵化和雏鸟生长发育的必要条件(White et al., 1974; Purdue, 1976; Ellis, 1982; Haftorn, 1983; Morton et al., 1985; Schnace et al., 1991; Vatnick et al., 1998; 张晓爱等,1995).因此亲鸟的伴巢行为及时间花费在保证繁殖成功中起重要作用.伴巢行为是指亲鸟在繁殖期间,为筑巢、防御、抱卵、孵雏及递食而出现在巢中或附近的所有行为(Oppenhaim, 1972).亲鸟拌巢的时间分配与巢环境有密切关系,已有大量的报道(如Purdue, 1976; Ellis,1982; Schnace et al., 1991;张晓爱等, 1995). 张晓爱等(1995)比较了高寒草甸地区的地面、灌丛及洞穴3种不同营巢类型亲鸟的伴巢时间分配模式,但是对亲缘关系较近,营巢生境相同鸟类之间的伴巢时间分配模式,以及坐巢行为与巢环境之间关系没有报道,国外对这方面的报道也甚少.本项研究选择高寒草甸的两种百灵科鸟:角百灵(Eremophila alpestris)和小云雀(Alauda gulgula)作为研究对象来比较亲鸟在孵化期坐巢行为与巢址微环境的关系,对研究鸟类繁殖行为与环境关系及从生活史进化角度研究相似种的共存机制提供理论依据.     

In vivo tunable CRISPR mediates efficient somatic mutagenesis to generate tumor models

Dear Editor, CRISPR/Cas9 has revolutionized genome editing technology due to its simplicity and robustness (Mali et al., 2013). Several inducible CRISPR/Cas9 systems recently developed make spatiotemporal genome editing possible (Kon ermann et al., 2013;Balboa et al., 2015;Dow et al., 2015;Zetsche et al., 2015;Liu et al., 2016;Kleinjan et al., 2017;Maji et al.. 2017;Senturk et al., 2017;Lu et al., 2018).     

Import of Rift Valley fever to China: a potential new threat?

正Several recent studies in Virologica Sinica and other journals have highlighted the enormous international challenge of emerging arboviral diseases,such as Zika virus disease,dengue,and chikungunya(Islam et al.,2015;Maurice et al.,2015;Dai et al.,2016;Deng et al.,2016;Song et al.,2016;Wang et al.,2016;Xu et al.,2016;Zhang et al.,2016;Zhou et     

Cotton variant genomes—a breakthrough in population genetics analysis

正Cotton is not only an important cash crop for its fiber,but also an excellent model system for studying polyploidization,cell elongation and cell wall biosynthesis(Yang et al.,2014;Fang et al.,2017;Wang et al.,2016;Zou et al.,2016).A focus for scientists is to dissect the genetic basis underlying important agronomic traits(Gong et al.,2018;Huang et al.,2016).The advent of high-throughput sequencing technologies has boosted unveiling the cotton genome(Wang et al.,2012;Li et al.,2014;Li et al.,2015).High-throughput     

食蟹猴取食位置偏好及改变的行为学研究

正偏好行为被认为是研究大脑半球功能偏侧性调控表达的一种预测指标(Elias et al.,1998)。偏好行为与大脑解剖结构和功能不对称之间关系的研究表明人类明显偏爱使用右手,是由大脑左半球控制(Zhao et al.,2010;崔媛媛,2012;付卫伟,2012),而手偏好正是大脑皮层结构和功能不对称最基本的行为表现,是大脑半球特化的一个行为标     

大鳞副泥鳅雄核单倍体的早期发育

目前,有关鱼类雄核发育的研究已见于川鲽(Platichthys flesus)、马苏大麻哈鱼(Oncorhynchus masou)、虹鳟(Oncorhynchus mykiss)、红点溪鳟(Salvelinus fontinalis)、鲤鱼(Cyprnus carpio)、尼罗罗非鱼(Oreochromis niloticus)、泥鳅(Misgurnus anguillicaudatus)、斑马鱼(Danio rerio)等(Purdom,1969;Arai et al., 1979; Scheerer et al., 1991; May et al., 1988; Bongers et al., 1994;Grunina et al., 1990; Meyers, 1995; Masaoka et al., 1995; 赵振山等,1998;Corley-Smith et al., 1996).     

Interaction between Bms1 and Rcl1,two ribosome biogenesis factors,is evolutionally conserved in zebrafish and human

正Ribosomes are large RNA and protein complexes that function as the machinery for translation protein synthesis(Boisvert et al.,2007;Ben-Shem et al.,2011;Henras et al.,2015;Khatter et al.,2015;McCann et al.,2015).The eukaryotic ribosome is composed of two subunits,the 60S large subunit(LSU)and the 40S small subunit(SSU),which collectively comprise of four different ribosomal RNA(rRNA)species and more than 70 proteins(Ben-Shem et al.,2011;Henras et al.,2015;Khatter et al.,2015).The LSU contains     

Generation of marker-free transgenic rice using CRISPR/Cas9 system controlled by ?oral speci?c promoters

Recently, the CRISPR/Cas9 system has been used as a powerful tool for genome editing in many species (Jinek et al., 2012;Cong et al., 2013;Wright et al., 2016;Li et al., 2017;Deng et al., 2018). The CR1SPR/Cas9 system can not only be used as a useful technology to disrupt endogenous genes but also expand numerous other applications, such as precise base editing (Komor et al., 2016;Zong et al., 2017), regulation of gene expression (Gilbert et al., 2013), and gene replacement or insertion (Wang et al., 2017).     

SOCS-3 contributes to bisphenol a exposure-induced insulin resistance in hepatocytes

<正>Dear Editor,Bisphenol A (BPA), a common and widely used monomer in the production of polycarbonate plastics and epoxy resin,(Healy et al., 2015; De Filippis et al., 2018) has been defined as an endocrine disrupting chemical (EDC) associated with the etiology of insulin resistance (IR)(Gioiosa et al., 2015;Wei et al., 2017) and metabolic disorders (Padmanabhan et al., 2010; Fang et al., 2015; Balistrieri et al., 2018). However,     

峨眉山夏季小型兽类垂直空间生态位的初步研究

正空间生态位研究是群落生态学研究中的一个非常重要的领域。它能反映一定空间内生物群落中物种对环境资源的综合利用状况和种间的竞争关系(史作民和程瑞梅,1999;Ibarra et al.,2014)。小型兽类生态位的研究在国内外已有不少报道(Churchfield et al.,1999;Patrick,2000;王艳妮等,2005;付和平等,2005;申跃武等,2008;马     

Breeding cotton with superior fiber quality: identification and utilization of multiple elite loci and exotic genetic resources

正In the last decade, cotton genomics had great progress in genome assembling(Li et al., 2015; Huang et al., 2020) and agriculturally important locus identification(Du et al., 2018;Ma et al., 2018; Li et al., 2021).Upland cotton(Gossypium hirsutum) is one of the most important cash crops cultivated worldwide. The fiber quality of cotton directly determines its economic value, and therefore enhancing fiber quality is always the primary task in cotton breeding practices(Xia et al., 2019; Huang et al.,2021).     

小鼠腹腔巨噬细胞被S-O_2-I菌苗激活后的抑瘤作用——Ⅱ.小鼠腹腔巨噬细胞被动转移的抑瘤效应及其肿瘤的病理观察

众所周知肿瘤的发展受宿主免疫功能的影响,当机体免疫功能下降时,肿瘤发展快,死亡率也高。卡介苗和厌氧棒状杆菌苗等一类的细菌佐剂能提高机体的免疫功能,增强机体对肿瘤细胞的排斥能力,它们的抗肿瘤活性和临床应用已有大量报道(Cross et al.,1976;Yamamura et al.,1979;Woodruff et al.,1975;Isral et al.,1976)。近年来,发现S-O_2-1菌苗在临床试用中,具有一定的抗肿瘤活性,并且副作用小,因     

A modified high-efficiency thermal asymmetric interlaced PCR method for amplifying long unknown flanking sequences

<正>Rapid and efficient isolation of unknown flanking DNA sequences adjacent to known regions is important for molecular biology research.For this purpose,several PCR-based methods have been reported,including inverse PCR(Uchiyama and Watanabe,2006),ligation-mediated PCR(Yan et al.,2003;Ballester et al.,2005;Wang et al.,2007;Trinh et al.,2012)and randomly primed PCR(Liu and Whittier,1995;Liu et al.,1995;Antal et al."2004;Liu and Chen,2007;Reddy et al.,2008;Wang     

哺乳动物细胞去核产物(胞质体及核体)的结构与功能研究

1967年Carter发现细胞松弛素可以诱发组织培养细胞的自发排核之后,Prescott(1972)借助细胞松弛素存在下的离心处理,使这一排核现象普遍化,从而确立了体外细胞去核的标准方法。经过不断改进(croce et al., 1974;Veomett et al., 1976;Lucas etal., 1976;Wigler et al., 1975),现在,这一技术已广泛应用于细胞学研究的各个重要领域(Mc Burney et al., 1979;Goldman et al., 1974;du Bols et al., 1980)。细胞去核技术及其应用的研究在我国已有初步开展(陈瑞铭等,1979;沈鼎武等,1980)。本实验对二种上皮型传代细胞系进行了去核手术,用扫描电镜和透射电镜对所获得的胞质体     

内蒙羊草草原群落光合速率日变化及其与环境条件之间相互关系的初步研究

群落光合生态的研究是植物物质生产研究的基础之一。通过群落光合速率及其与环境条件关系的研究,阐明制约光合的有关变量,就可以为估算植物的潜在生产力提供依据。为此进行群落光合特性以及与外界环境关系的研究,是群落光合生态研究中不可缺少的一个环节。 有关群落光合日变化及其与环境条件相互关系的研究已有不少报道(户刈义次,1979;Singh et al.,1980;Migasaka et al.,1978;权永忍,1980),但以作物方面的研究较为突出,而对天然群落的研究较少。 我们根据同化箱的气体交换法原理(群落光合研究的方法很多),试制了一台简易光合测定车。利用这个装置,于1981年7、8月间,对内蒙锡盟白音锡勒地区的羊草草原群落进行     

Resident endothelial cells generate hepatocytes through cell fusion in adult mouse liver

正Unravelling lineage plasticity and cellular contribution to hepatocytes provides valuable information for understanding sources that fuel homeostatic renewal of the liver(Miyajima et al.,2014).In the adult stage,hepatocytes are mainly self-renewed through cell division(Schaub et al.,2014;Tarlow et al.,2014;Yanger et al.,2014).Under severe injury or when hepatocyte proliferation is significantly impaired,cholangiocytes or biliary epithelial cells contribute to hepatocytes(Raven et al.,2017;Deng et al.,2018).It