On the Paleozoic bryozoans of the genus <Emphasis Type="Italic">Ascopora</Emphasis> Trautschold

Based on the study of the neotype and the astogeny of the type specimens of the species Ascopora nodosa (Fischer von Waldheim, 1837), the diagnosis and species composition of the genus Ascopora Trautschold, 1876 are emended. The genus Ascopora and three species out of the five included in this genus—A. nodosa (Fischer von Waldheim, 1837); A. sokolovae Schulga-Nesterenko, 1955; and A. latiaxis Schulga-Nesterenko, 1955—are described. A new genus, Tetrasella gen. nov., with the type species T. blanda sp. nov. is described. This genus comprises five species, transferred from the composition of the genus Ascopora. An emended diagnosis of the genus Ascoporella Krutchinina, 1986, is provided. This genus comprises nine species, of which two, A. lecta sp. nov. and A. mera sp. nov., are described as new species.     

Family coelotubuliporidae fam. nov. and morphological parallelisms in the evolution of bryozoans

Morphologically complex bryozoans from the Upper Devonian and Lower Carboniferous of Eurasia that some research workers include in the order Rhabdomesida and others place in the order Trepostomata are studied. The axial zooecium is demonstrated to be of zooidal nature. A new family, Coelotubuliporidae fam. nov., is established and its position in the order Trepostomata is substantiated. It includes two genera (one new), 11 species (1 new), and four subspecies. Diagnoses of a new family, Coelotubuliporidae, the genus Coelotubulipora Yang, Hu et Xia, 1988, and a new genus, Dunaevella Gorjunova gen. nov., are presented. The following species are described: Coelotubulipora irinae Gorjunova, sp. nov., Dunaevella shishovae (Schulga-Nesterenko, 1955), and D. peristomata (Schulga-Nesterenko, 1955). The emergence of axial zooecia in representatives of the order Trepostomata is considered as one of the evolutionary ways of bryozoans due to morphological parallelisms. It is shown that data presented on the stratigraphic range and paleogeography of the family Coelotubuliporidae are of great significance for solving the problems of biostratigraphy and correlation of deposits of the Upper Devonian and Lower Carboniferous of Eurasia.     

Morphogenesis,origin, and paleoecology of the bryozoans of the family Medvedkellidae fam. nov. (Upper Carboniferous,East European Platform)

A new family of the order Rhabdomesida, Medvedkellidae fam. nov., is described. This family consists of a new genus, Medvedkella gen. nov., comprising three species transferred from the genus Rhombopora Meek, 1872: the type species M. riasanensis (Schulga-Nesterenko, 1955), M. diaphragmata (Schulga-Nesterenko, 1955), and M. mariae (Dunaeva, 1961). The morphogenesis of the first two species is studied. For the first time axial zooecia are revealed in the suborder Golgdfussitrypina, which existed in parallel with the suborder Rhabdomesina of the order Rhabdomesida. A hypothesis that the new family evolved from the subfamily Nicklesoporinae Gorjunova, 1985 of the family Goldfussitrypidae, 1985 is proposed. Some questions of the ecological adaptation of these bryozoans in the Late Carboniferous marine basin of the East European Platform are discussed.     

A new genus <Emphasis Type="Italic">Acupipora</Emphasis> gen. nov. from the upper carboniferous of the East European platform and problem of classification of bryozoans of the order Fenestellida

The species composition of the bryozoan genus Paucipora Termier et Termier, 1971 is revised. A new species, Paucipora akishinensis sp. nov., and a new genus, Acupipora gen. nov., with the type species Polypora subborealis Schulga-Nesterenko, 1951, are described. The problems of classification of the order Fenestellida are discussed. Criteria for the division of the order into families and subfamilies are developed. The evolution of fenestellids is shown to proceed along the path of morphological differentiation of structural elements of colonies, polymerization of autozooecia, and formation of heterozooecia. It was accompanied by morphological parallelisms. A scheme of the phylogenetic relationships between the families and subfamilies of the order is presented.     

Neoboeckella loffleri (Copepoda: Calanoida), a new species and genus from Bolivian fresh waters

A new species and genus of freshwater calanoid, Neoboeckella loffleri, is described from shallow, high-altitude waters. N. kinzeli (Löffler), 1955, is also included in the new genus. Neoboeckella, like Hemiboeckella Sars from Australia, is characterized inter alia by an exceptionally high degree of sexual dimorphism in size.     

Empruthotrema kearni n. sp. and observations on Thaumatocotyle pseudodasybatis Hargis, 1955 (Monogenea: Monocotylidae) from the nasal fossae of Aetobatus narinari (Batiformes: Myliobatidae) from Moreton Bay,Queensland

Empruthotrema kearni n. sp. and Thaumatocotyle pseudodasybatis Hargis, 1955 (Monogenea: Monocotylidae) are reported from the nasal fossae of the spotted eagle ray, Aetobatus narinari Euphrasen, 1790, from Moreton Bay, Queensland, Australia. The discovery of E. kearni n. sp. is the first record of this genus from the Myliobatidae and a new geographical record for the genus. A comparison of T. pseudodasybatis from Florida, USA and from Queensland, Australia revealed morphometrical and microhabitat differences. The discovery of T. pseudodasybatis in Australian waters is a new geographical record for this species.     

A review of the tribe Phanerotomini (Hymenoptera,Braconidae, Cheloninae) in Turkey,with a new host record for <Emphasis Type="Italic">Phanerotoma</Emphasis> (<Emphasis Type="Italic">Bracotritoma</Emphasis>) <Emphasis Type="Italic">permixtellae</Emphasis>

In this study, the Phanerotomini of Turkey collected between July 1959 and July 2004, are listed. A total of thirteen Phanerotomini species were determined, and six of these are reported for the first time from Turkey. Phanerotoma (Bracotritoma) permixtellae Fischer, 1968 was reared from a new natural host Recurvaria pistaciicola (Danilevskii, 1955) (Lepidoptera: Gelechiidae). With this present study an illustrated identification key for the Phanerotomini of Turkey is given. The distribution of the Phanerotomini species is discussed according to the phytogeographical provinces of Turkey.     

New cretaceous radiolarian species of the genus <Emphasis Type="Italic">Afens</Emphasis> Riedel et Sanfilippo

Diverse radiolarians from the Upper Cretaceous Perapedhi and Moni formations (southern Cyprus) are studied. Many representatives of the genus Afens Riedel et Sanfilippo, 1974 are recognized. The diagnosis of the genus Afens is emended and three new species of this genus, Afens perapediensis sp. nov., Afens moniensis sp. nov., and Afens concinnus sp. nov., are described. In addition, the species Afens liriodes Riedel et Sanfilippo, 1974 is redescribed.     

A new species of <Emphasis Type="Italic">Brasiliomyces</Emphasis> (Erysiphaceae) on <Emphasis Type="Italic">Dalbergia cultrata</Emphasis> var. <Emphasis Type="Italic">cultrata</Emphasis> from Thailand

A powdery mildew fungus on leaves of Dalbergia cultrata var. cultrata (Fabaceae) collected at the Queen Sirikit Botanical Garden in northern Thailand is proven to be a new species of the genus Brasiliomyces and is described as B. chiangmaiensis sp. nov. with light and SEM micrographs. Differences in known Brasiliomyces species are discussed, and a key to species of this genus is provided.     

A revision of the neotropical genus ischioscia verhoeff,with descriptions of four new species (isopoda,philosciidae)

A revision of the species of the Proischioscia‐Ischioscia‐group revealed the necessity to synony‐mize the genus Proischioscia Vandel, 1968 with Ischioscia Verhoeff, 1928. The following previously described species are accepted and included in the genus Ischioscia: Ischioscia lobifera Verhoeff, 1928,Ischioscia amazónica Lemos de Castro, 1955, Proischioscia andina Vandel, 1968, Ischioscia bolivari Vandel, 1968, and Proischioscia sturmi Vandel, 1972. Four new species are described: I. stenocarpa, I. hanagarthi and I. longicauda from Peru, and I. irmleri from Brazil. An analysis of the generic and specific characters is given from a viewpoint of phylogenetic systematics.     

Redescription de Agfa flexilis (Nematoda: Agfidae) parasite de l'appareil génital de Limax cinereoniger (Gastropoda: Limacidae)

L'espèce-type du genre Agfa Dougherty, 1977, A. flexilis (Dujardin, 1845), parasite de la limace Limax cinereoniger Wolf, 1803, est redécrite à partir d'un matériel nouveau. La validité de la famille des Agfidae Dougherty, 1955 est confirmée. Par contre, il semble que les Myolaimina Inglis, 1983 forment un groupe d'espèces dont les affinités sont douteuses.The type-species of the genus Agfa Dougherty, 1955, Agfa flexilis (Dujardin, 1845), a parasite of the slug Limax cinereoniger, is redescribed from new material. The validity of the family Agfidae Dougherty, 1955 is confirmed. Nevertheless, it seems that the Myolaimina Inglis, 1983 form a species assemblage of doubtful affinities.     

A find of the juvenile of a rare lumpfish species <Emphasis Type="Italic">Georgimarinus barbatus</Emphasis> (Lindberg et Legeza, 1955) (Cottoidei: Cyclopteridae) off the southern end of the Paramushir Island,Kuril Islands

A juvenile specimen of the papillose lumpsucker Georgimarinus barbatus (Lindberg et Legeza, 1955) is first described and collated with juveniles of species of the close related genus Eumicrotremus.     

Description of males of <Emphasis Type="Italic">Prosimulium candicans</Emphasis> Rubzov, 1956 (Diptera: Simuliidae)

Previously unknown males of Prosimulium candicans are described. Belonging of this species to the genus Prosimulium Roubaud, 1906, but not to the genus Taeniopterna Enderlein, 1925, is confirmed.     

New data on the genus <Emphasis Type="Italic">Praeglyphioceras</Emphasis> (Praeglyphioceratidae,Ammonoidea)

The history of the taxonomy and classification of the Famennian genus Praeglyphioceras Wedekind, 1908 and the family Praeglyphioceratidae are discussed. The sutural ontogeny of this genus, which is examined for the first time for two species of the genus, supports the high taxonomic rank of praeglyphioceratids. This family is mostly related to primitive Prionoceratoidea. A new species, Praeglyphioceras korobkovi sp. nov., is described from the delphinus Zone (Prolobites-Platyclymenia Genozone) of the Aktyubinsk Region of Kazakhstan.     

Phylogeny and phylogeography of the Mediterranean species of the parasitic ant genus <Emphasis Type="Italic">Chalepoxenus</Emphasis> and its <Emphasis Type="Italic">Temnothorax</Emphasis> hosts

We analysed the phylogenetic and phylogeographic relationships of four Mediterranean species of the rare slave-making ant genus Chalepoxenus and eleven of its about 20 Temnothorax host species by sequencing the mitochondrial Cytochrome Oxidase I and II genes. Neighbour-Joining, Maximum Parsimony and Bayesian analyses based on 1320 bp indicate that the genus Chalepoxenus constitutes a monophylum. In all three analyses, C. kutteri from Southwest Europe and the workerless, “degenerate slavemaker” C. brunneus from North Africa form a monophyletic group. C. muellerianus and C. tauricus, distributed in Southern Europe and Ukraine, respectively, form a monophylum in the Neighbour-Joining and the Maximum Parsimony analysis. In our limited set of only 11 of several hundred Temnothorax species, T. flavicornis forms the sister group of Chalepoxenus. Our study further indicates paraphyly of the genus Temnothorax with respect to Chalepoxenus. Moreover, the results suggest that speciation in this slave-making genus is possibly caused by the formation of host races as different Chalepoxenus species use different hosts, and some samples seem to cluster by host species rather than by geographical distance. Received 5 September 2006; revised 17 March 2007; accepted 23 March 2007.     

Out of Alaska: morphological diversity within the genus <Emphasis Type="Italic">Eurytemora</Emphasis> from its ancestral Alaskan range (Crustacea,Copepoda)

The copepod genus Eurytemora occupies a wide range of habitat types throughout the Northern Hemisphere, with among the broadest salinity ranges of any known copepod. The epicenter of diversity for this genus lies along coastal Alaska, where several species are endemic. Systematic analysis has been difficult, however, because of a tendency toward morphological stasis in this genus, despite large genetic divergences among populations and species. The goals of this study were to (1) analyze patterns of morphological variation and divergence within this genus, focusing on Eurytemora species that occur in North America, and (2) determine patterns of geographic and salinity distribution of Eurytemora species within the ancestral range in Alaska. We applied a comparative multivariate morphological analysis using 16–26 characters from 125 specimens from 20 newly collected sites in Alaska and 15 existing samples predominantly from North America. Results from principal component and hierarchical cluster analyses identified seven distinct morphological species of Eurytemora in North America (E. affinis, E. americana, E. canadensis, E. composita, E. herdmani, E. pacifica, and E. raboti), and identified diagnostic characters that distinguish the species (forming the basis for a new identification key). Several previously named species were regarded as synonyms. The sites we sampled in Alaska were remarkable in the high levels of sympatry of Eurytemora species, to a degree not seen outside of Alaska. Future studies of Eurytemora should shed light on patterns of habitat invasions and physiological evolution within the genus, and yield insights into mechanisms leading to its remarkably broad geographic and habitat range.