碱性成纤维细胞生长因子增加大鼠血管一氧化氮及内皮素的生成

研究碱性成纤维细胞生长因子（ｂａｓｉｃ ｆｉｂｒｏｂｌａｓｔ ｇｒｏｗｔｈ ｆａｃｔｏｒ,ｂＦＧＦ）对自发性高血压大鼠（ＳＨＲ）和ＷＫＹ大鼠血管一氧化氮（ＮＯ）及内皮素生成的影响。取ＳＨＲ和ＷＫＹ大鼠主动脉制成血管薄片,以１０、１００ｎｇ／ｍｌ ｂＦＧＦ（终浓度）分别孵育６ｈ,测定血管组织中一氧化氮合酶（ＮＯＳ）活性及孵育液中亚哨酸盐（ＮＯ２）和内皮素含量。结果显示：ＳＨＲ主动脉组织ＮＯＳ活性较Ｗ     

血管外膜成纤维细胞诱导BMSCs向平滑肌细胞定向分化

观察大鼠骨髓间充质干细胞(bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells,BMSCs)与血管外膜成纤维细胞(ad-ventitial fibroblasts,AF)直接接触培养后,BMSCs向血管成分细胞分化的情况.将BMSCs(DAPI标记)与外膜成纤维细胞按一定的比例混合培养7 d,BMSCs单独培养作对照,显微镜下观察细胞形态变化;用免疫荧光染色检测BMSCs的血管平滑肌细胞表型标志物肌动蛋白(SMα-actin)表达的情况;RT-PCR检测SMα-actin mRNA表达的情况.BMSCs与血管外膜成纤维细胞共培养后可见细胞核蓝染的BMSCs与SMα-actin表达阳性(红色)的双标细胞出现,且随培养时间的延长,BMSCs的SMα-actin表达阳性率增高.结果可见:与血管外膜成纤维细胞直接接触有诱导BMSCs向血管平滑肌细胞分化的趋势.     

RhoA-Rho激酶信号转导通路参与TGF-β1诱导的血管外膜成纤维细胞表型转化为肌成纤维细胞(英文)

血管外膜成纤维细胞表型转化为肌成纤维细胞是血管重塑的重要病理特征。本研究旨在探讨小分子G蛋白RhoA及其下游Rho激酶信号通路在转化生长因子β1(transforming growth factor β1,TGF-β1)诱导的血管外膜成纤维细胞/肌成纤维细胞表型转化中的作用。用10ng/mLTGF-β1诱导体外培养的大鼠胸主动脉外膜成纤维细胞表型转化为肌成纤维细胞,使用亲和沉淀法检测RhoA活性、使用免疫印迹检测RhoA、Rho激酶蛋白表达和Rho激酶活性;使用免疫印迹和免疫细胞化学检测肌成纤维细胞标记蛋白的表达。结果显示,TGF-β1上调体外培养的血管外膜成纤维细胞RhoA蛋白表达和RhoA活性。TGF-β1增加Rho激酶下游底物肌球蛋白磷酸酶目标亚单位的磷酸化,但不改变Rho激酶的蛋白表达,提示TGF-β1增加Rho激酶活性。腺病毒Ad-N19RhoA-hrGFP感染和Rho激酶特异性抑制剂Y27632都呈剂量依赖性地抑制TGF-β1诱导的肌成纤维细胞标记分子α平滑肌肌动蛋白和钙结合蛋白Calponin的蛋白表达。本研究证明RhoA-Rho激酶信号通路参与了TGF-β1诱导的血管外膜成纤维细胞/肌成纤维细胞表型转化。     

血管外膜肌成纤维细胞分化的基因表达谱

我们以往的研究表明,TGF-β1可以诱导血管外膜成纤维细胞（adventitial fibroblasts,AFs）向肌成纤维细胞（myofibroblasts,MFs）分化。为寻找可能涉及MF分化的基因,本实验采用寡核苷酸芯片技术动态检测细胞表型转化过程中基因表达的变化,实时定量RT-PCR验证芯片结果。在芯片上的15866条总探针组中,2121个探针组在TGF-β1刺激后至少一个时间点的表达发生2倍以上变化,其中l318个基因表达上调,761个基因表达下调,还有少数基因（42个）在不同的时间点既有上调又有下调表达。在1231个已知功能基因中,分泌磷蛋白l（secreted phosphoprotein1．APP1）、Rhoassociated coiled-coil forming kinase2（ROCK2）的表达趋势与标志基因α-平滑肌肌动蛋白（α-SM-actin）的表达趋势相同,TGF-D1诱导MF分化过程中上调了电压门控性钾通道Shal家族成员2（potassium voltage-gated channel,Shal-related family and member2,KCND2）的表达,这些基因参与了MF的分化;此外,还发现内皮素1（endothelin 1,EDN1）、补体成分、NADPH氧化酶4（NADPH oxidase 4,NOX4）和NAD（P）H dehydrogenase,quinone 1 （NQO1）可能参与了MF分化。本实验用寡核苷酸芯片技术验证了通过其它技术证实的同MF分化相关的基因,并发现了新的涉及该过程的基因,基因表达谱研究有利于鉴定参与细胞分化的基因和通路。     

载脂蛋白E基因敲除小鼠血管外膜成纤维细胞G蛋白信号调节因子3,5的表达变化

目的:检测载脂蛋白E基因敲除小鼠(apoE(-/-))血管外膜成纤维细胞中G蛋白信号调节因子(regulator of G protein signaling,RGS)3,5的变化,探讨其在动脉粥样硬化发病中的作用.方法:体外培养高脂喂养2周的apoE(-/-)小鼠和C57BL/6小鼠动脉外膜成纤维细胞,利用基因芯片技术分析RGS3,RGS5mRNA的变化,通过RT-PCR进一步验证.结果:基因芯片数据分析显示,apoE(-/-)小鼠成纤维细胞中RGS3表达下调,与C57BL/6小鼠比值为0.46.RGS5表达上调,与C57BL/6小鼠比值为2.25.RT-PCR结果显示apoE(-/-)小鼠成纤维细胞RGS3mRNA水平低于对照组小鼠(比值为0.78),RGS5mRNA水平高于对照组小鼠(比值为2.34),与基因芯片检测结果相比,变化方向一致.结论:apoE(-/-)小鼠血管外膜成纤维细胞中选择性RGS3降低和RGS5升高可能与外膜成纤维细胞的激活密切相关,从而参与了动脉粥样硬化的发生与发展,RGS有可能成为动脉粥样硬化药物治疗及基因治疗的新靶点.     

自发性高血压大鼠血管平滑肌及心肌内成纤维细胞生长特性的研究

目的　探讨自发性高血压大鼠(spontaneously hypertensive rats, SHR)主动脉平滑肌细胞(aorta smooth muscle cell, ASMC)与心肌内成纤维细胞(cardiac fibroblast, CFB)在体外培养生长的特性。方法　16周龄自发性高血压大鼠(SHR)和正常大鼠(WKY)测血压后处死,取心脏与胸主动脉,组织块法分别培养CFB与ASMC)。分别观察(1)CFB     

miRNA-145通过下调ROCK1的表达抑制人牙周膜成纤维细胞的迁移

目的:研究微小核糖核酸-145(microRNA-145,miRNA-145)对人牙周膜成纤维细胞迁移的影响及其作用机制。方法:体外采用酶消化法培养人牙周膜成纤维细胞并传代,将其分为对照组和转染miRNA-145组,按50 ng/mL的miRNA-145浓度转染人牙周膜成纤维细胞,转染72 h后提取各组蛋白,用Western blot检测miRNA-145的靶蛋白ROCK1的表达水平的相关变化;采用划痕试验检测各组划痕细胞间距离的相关变化,选取划痕后的0 h、24 h、48 h、72 h时间点,测量各时间点划痕细胞间的距离并计算平均值。结果:与对照组相比,转染miRNA-145后,miRNA-145靶蛋白ROCK1的表达量显著降低(p0.05);转染24 h、48 h后细胞间距离的均值大于对照组(p0.05)。结论:miRNA-145可能通过下调ROCK1的表达抑制人牙周膜成纤维细胞的迁移。     

miR-24对心脏成纤维细胞生长和迁移的影响及机制研究

目的:探讨miR-24对心脏成纤维细胞的生长和迁移的影响及机制。方法:采用RT-PCR检测心肌细胞和心脏成纤维细胞中mi R-24的表达水平。在心脏成纤维细胞中转染mi R-24 mimics、mimics control、mi R-24 inhibitors、inhibitors control后,通过Western blot检测细胞中Col-1、α-SMA的表达,MTT检测细胞增殖情况,流式细胞仪检测细胞凋亡情况,Transwell小室检测细胞迁移能力。通过靶基因预测库预测mi R-24的靶基因,荧光素酶鉴定靶基因的正确性,并通过RT-PCR和Western blot检测转染后细胞中Furin的表达。结果:心脏成纤维细胞HEH2中mi R-24的表达水平与心肌细胞H9C2相比差异显著(P0.01),心脏成纤维细胞中mi R-24表达上调。mi R-24 mimics组中Col-1、α-SMA的表达水平明显低于mimics control组(P0.01)。mi R-24 mimics组中细胞OD值较mimics control组显著降低(P0.01),mi R-24 inhibitors组中细胞OD值较inhibitors control组显著升高(P0.01)。mi R-24 mimics组、mimics control组、mi R-24 inhibitors组、inhibitors control组细胞凋亡无显著性差异(P0.05)。mi R-24 mimics组细胞迁移数目明显低于mimics control组,差异显著(P0.01),mi R-24 inhibitors组细胞迁移数目高于inhibitors control组,差异显著(P0.05)。mi R-24 mimics组细胞中Furin蛋白和m RNA水平明显降低,野生型Furin和mi R-24 mimics共转染的细胞中荧光素酶活性最低。结论:mi R-24在心脏成纤维细胞中高表达,通过靶基因Furin抑制心脏成纤维细胞合成Col-1、α-SMA,抑制心脏成纤维细胞增殖和迁移。     

三磷酸腺苷对小鼠骨骼肌成纤维细胞NOR-10迁移作用及分子机制初步研究

目的:探讨三磷酸腺苷(ATP)对小鼠骨骼肌成纤维细胞的迁移作用及其可能机制。方法:细胞划痕实验检测1μM、10μM、100μMATP对NOR-10细胞愈合率的影响;细胞迁移小室实验检测空白对照组、100μM ATP组、30μM PPADS+100μM ATP组、100μM RB2+100μM ATP组细胞的迁移率。结果:细胞划痕实验及迁移实验表明高浓度ATP能够促进NOR-10细胞的迁移能力,100μM ATP促细胞迁移能力最强(P0.05),并且其促迁移作用能被30μM PPADS,100μM RB2所抑制(P0.05),但100μM RB2的抑制作用更强(P0.05)。结论:高浓度ATP(10μM)能够促进NOR-10细胞的迁移能力,并且其促迁移可能通过激活P2Y受体作用大于P2X受体。     

用差异显示PCR法筛选与血管外膜细胞表型转化相关的基因

为筛选血管外膜成纤维细胞（adventitial fibroblast,AF）与肌成纤维细胞（myofibroblast,MF）间表型转化有关的基因,实验建立了大鼠胸主动脉AF和MF两种细胞模型,用差异显示聚合酶链反应（DD－PCR）技术获得表达差异片段,对差异片段进行克隆和测序分析,并用定量PCR和Northern blot对差别显示结果进行验证。用反义核酸转染技术观察骨桥蛋白（osteopontin,OPN）对AF迁移的影响。结果表明,两种表型细胞存在明显的基因表达差异,其中一个在MF下调的差异片段与GenBank中NADH脱氢酶亚单位5（NADH dehydrogenase subunit 5,Nd5）基因高度同源。另一个在MF上调的差异片段与OPN基因同源。上述差异表达结果被定量PCR及Northern blot证实。此外还有4个表达序列标志（expressed sequence-tag,EST）在GenBank中未查到同源序列。反义OPN寡脱氧核甘酸可抑制AF的迁移活动。结果提示,AF转化为MF可能与ND5基因下调、OPN上调及其它未知基因的表达改变有关。应用反义技术适度抑制OPN表达在防治血管重塑中具有重要作用。     

Osteopontin is involved in urotensin II-induced migration of rat aortic adventitial fibroblasts

Recent studies suggest that both osteopontin and urotensin II (UII) play critical roles in vascular remodeling. We previously showed that UII could stimulate the migration of aortic adventitial fibroblasts. In this study, we examined whether osteopontin is involved in UII-induced migration of rat aortic adventitial fibroblasts and examined the effects and mechanisms of UII on osteopontin expression in adventitial fibroblasts. Migration of adventitial fibroblasts induced by UII could be inhibited significantly by osteopontin antisense oligonucleotide (P < 0.01) but not sense or mismatch oligonucleotides (P > 0.05). Moreover, UII dose- and time-dependently promoted osteopontin mRNA expression and protein secretion in the cells, with maximal effect at 10⁻⁸ mol/l at 3 h for mRNA expression or at 12 h for protein secretion (both P < 0.01). Furthermore, the UII effects were significantly inhibited by its receptor antagonist SB710411 (10⁻⁶ mol/l), and Ca²⁺ channel blocker nicardipine (10⁻⁵ mol/l), protein kinase C (PKC) inhibitor H7 (10⁻⁵ mol/l), calcineurin inhibitor cyclosporine A (10⁻⁵ mol/l), mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) inhibitor PD98059 (10⁻⁵ mol/l) and Rho kinase inhibitor Y-27632 (10⁻⁵ mol/l). Thus, osteopontin is involved in the UII-induced migration of adventitial fibroblasts, and UII could upregulate osteopontin gene expression and protein synthesis in rat aortic adventitial fibroblasts by activating its receptor and the Ca²⁺ channel, PKC, calcineurin, MAPK and Rho kinase signal transduction pathways.     

Osteopontin expression in coculture of differentiating rat fetal skeletal fibroblasts and myoblasts

Summary Skeletal fibroblasts in vitro can acquire myofibroblast phenotypes by the development of biochemical and morphological features, mainly the expression of alpha-smooth-muscle actin (α-SMA). Myogenic differentiation is a central event in skeletal muscle development, and has commonly been studied in vitro in the context of skeletal muscle development and regeneration. Controlling this process is a complex set of interactions between myoblasts and the extracellular matrix. Osteopontin (OPN) is an acidic, phosphorylated matrix protein that contains an Arg-Gly-Asp (RGD) cell attachment sequence and has been identified as an adhesive and migratory substrate for several cell types. The aim of this study was to investigate osteopontin expression during the differentiation of skeletal fibroblasts into myofibroblasts and during myogenesis in a coculture model. Fibroblasts and myoblasts were obtained from skeletal muscle of 18-d-old Wistar strain rat fetuses by enzymatic dissociation. At 1 and 9 d, cocultures were immunolabeled, and the cells were also separately subjected to Western blotting to analyze OPN expression. Our data using confocal microscopy showed that myoblasts displayed a strong staining for OPN and that this labeling was maintained after myotube differentiation. Conversely, during fibroblast differentiation into myofibroblasts, we observed a significant increase in OPN expression. The results obtained by immunolabeling were confirmed by Western blotting. We suggest that OPN is important mainly during early stages of myogenesis, facilitating myoblast fusion and differentiation, and that the increased expression of OPN in myofibroblasts might be related to its effects as a key cytokine regulating tissue repair and inflammation.     

黄芪对高血压大鼠血管重构中内质网应激反应的影响

目的研究黄芪对高血压大鼠血管重构中内质网应激反应(ERS)的影响,并探讨其血管保护的分子机制。方法将140只大鼠分为对照组、模型组、干预组。采用腹主动脉狭窄术建立高血压大鼠模型,干预组大鼠腹腔注射黄芪注射液8 g/(kg·d)。各组术后1、2、4、6周时采用鼠尾动脉测压法测量大鼠血压,测量血管肌层厚度、Western blot检测CRT和caspase-12的表达、TUNEL法检测血管平滑肌细胞(VSMC)凋亡率。结果模型组术后VSMC形态改变,血压、动脉血管壁肌层厚度和VSMC凋亡率可时间依赖性增大,ERS分子CRT在术后1、2周表达显著升高,4、6周表达降低,而caspase-12分子2周以后表达才升高,且随时间推迟,这种高表达越显著。黄芪干预对比模型组,VSMC形态有一定改善,血压、血管壁肌层厚度和VSMC凋亡率均显著降低,6周时降低幅度最大,同时黄芪能抑制CRT的早期高表达,能抑制caspase-12的高表达,这种抑制作用随着时间的推迟越明显。结论黄芪对高血压大鼠有一定降压作用,可改善血管重构,其机制可能与其调节ERS保护性和促凋亡因子有关。     

Extraordinarily rapid proliferation of cultured muscle satellite cells from migratory birds

Migratory birds experience bouts of muscle growth and depletion as they prepare for, and undertake prolonged flight. Our studies of migratory bird muscle physiology in vitro led to the discovery that sanderling (Calidris alba) muscle satellite cells proliferate more rapidly than other normal cell lines. Here we determined the proliferation rate of muscle satellite cells isolated from five migratory species (sanderling; ruff, Calidris pugnax; western sandpiper, Calidris mauri; yellow-rumped warbler, Setophaga coronata; Swainson''s thrush, Catharus ustulatus) from two families (shorebirds and songbirds) and with different migratory strategies. Ruff and sanderling satellite cells exhibited rapid proliferation, with population doubling times of 9.3 ± 1.3 and 11.4 ± 2 h, whereas the remaining species'' cell doubling times were greater than or equal to 24 h. The results indicate that the rapid proliferation of satellite cells is not associated with total migration distance but may be related to flight bout duration and interact with lifespan.     

乙肝病毒X蛋白通过骨桥蛋白OPN促进肝癌细胞迁移

乙型肝炎病毒(HBV)感染与肝细胞癌(HCC)的发生具有十分密切的关系,乙肝病毒X蛋白(HBx)对HCC的发生和转移具有重要的作用.研究发现,骨桥蛋白(OPN)在许多肿瘤及其转移组织中高表达,与肿瘤转移密切相关.为了进一步阐明HBx在肝癌细胞迁移中的作用及其分子机制,以稳定表达HBx的肝癌细胞H7402-X为模型探讨了HBx与OPN的关系.结果发现,HBx可激活OPN启动子转录活性和上调OPN的mRNA表达."体外划痕"实验结果显示,HBx与肝癌细胞的迁移能力呈正相关.通过RNA干扰下调OPN的表达可抑制H7402-X细胞的迁移能力.本研究发现,HBx通过上调OPN的表达促进肝癌细胞迁移,对揭示肝癌转移的分子机制具有重要意义.     

Incidence of multinucleated and polyploid aortic smooth muscle cells cultured from different age groups of spontaneously hypertensive rats.

Cell size and incidence of multinucleated, polyploid cells in cultured aortic smooth muscle cells from different age groups of spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHR) and normotensive Wistar-Kyoto rats (WKY) were compared. Smooth muscle cells from SHR were generally larger than those from WKY, and the percentage of multinucleated smooth muscle cells was always higher in SHR than WKY in the three age groups of rats studied (3-4, 10-12, and 28-30 weeks). In smooth muscle cells from the 3- to 4-week group, there was a positive correlation between cell diameter and the percentage of multinucleated smooth muscle cells. Microdensitometric measurements also showed that the incidence of polyploid smooth muscle cells was always higher in SHR than WKY in the three age groups. There was a positive correlation between DNA density and nuclear area measurements in all the age groups of SHR and WKY. We conclude that cultured aortic smooth muscle cells from different age groups of SHR and WKY contained heterogeneous populations of cells and that, under our culture conditions, the polyploidy of the smooth muscle cells found in vivo was maintained in the SHR and WKY.     

Antihypertensive effect of low ethanol intake in spontaneously hypertensive rats

Light to moderate drinking in humans lowers the risk of coronary heart disease and may lower blood pressure. We examined the effect of chronic low daily alcohol consumption on blood pressure, platelet cytosolic free calcium [Ca²⁺]_i, tissue aldehyde conjugates and renal vascular changes in normotensive Wistar-Kyoto (WKY) and spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHR). We also examined the effects of the same weekly amount of alcohol consumption over a one day period each week simulating weekend drinking in humans. Animals, age 7 weeks, were divided into six groups of six animals each and were treated as follows: WKY and SHR control, normal drinking water; WKY and SHR, 0.5% ethanol in drinking water; WKY and SHR, 3.5% ethanol in drinking water one day/week. After 14 weeks systolic blood pressure, platelet [Ca²⁺]_i, liver, kidney and aortic aldehyde conjugates were significantly higher (p < 0.05) in untreated SHRs as compared to untreated WKYs. Daily 0.5% ethanol consumption in SHRs significantly (p < 0.05) attenuated these changes and also attenuated smooth muscle cell hyperplasia and narrowing of the lumen in small arteries and arterioles of the kidney. WKY rats treated with 0.5% ethanol had lower aldehyde conjugates without any significant effect on blood pressure and platelet [Ca²⁺]_i as compared to WKY controls. Consumption of 3.5% ethanol one day/week did not affect blood pressure and associated changes in normotensive WKY rats or hypertensive SHRs as compared to their respective controls. These results suggest that chronic daily low ethanol intake lowers blood pressure in SHRs by lowering tissue aldehyde conjugates and cytosolic free calcium.     

心钠素表达细胞移植降低高血压大鼠的血压和增加其尿量

为探讨心钠素基因转移治疗高血压和慢性心肾功能衰竭等慢性疾病的潜力,首先利用逆转录病毒载体获得可表达和分泌人心钠素的遗传工程细胞,然后将这种细胞植于自发性高血压大鼠SHR的皮下。结果发现,人心钠素遗传工程细胞的移植可使动物血浆中的心钠素浓度在移植后第7天时明显升高。在整个实验期间,虽然实验组动物的血压会随个体发育而逐渐升高,但在实验开始后的42 d内却始终明显低于空载体组,其中第14天血压的差异高达33 mm Hg。在实验开始后的第14天和第21天,实验组动物的尿量也明显增加。以上结果说明,人心钠素遗传工程细胞的皮下移植可明显抑制SHR大鼠血压的上升趋势和改善其泌尿功能,提示该方法具有治疗高血压和慢性心肾功能衰竭等慢性疾病的潜力。     

Fatty acid composition of brain hemispheres of spontaneously hypertensive rats suckled by female Wistar rats

Total lipid fatty acid composition was investigated in brain hemispheres of male Spontaneously Hypertensive Rats (SHR), compared with normotensive Wistar Kyoto rats (WKY) used as controls. Both strains were suckled by adoptive Wistar mothers, and then fed a standard diet after weaning. No difference was observed between the two hemispheres of WKY killed either at 10 or 30 days. In SHR killed at 10 days, the two hemispheres showed differences, SHR left hemispheres exhibiting greater fatty acid composition changes than those of WKY, phenomenon that toned down at 30 days. Hence, SHR pups showed a different total lipid fatty acid composition of their brain hemispheres when compared with their WKY controls, though the two strains received the same diet. Genetically programmed hypertension might be, directly or not, involved in these changes.     

Prostacyclin-induced contraction of isolated aortic strips from normal and spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHR)

Prostacyclin (PGl₂) (500-5,000 ng/ml) produced a concentration-dependent increase in contractile tension of isolated thoracic aortic strips (AS) from normotensive (WKY) and spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHR). No significant differences were noted between this response to PGl₂ in these two groups. Lower concentrations of PGl₂ (10 pg/ml — 100 ng/ml) caused neither contraction nor relaxation of agonist-contracted tissue. PGl₂ (500-5,000 ng/ml) did not relax KCl or methoxamine contracted AS. In concentrations above 100 ng/ml, PGl₂ caused a further increase in tension in KCl-depolarized preparations. The constrictor effect of PGl₂ on AS was attenuated by verapamil pretreatment or removal of extracellular Ca⁺⁺ from the physiological buffer. This inhibitory effect of Ca⁺⁺ deficiency on the PGl₂ response was significantly greater in AS from SHR compared to WKY tissue. The stable metabolite of PGl₂, 6-keto PGF_1a, caused a weak constrictor effect (40% of KCl reference contraction) over the concentration range 1,000–5,000 ng/ml. Contraction induced by PGl₂ was not prevented by pretreatment with antagonists of adrenergic, histamine, serotonin or cholinergic receptors. The contraction response of the rat AS to PGl₂ is similar to that reported for porcine coronary artery and rabbit aortic tissues in vitro.