共查询到18条相似文献,搜索用时 62 毫秒
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抗菌肽是一类小分子肽,具有广谱的抗菌活性。以往对抗菌肽抗菌机制的研究主要集中在细菌细胞膜的作用上,包含"桶板"模型、"毯式"模型,"环形孔"模型和"凝聚"模型。近年来相继发现某些抗菌肽可以作用于细菌细胞内部,与核酸物质结合,阻断DNA复制、RNA合成;影响蛋白质合成;抑制隔膜、细胞壁合成,阻碍细胞分裂;抑制胞内酶的活性。本文从胞内机制和胞外机制两个角度对抗菌肽的抗菌机制进行综述,以期阐明各类抗菌肽的作用机制,为进一步研究菌株耐药性、杀菌效果及其杀菌机制提供科学根据。 相似文献
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抗菌肽广谱、高特异、高生物活性等特点决定其具极大的临床应用潜力,然而抗菌肽的耐受是其药物开发必须重视和亟待克服的问题。从生物学的观点看,部分细菌可以产生抗菌肽,其必定存在逃避自身抗菌肽作用的机制;从进化的观点看,宿主和病原体之间是相互抑制、相互逃避、相互适应的关系,细菌在漫长的进化中会形成应对抗菌肽的特殊机制。抗菌肽对细菌存在多种作用机制,其核心是依赖于与细胞膜相互作用或进入细胞,进而改变膜完整性或干扰胞内生理生化反应导致细菌死亡;而细菌通过减弱抗菌肽结合、降低抗菌肽有效浓度等方式产生对抗菌肽的耐受。这些耐受机制也为抗菌肽类药物开发提供重要的启示。 相似文献
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生物膜,也称为生物被膜,是指附着于有生命或无生命物体表面被细菌胞外大分子包裹的有组织的细菌群体。与浮游菌相比,生物膜内的细菌对抗生素的耐受性提高了10–1000倍,是造成目前细菌耐药的主要原因之一。作为一种新型抗菌制剂,抗菌肽的使用为生物膜感染的治疗提供了一种新的思路和手段。抗菌肽在抑制生物膜形成、杀灭生物膜内细菌以及消除成熟生物膜的过程中发挥了独特的优势。文中分析了近30年的数据,从细菌生物膜的结构入手,对抗菌肽可能的抗生物膜机理进行了综述,以期为抗菌肽临床治疗生物膜感染提供一定参考。 相似文献
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A. Yu. Khrushchev I. A. Kashparov L. V. Klimenko Yu. V. Mitin 《Russian Journal of Bioorganic Chemistry》2007,33(6):544-548
Branched peptides E(RLAR)2, E[E(RLAR)2]2, and E(KLAR)2, E[E(KLAR)2]2 were synthesized on the basis of tetrapeptides RLAR and KLAR and glutamic acid bis(pentafluorophenyl) ester. Their minimal antimicrobial concentrations were shown to decrease along with increase in branching, achieving 12 μM for Escherichia coli cells, which is comparable to antimicrobial activities of temporin, magainin, and dermaseptin. The branched peptides were found not to act on human erythrocytes. 相似文献
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Bacterial resistance to antimicrobial peptides 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
Antimicrobial peptides (AMPs) or host defense peptides (HDPs) are vital components of human innate defense system targeting human‐related bacteria. Many bacteria have various mechanisms interfering with AMP activity, causing resistance to AMPs. Since AMPs are considered as potential novel antimicrobial drugs, understanding the mechanisms of bacterial resistance to direct killing of AMPs is of great significance. In this review, a comparative overview of bacterial strategies for resistance to direct killing of various AMPs is presented. Such strategies include bacterial cell envelope modification, AMP degradation, sequestration, expelling, and capsule. 相似文献
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《Microbes and infection / Institut Pasteur》2015,17(6):402-408
Chlamydia trachomatis infection in the lower genital tract, if untreated, can ascend to the upper genital tract, potentially leading to complications such as tubal factor infertility. The ascension involves cell-to-cell spreading, which may require C. trachomatis organisms to overcome mucosal extracellular effectors such as antimicrobial peptides. We found that among the 8 antimicrobial peptides tested, the cathelicidin LL-37 that is produced by both urogenital epithelial cells and the recruited neutrophils possessed a most potent antichlamydial activity. Interestingly, this antichlamydial activity was completely inhibited by CPAF, a C. trachomatis-secreted serine protease. The inhibition was dependent on CPAF's proteolytic activity. CPAF selectively degraded LL-37 and other antimicrobial peptides with an antichlamydial activity. CPAF is known to secrete into and accumulate in the infected host cell cytoplasm at the late stage of chlamydial intracellular growth and may be released to confront the extracellular antimicrobial peptides before the intra-inclusion organisms are exposed to extracellular environments during host cell lysis and chlamydial spreading. Thus, the finding that CPAF selectively targets host antimicrobial peptides that possess antichlamydial activities for proteolysis suggests that CPAF may contribute to C. trachomatis pathogenicity by aiding in ascending infection. 相似文献
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José-Luis Velasco-Bolom Gerardo Corzo 《Journal of biomolecular structure & dynamics》2018,36(8):2070-2084
Pandinin 2 (Pin2) is an alpha-helical polycationic peptide, identified and characterized from venom of the African scorpion Pandinus imperator with high antimicrobial activity against Gram-positive bacteria and less active against Gram-negative bacteria, however it has demonstrated strong hemolytic activity against sheep red blood cells. In the chemically synthesized Pin2GVG analog, the GVG motif grants it low hemolytic activity while keeping its antimicrobial activity. In this work, we performed 12 μs all-atom molecular dynamics simulation of the antimicrobial peptides (AMPs) Pin2 and Pin2GVG to explore their adsorption mechanism and the role of their constituent amino acid residues when interacting with pure POPC and pure POPG membrane bilayers. Starting from an α-helical conformation, both AMPs are attracted at different rates to the POPC and POPG bilayer surfaces due to the electrostatic interaction between the positively charged amino acid residues and the charged moieties of the membranes. Since POPG is an anionic membrane, the PAMs adhesion is stronger to the POPG membrane than to the POPC membrane and they are stabilized more rapidly. This study reveals that, before the insertion begins, Pin2 and Pin2GVG remained partially folded in the POPC surface during the first 300 and 600 ns, respectively, while they are mostly unfolded in the POPG surface during most of the simulation time. The unfolded structures provide for a large number of intermolecular hydrogen bonds and stronger electrostatic interactions with the POPG surface. The results show that the aromatic residues at the N-terminus of Pin2 initiate the insertion process in both POPC and POPG bilayers. As for Pin2GVG in POPC the C-terminus residues seem to initiate the insertion process while in POPG this process seems to be slowed down due to a strong electrostatic attraction. The membrane conformational effects upon PAMs binding are measured in terms of the area per lipid and the contact surface area. Several replicas of the systems lead to the same observations. 相似文献
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细菌感染已成为威胁人类健康的重要公共卫生问题之一,而抗生素的滥用又加快了细菌耐药性的进程。抗菌肽因其广谱抗菌活性、快速杀菌作用、低毒性和不易产生耐药性等特点受到了广泛关注。然而,抗菌肽的天然结构也预示了其应用存在一些限制,如易降解、不稳定、低渗透和高成本等。如何改良抗菌肽仍是需要解决的难题。本文从抗菌肽的来源和结构特征出发,分析了与抗菌相关的空间结构及其所对应的抗菌机制,总结了现有抗菌肽的改良策略,为寻求新型改良方案奠定基础。希望为今后抗菌肽的改造与临床应用提供新的思路和方向。 相似文献