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1.
A Study of Cultural Bias in Field Guide Determinations of Mushroom Edibility Using the Iconic Mushroom,
Amanita muscaria
, as an Example. Mushroom field guides teach identification skills as well as provide information on the edible or toxic qualities of each
species of wild mushroom. As such they function as modern-day village elders for an increasingly urban, nature-ignorant population.
This paper identifies underlying cultural bias in the determination of mushroom edibility in English-language field guides,
using the iconic mushroom, Amanita muscaria, as an example. We explore a selection of ethnographic and medical texts that report the use of A. muscaria as a food, and we accept parboiling as a safe method of detoxifying it for the dinner table. Mushroom field guides, however,
almost universally label the mushroom as poisonous. We discuss the cultural underpinnings and literary form of mushroom field
guides and demonstrate that they work within a mostly closed intellectual system that ironically shares many of the same limitations
of cultural bias found in traditional folk cultures, but with the pretense of being modern and scientific.
An erratum to this article can be found at 相似文献
2.
Mushroom nutriceuticals 总被引:4,自引:0,他引:4
There has been a recent upsurge of interest in mushrooms as a source of biological active compounds of medicinal value including anti-cancer, anti-viral, immunopotentiating, hypocholesterolaemic and hepatoprotective agents. This new class of compounds, termed mushroom nutriceuticals, are extractable from either the fungal mycelium or fruiting body and represent an important component of the expanding mushroom biotechnology industry.The authors are with the Department of Biology, and the Centre for International Services to Mushroom Biotechnology. The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, New Territories, Hong Kong 相似文献
3.
《菌物研究》2015,(2):60+129
<正>24-27 August,2015 Manizales,Colombia The 8th International Medicinal Mushroom Conference(IMMC8)will be held in Manizales,Colombia,24-27 August 2015.Sientists and students,mycologists,medical doctors,immunologists,contagious disease specialists,naturopaths,biochemists,and all those who are interested in studying and discussing the most current research on medicinal mushrooms and their properties will be invited. 相似文献
4.
RNA binding proteins assemble on mRNAs to control every single step of their life cycle, from nuclear splicing to cytoplasmic localization, stabilization or translation. Consistent with an essential role of RNA binding proteins in neuronal maturation and function, mutations in this class of proteins, in particular in members of the hnRNP family, have been associated with neurological diseases. To date, however, the physiological function of hnRNPs during in vivo neuronal development has remained poorly explored. Here, we have investigated the role of Drosophila Hrp48, a fly homologue of mammalian hnRNP A2/B1, during central nervous system development. Using a combination of mutant conditions, we showed that hrp48 is required for the formation, growth and guidance of axonal branches in Mushroom Body neurons. Furthermore, our results revealed that hrp48 inactivation induces an overextension of Mushroom Body dorsal axonal branches, with a significantly higher penetrance in females than in males. Finally, as demonstrated by immunolocalization studies, Hrp48 is confined to Mushroom Body neuron cell bodies, where it accumulates in the cytoplasm from larval stages to adulthood. Altogether, our data provide evidence for a crucial in vivo role of the hnRNP Hrp48 in multiple aspects of axon guidance and branching during nervous system development. They also indicate cryptic sex differences in the development of sexually non-dimorphic neuronal structures. 相似文献
5.
Money NP 《BioEssays : news and reviews in molecular, cellular and developmental biology》2002,24(10):949-952
Contrary to the rarity of totipotent cells in animals, almost every cell formed by a fungus can function as a "stem cell". The multicellular fruiting bodies of basidiomycete fungi consist of the same kind of filamentous hyphae that form the feeding phase, or mycelium, of the organism, and visible cellular differentiation is almost nonexistent. Mushroom primordia develop from masses of converging hyphae, and the stipe (or stem), cap, and gills are clearly demarcated within the embryonic fruiting body long before the organ expands and unfolds through water uptake and cell wall loosening. Though frequent references are made to gilled mushrooms in this article, the totipotent nature of fruiting body cells and lack of meristems is also applicable to basidiomycetes that spread their spore-producing tissues inside tubes (e.g., boletes), over spines and rippled surfaces, or form spores in cavities within the fruiting body.Even in the mature mushroom, every hypha retains its totipotency. Among animals, only sponges exhibit a similar degree of developmental flexibility, which is interesting, because these simple metazoans may be relatively close relatives of fungi. 相似文献
6.
Mushroom lectins: Current status and future perspectives 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
《Critical reviews in biotechnology》2013,33(2):99-126
Lectins are nonimmune proteins or glycoproteins that bind specifically to cell surface carbohydrates, culminating in cell agglutination. These are known to play key roles in host defense system and also in metastasis. Many new sources have been explored for the occurrence of lectins during the last few years. Numerous novel lectins with unique specificities and exploitable properties have been discovered. Mushrooms have attracted a number of researchers in food and pharmaceuticals. Many species have long been used in traditional Chinese medicines or functional foods in Japan and other Asian countries. A number of bioactive constituents have been isolated from mushrooms including polysaccharides, polysaccharopeptides, polysaccharide–protein complexes, proteases, ribonucleases, ribosome inactivating proteins, antifungal proteins, immunomodulatory proteins, enzymes, lectins, etc. Mushroom lectins are endowed with mitogenic, antiproliferative, antitumor, antiviral, and immunestimulating potential. In this review, an attempt has been made to collate the information on mushroom lectins, their blood group and sugar specificities, with an emphasis on their biomedical potential and future perspectives. 相似文献
7.
Declining Wild Mushroom Recognition and Usage in Burkina Faso 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
K. Marie Laure Guissou Anne Mette Lykke Philippe Sankara Sita Guinko 《Economic botany》2008,62(3):530-539
Declining Wild Mushroom Recognition and Usage in Burkina Faso. Ethnomycological investigation was carried out in Burkina Faso, West Africa, using standardized interviews focused on 40
representative mushroom species assembled in a traveling herbarium (photographs plus preserved specimens). A total of 540
informants from 18 localities representing three main ethnic groups—Mòosé, Bobo, and Gouin—were interviewed, though the bulk
of those interviewed were Mòosé (or Mossi) from the more populous central region of the country. Among the study species,
as many as 24 were considered edible by the different ethnic groups; a few medicinal uses also were noted. The edibility of
a common Chlorophyllum species is confirmed for the three ethnic groups. Mushroom nomenclature is not well developed in any of the three groups
as evidenced by the fact that many mushrooms, including some common edible species, do not appear to have specific local names,
but are instead simply referred to by a general term for “mushroom.” Preliminary observations about inter–ethnic variation
in recognition, naming, and appreciation of mushrooms are noted. Older people recognized many more mushroom species than did
younger people, and women appeared to be slightly more knowledgeable about mushrooms than men. The most important finding
is that the gathering and consumption of wild edible mushrooms seems to be dying out in Burkina Faso, especially in the central
part of the country, apparently because of declining mushroom populations resulting from disappearing forest habitats.
NOTE TO VENDOR: In place of the corresponding author, send proof to this paper’s editor, David Aroro, maxfun @cruzio.com 相似文献
8.
Soldo I Kucan Z Timarac J Mihaljević I Matijević M Perić L Lisnjić D Sesar Z Kadojić D Vcev A Mićunović N 《Collegium antropologicum》2007,31(4):1099-1103
In the research we included a total of 207 subjects with the dismissal diagnosis of "mycetismus", who were treated at the Department of Infectious Diseases, General Hospital Osijek, during the 1983-1992 period. 32 of them were children. There were 44.93% of men, 39.61% of women and 15.45% of children. The latent time > 6 hours was determined in 51 (25%) and < 6 hours in 75% of subjects. In 156 of patients with the latent time > 6 hours, "false" poisoning occured, while 51 patients experienced real mushroom toxins poisoning. At the admission to the hospital, in patients with the latent time > 6 hours, a pathological PT (protrombine time) was established only in women, leukocytosis in both women and children, increased concentration of GGT (gamma-glutamin-transferase) in men, increased AST (aspartate-aminotransferase) and ALT (alanin-aminotransferase) only in women, and increased urea in both women and children. After 24 hours, control measuring established high values of AST and ALT extended PT uremia and exalted amount of ammonia in blood in 11 of patients (2 men, 7 women and 2 children). They had severe liver and kidney damage, the most probably caused by Amanita phalloides toxins. The latent time lasted 9 to 13 hours. Of the 11 above mentioned patients, 2 women, aged 74 and 43, and one girl, aged 6, died. No pathological laboratory parameters were established in 40 of subjects with the latent time of 6 and more hours, and the disease manifested through vomiting and diarrhea that lasted for several days. These subjects most probably suffered from mushroom toxins poisoning. Mushroom toxins irritate the mucuous membrane of the gastrointestinal tract, and there are many such poisonous mushrooms. There were no mortalities in this group of subjects. 相似文献
9.
10.
A. A. Panov 《Entomological Review》2012,92(7):741-746
Mushroom bodies are developed similarly in all the carrion beetles studied, and the transition from necrophagy to predation in some species does not affect considerably their level of development. The Kenyon cells form two small groups in each brain hemisphere and are subdivided into central and peripheral cells. Two closely located inputs of the Kenyon cell processes enter a single, pillow-shaped calyx region. The pedunculus comprises two shafts along a considerable part of its length, which fuse in the lobes. In the degree of development, the mushroom bodies of carrion beetles resemble those of basal lamellicorn and longhorned beetles. 相似文献