胚胎胸腺移植配合蛇毒抗癌素治疗晚期肝癌

目的探讨生物效应调节剂,联合蛇毒制剂治疗晚期肝癌近期疗效。方法采用人胚胸腺组织或细胞移植方法,配合口服蛇毒抗癌素胶囊和（或）腹腔内注射蛇毒抗癌素注射液（以下简称治疗组）与５－Ｆｕ、ＭＭＣ及ＦＴ－２０７三联（以下简称对照组）对晚期肝癌进行随机分组治疗,通过对临床症状改善、免疫功能变化以及生存期长短等项目观察判断疗效。结果对晚期肝癌治疗,治疗组疗效优于对照组,也优于单纯应用胸腺移植治疗晚期肝癌的治疗效果。结论人胚胸腺组织或细胞移植及蛇毒抗癌素胶囊或其注射液抗癌效果是确切的,联合应用比二者单用效果更佳。     

EB病毒诱导胸腺恶性T细胞淋巴瘤的研究

为研究EB病毒在恶性T细胞淋巴瘤发生中的作用,将EB病毒感染的人胚胸腺细胞移植于Scid鼠皮下,于移植后第3日起在移植处对侧皮下注射TPA50ng／只,每周1次。于移植后第4周起,移植处皮下有结节状隆起形成,并逐渐增大。于6－15周内行病理学检查和免疫组织化学染色,证实为T细胞淋巴瘤8例。其中实验组胸腺细胞＋EBV的成瘤率为25％（1／4）,胸腺细胞＋EBV＋TPA组的成瘤率为53.8%（7／13）,对照组胸腺细胞＋TPA的成瘤率为0（0／5）。PCR和 闰杂交在诱导肿瘤可可检测到EB病毒的基因EBERs、LMP1和BARF1,并有病毒基因LMP1蛋白编码产物的表达。EB病毒可感染人胚胸腺细胞,并使其发生恶性转化,EB病毒可能在恶性T细胞淋巴瘤的发生中起病因作用。     

高原低氧免疫损伤及其干预措施的研究

目的:探讨高原低氧损伤免疫系统的特征及其可能机制,研究高原低氧免疫损伤的干预措施。方法:测定低氧暴露不同时间小鼠免疫器官指数、外周血和免疫器官T淋巴细胞亚群的变化;观察小鼠免疫器官淋巴细胞凋亡率及小鼠肺脏和肾脏病理学改变。采用预防给药方式,研究中药组方对低氧免疫损伤小鼠的干预作用。结果:①模拟海拔8000m低氧暴露8h后,小鼠胸腺CD4+CD8+细胞数显著下降,CD4+CD8-、CD4-CD8+细胞数显著增加(P0.01);低氧暴露3d后,外周血CD4+细胞明显减少(P0.05),CD4+/CD8+比值显著降低(P0.05),胸腺CD4+CD8+细胞数进一步下降,CD4+CD8-、CD4-CD8+细胞数进一步增加,小鼠脾脏、胸腺淋巴细胞晚期凋亡和坏死率均显著增加(P0.05);低氧暴露6d后,小鼠脾指数显著性增加(P0.01);胸腺指数显著性降低(P0.01),脾CD4+、CD8+细胞数显著降低(P0.01),脾脏和胸腺淋巴细胞晚期凋亡率和坏死率进一步增加(P0.01),活细胞率显著降低(P0.01),脾脏淋巴细胞早期凋亡率显著增加(P0.01)。整个低氧暴露过程中外周血CD8+无显著性变化。②新复方党参、香杞多糖、二者联合应用均能显著增加低氧免疫损伤小鼠外周血CD3+、CD4+、脾脏CD4+的细胞水平(P0.01,P0.05),对脾脏CD8+细胞水平没有显著影响。香杞多糖及其与新复方党参联合应用均能进一步降低胸腺CD4+CD8+,进一步增加CD4+CD8-的细胞水平(P0.01),未见对CD4-CD8+细胞水平的影响;新复方党参对低氧免疫损伤小鼠胸腺没有显著性影响。结论:模拟海拔8000m低氧暴露后小鼠外周发挥免疫作用的淋巴细胞数减少可能与低氧暴露早期淋巴细胞凋亡率和坏死率增加和肺脏淋巴细胞分布增多有关。新复方党参和香杞多糖作为低氧免疫损伤干预措施,具有一定发展前景。     

重组人B7-H1 IgV疫苗的初步毒理学研究

目的:对重组人B7-H1 Ig V疫苗进行重复给药毒性研究,为后续系统临床前研究提供依据。方法:常规免疫BALB/c小鼠,检测疫苗及佐剂对小鼠一般毒理学指标的影响及疫苗的免疫毒性。结果:B7-H1疫苗及氢氧化铝佐剂对小鼠的进食、体重等一般状况,血液学和血清生化学指标,重要脏器组织的大体病理学,组织病理学情况及相对重量均无显著性影响;B7-H1组小鼠的CD4+T细胞百分率和CD4+/CD8+T细胞比值明显增高。结论:B7-H1疫苗及氢氧化铝佐剂对小鼠一般毒理学指标未见显著影响;疫苗组小鼠的CD4+T细胞百分率和CD4+/CD8+T细胞比值明显增高,提示该疫苗诱导了明显的免疫应答;该研究为重组人B7-H1 Ig V疫苗的进一步临床应用提供了重要证据。     

三叶青黄酮对荷Lewis肺癌小鼠免疫功能及肿瘤组织凋亡相关蛋白的影响

探索三叶青黄酮对荷Lewis肺癌小鼠免疫功能及肿瘤组织凋亡相关蛋白的影响。将60只小鼠随机分为对照组、模型组、三叶青黄酮高、中、低剂量组(100、50、25 mg/mL)各10只。连续干预14天后,检测各组胸腺指数、脾脏指数、移植瘤组织凋亡及凋亡相关蛋白表达,检测外周血调节性T细胞(Treg)比例。结果显示,与模型组比,三叶青黄酮高中剂量组胸腺指数、脾脏指数和移植瘤组织凋亡率升高(P<0.05),凋亡相关蛋白表达升高(P<0.05),外周血CD4+CD25+Foxp3+Treg细胞所占比例降低(P<0.05)。综上,三叶青黄酮可降低荷Lewis肺癌小鼠Treg细胞比例,提高免疫功能,诱导移植瘤组织凋亡。     

天府肉鸭胸腺发育中Fas、Fas-L和P53蛋白表达的动态研究

凋亡相关因子(Fas)、凋亡相关因子配体(FasL)和磷蛋白53(P53)是细胞发生凋亡的重要调控因素。本文研究了天府肉鸭(Anas platyrhynchos domestica)胸腺发育过程中Fas、FasL和P53蛋白的动态表达,旨在更深入地认识胸腺细胞自然凋亡的调控机制。将65羽天府肉鸭分为13组,即22、24、26天胚龄,胚后0(新生雏)、3、5、8、14、17、20、26、29、32周龄。分别采取各组鸭的胸腺组织,4%多聚甲醛固定,常规石蜡切片,Fas、Fas L及P53蛋白免疫组织化学染色,镜检并进行阳性细胞计量分析。结果显示,Fas阳性反应见于胸腺淋巴细胞,其阳性率在22~26天胚龄无明显变化;新生雏显著升高,随后趋于恒定,直到17周龄,20周龄以后呈上升趋势。Fas L阳性反应见于胸腺淋巴细胞及上皮细胞,在胚胎及胚后发育过程中,其淋巴细胞阳性率无明显变化。P53阳性反应见于胸腺皮质淋巴细胞和胸腺上皮细胞,其淋巴细胞阳性率在各组中无显著性差异。结果说明Fas,Fas L和P53蛋白在天府肉鸭胸腺发育中呈现出不同表达规律。     

DCs-CIK细胞免疫治疗联合化疗治疗晚期非小细胞肺癌的疗效观察

目的:探讨树突状细胞(DCs)和细胞因子诱导的杀伤(CIK)细胞免疫治疗联合化疗对晚期非小细胞肺癌患者的治疗效果。方法:将我院2012年2月到2014年2月就诊的72例晚期非小细胞肺癌患者随机分为对照组(n=36,单纯化疗组)和实验组(n=36,DCs-CIK细胞免疫联合化疗组)。比较两组患者治疗后的疗效、治疗前后免疫功能,并运用Kamofsky(KPS)评分来评估两组患者治疗后生活质量的改善情况。结果:实验组的疾病控制率(DCR)77.78%显著高于对照组的52.78%(P0.05)。治疗后实验组患者外周血CD3+、CD8+及NK细胞所占的比值较治疗前均上升显著(P0.05);治疗后对照组患者外周血CD3+、CD8+及NK细胞所占的比值较治疗前下降显著(P0.05)。治疗后实验组KPS评分提高率明显高于对照组(P0.05)。结论:DCs-CIK细胞免疫联合化疗能够提高晚期非小细胞肺癌患者的DCR,且显著改善患者的免疫功能和生活质量。     

hu-PBL-SCID小鼠体内人淋巴细胞状况

将人外周血淋巴细胞经腹腔移植于T、B细胞严重联合免疫缺陷的SCID小鼠后,成功地建立了hu-PBL-SCID小鼠模型。在移植后4周,其小鼠血清中存在人免疫球蛋白,其脾淋巴细胞中,所检测的8种免疫表型人淋巴细胞亚群均存在,表明人淋巴细胞在SCID小鼠体内出现了增殖或重建。但hu-PBL-SCID小鼠及未免疫重建的SCID小鼠体内人肺巨细胞癌PLA-801DL的生长及转移情况未见明显差异,提示hu-PBL-SCID小鼠体内的人淋巴细胞不具有明显的抗肿瘤活性。     

人羊膜间充质干细胞对四氯化碳诱导小鼠肝损伤定位修复的研究

目的：观察活体染料羧基荧光素乙酰乙酸（CFSE）标记的人羊膜间充质干细胞对四氯化碳诱导小鼠肝损伤模型的定位修复情况。方法：采用胰蛋白酶-胶原酶消化法从羊膜组织中分离间充质干细胞,通过流式细胞术和免疫荧光等方法进行鉴定。模型组按浓度为20μl/g剂量的四氯化碳和橄榄油混合液诱导小鼠肝损伤,治疗组经小鼠尾静脉注射羧基荧光素乙酰乙酸标记的人羊膜间充质干细胞约1×10⁶个/ml。分别取模型组和细胞移植的治疗组小鼠眼球血和肝组织进行相关检测。结果：分离得到纯度较高的羊膜间充质干细胞;冰冻切片免疫荧光显示移植1周后细胞向小鼠受损肝组织定植,CFSE标记的人羊膜间充质干细胞呈绿色荧光;细胞移植后4周,与模型组比较,细胞移植组小鼠血清中天冬氨酸转移酶、丙氨酸氨基转移酶显著降低,而白蛋白明显升高（P< 0.01）;肝组织病理切片模型组小鼠细胞水肿,坏死灶多见,脂肪变性,可见不同程度的炎性细胞浸润;治疗组小鼠肝组织病理学改变和损伤程度有较明显改善;小鼠肝组织冰冻切片的免疫荧光显示移植4周后人羊膜间充质干细胞周围分泌血清白蛋白。结论：羧基荧光素乙酰乙酸标记的人羊膜间充质干细胞可有效改善肝组织的生理功能,为细胞定位移植治疗肝脏疾病的修复情况提供实验数据。     

板蓝根多糖体内抗肿瘤作用与免疫功能调节实验研究

本研究主要探讨板蓝根多糖(RIP)对荷瘤小鼠的抗肿瘤作用及其对免疫功能的影响。通过建立S180小鼠移植瘤和腹水瘤模型,以环磷酰胺(CTX)为阳性对照药,观察RIP对其的影响。连续给药12 d后,测定移植瘤小鼠的瘤重,计算肿瘤生长抑制率和胸腺、脾脏指数;检测脾淋巴细胞的转化功能和NK细胞杀伤活性以及血清中的TNF-α、INF-γ、IL-2水平;并对肿瘤组织进行HE染色和细胞周期分析;对进行相同给药周期的腹水瘤小鼠继续正常饲养,记录各组小鼠自然死亡的时间。结果显示,不同剂量的RIP均可明显抑制小鼠肿瘤的生长,其100 mg/kg和50 mg/kg剂量组的抑瘤率分别为35.4%,38.5%;各剂量组移植瘤小鼠胸腺指数和脾指数与对照组比较有所提高,还能刺激脾淋巴细胞的转化及增强NK细胞的杀伤活性,升高血清中TNF-α、INF-γ和IL-2的含量,其50 mg/kg组与模型对照组相比有统计学差异(P0.01)。此外,移植瘤组织HE染色观察可见各给药组肿瘤组织坏死面积呈不同比例增大,流式细胞仪检测出给药后G_0/G_1期细胞比例增加,S期细胞比例降低,G_2/M期细胞周期未见明显变化。由此提示,RIP能够增强荷瘤小鼠的免疫功能,对荷瘤小鼠具有抗肿瘤作用,能延长荷瘤小鼠的生存时间。     

Changes in the ratio of T-lymphocyte subpopulations in various cytological samples of Plummer's thyroid adenoma

In order to correlate possible alterations of cell-mediated immune response with the evolutive phases of Plummer Adenoma (P. A.), T lymphocytes subpopulations in FNA samples and in peripheral blood lymphocytes (PBL) have been studied in 5 patients with autonomous nodules. The lymphocyte component in FNA and peripheral blood has been isolated by Lymphoprep gradient centrifugation; the analysis of T helper and T suppressor subpopulations was made by indirect immunofluorescence with OKT8 and OKT4 monoclonal antibodies. Our results show a reduction in OKT4/OKT8 ratio in cytological samples compared with PBL in patients with P. A., while in control subjects there was not statistically significant difference. In the patients with P. A., the relative increase of OKT8 lymphocytes in FNA compared with PBL is correlated with the functional state, that is toxic adenomas have a lower OKT4/OKT8 ratio compared with nodules in pre-toxic phase. In conclusion: T lymphocyte subpopulations typing in FNA demonstrate that, even in this type of hyperthyroidism, immune response disorders are present and consist of relative increase of suppressor/cytotoxic T cells, compared to T helper cells.     

Cell-mediated amplification and down regulation of cytotoxic immune response against autologous human cancer

The cytotoxic host immune response toward autologous human cancer may be regulated by the immunoregulatory network. Here we show that helper T cells, cloned from peripheral blood lymphocytes that were sensitized in vitro against an autologous human malignant paraganglioma, proliferated against and made interleukin 2 when cocultured with the tumor-associated antigen in the presence of autologous accessory cells. Furthermore, the helper cell clones amplified cytotoxic immune response by peripheral blood lymphocytes against the paraganglioma cells in coculture with the blood lymphocytes and the paraganglioma cells. An autologous T cell line bearing suppressor phenotype, established from a lymph node that had been infiltrated with the paraganglioma tumor cells, in contrast to the helper cells, selectively suppressed the cytotoxic immune response by the blood lymphocytes against the paraganglioma cells in identical coculture. These results, therefore, demonstrate the existence of cell-mediated immunologic regulations of the cytotoxic immune response (concurrent amplification and suppression in the same host) against an autologous human tumor.     

Lymphocyte subsets in the young and aging marmoset (Callithrix jacchus)

T lymphocytes were studied in healthy young and old marmosets (Callithrix jacchus). Data indicate that monoclonal antisera to human T lymphocyte antigens can be used to identify these cells in marmosets. Total T and suppressor T cells were lower in the older group; there were no differences in helper T or in B cells. Helper/suppressor ratios (T4/T8) were increased in the older group. Thus, immune system alternations with aging and/or immune deficiency syndromes may be studied in this animal model using available reagents.     

Tolerance induced by TNP-derivatized syngeneic erythrocytes: evidence for cooperation between hapten-specific T and hapten-specific B lymphocytes in the immune response.

Tolerance to the DNP haptenic determinant was induced with a single i.v. injection of trinitrophenylated syngeneic red blood cells. The tolerant state lasted 1 month and was stable on transfer to irradiated thymectomized syngeneic recipients. Suppressor activity was found soon after injection of tolerogen but was lost before the termination of tolerance. The unresponsive state could be reversed by adding normal thymus cells to tolerant spleen cells but not by normal bone marrow cells. LPS when given with immunogen restored the normal immune response in tolerant mice. Thus the injection of TNP-MRBC induced partial immune unresponsiveness which was characterized by the induction of T cell suppressor activity and by a hapten-specific helper T cells tolerance. Finally, these studies suggest a cooperative interaction between DNP-specific T lymphocytes and DNP-specific B lymphocytes in the immune response to DNP-BGG.     

T lymphocyte subsets in patients with malignant melanoma

Summary T lymphocyte subset profiles were determined by monoclonal antibodies on cryopreserved peripheral blood lymphocytes from 57 patients with malignant melanoma and 19 healthy controls. Quantitation of percentages of total T cells (OKT3.PAN), helper (OKT4.IND) or suppressor (OKT8.SUP) cells, and the ratio of helper/suppressor subsets revealed no correlation of these markers with stage of disease or clinical outcome. A sequential study of these markers on peripheral blood lymphocytes from three stage I melanoma patients with subsequent recurrent disease showed no fluctuations that could be correlated to tumor progression. This study indicates that there is no systemic imbalance in T cell subsets in malignant melanoma and that quantitation of these subsets cannot predict the clinical course of this disease.     

The cellular basis for viral-induced immunodeficiency: analysis by monoclonal antibodies

Viral infections are often associated with immunodeficiency states. Although T lymphocytes have been thought to suppress the host's response, the precise etiology remains unclear. Therefore, we characterized T lymphocytes from six patients during both acute and convalescent phases of infectious mononucleosis (IM) with monoclonal antibodies (titer, 10(-5) to 10(-7) to antigens restricted to the TH2- helper (T4) and TH2 suppressor (T5) T cell subsets as well as to a common T cell antigen (T3) and HLA-D related Ia antigens. It was found that during acute infectious mononucleosis, there is both activation and increase of suppressor T cells (T5+, Ia+ phenotype). Fuctionally, the acute IM lymphocytes suppress autologous T cell proliferation to antigens as well as pokeweed mitogen driven B cell immunoglobulin production. In contrast, convalescence is associated with a return to normal of T cell subsets and immune function. These results demonstrate that viral infections can preferentially activate a specific T cell subset and suppress the overall human immune response.     

Imbalance of peripheral B lymphocytes and NK cells in rheumatoid arthritis

The study was focused on several cellular immune disorders correlated with the imbalance between peripheral blood B lymphocytes and NK cells in severe rheumatoid arthritis. By flow cytometry we calculated the proportions of T, T helper, T cytotoxic/suppressor, B lymphocytes and natural killer cells in peripheral blood. The mitogen-induced proliferation of peripheral lymphocytes was measured by tritium-labeld uridine incorporation. Experimental data highlight a connection between annomal values of the B to natural killer cells ratio and disorders of the peripheral mononuclear cells concentration. We also showed that the polyclonal proliferation capacity of peripheral lymphocytes in rheumatoid arthritis is solely related to the B to natural killer cells ratio or to the natural killer cells proportion. The study reveals a potential role of the imbalance between proportions of peripheral B lymphocytes and natural killer cells in the immune pathogenesis of rheumatoid arthritis, thus pointing out an interrelation between the adaptive and innate immune systems.     

Enhancement by irradiated T cells of human plasma cell production: dissection of helper and suppressor functions in vitro.

The addition of irradiated T-enriched lymphocytes to B cell-enriched fractions of human peripheral blood or to unseparated mononuclear cells stimulated the differentiation of plasmacytoid cells in culture with pokeweek mitogen beyond the synergy obtained by the addition of unirradiated T cells. This stimulation was observed in both the proportion and absolute number of plasmacytoid cells recovered from the cultures, and in the amount of IgM detected in culture supernatants by a hemagglutination inhibition assay. Irradiation-induced enhancement was observed with normal and hypogammaglobulinmic T cells, but not with monoclonal T cells from two patients. Inactivation of T cells by heating or by repeated freezing and thawing did not produce the same effects as did irradiation. These data suggest that cell-mediated suppressor function in man is selectively radiosensitive, while helper activity is not. Irradiation may be a useful method for the functional isolation of helper cells and for the manipulation of the balance between suppressor and helper cell activities.     

Identification of profound peripheral T lymphocyte immunodeficiencies in the spontaneously diabetic BB rat

The BB rat is presently the best available animal model for human insulin dependent diabetes (IDD). Because of the extreme susceptibility of the strain to opportunistic infections and because current studies suggest that they have an autoimmune diathesis, of which IDD is but one result, aspects of the immune system of the BB rat were studied. Severe T lymphopenia was observed in all BB rats, irrespective of sex or the presence of IDD, while numbers of B cells and serum immunoglobulin levels were normal. Both the helper T lymphocyte and cytotoxic/suppressor T lymphocyte subsets, defined by reactions with monoclonal antibodies, were depressed, and an inversion of the helper T cell subset to cytotoxic/suppressor T lymphocyte subset ratio occurred in all BB rats with increasing maturity. Concomitantly, severe impairments of T cell-mediated immune responses were noted. BB rats poorly rejected allografts across both major and minor histocompatibility barriers, and BB splenic or peripheral blood lymphocytes had markedly defective proliferative responses to mitogens and to allogeneic cells in MLC. Irradiated and nonirradiated BB spleen cells did not inhibit WF mitogenic or MLC responses, which suggests that the T cell defect in BB rats is not solely due to increased suppressor activity. Because irradiated WF cells and Con A supernatants did not restore BB proliferative responses, and BB lymphocytes were able to produce IL-2 normally, a reduced ability of BB lymphocytes to respond to helper factors such as IL-2 is suggested. In contrast to T lymphocytes from spleen or peripheral blood, BB thymocytes responded as well as did WF thymocytes to Con A or Con A supernatants. Percentages of T lymphocyte subsets and histology of BB thymuses were also normal when compared to WF thymuses. However, spleens and lymph nodes from BB rats were severely depleted of T lymphocytes, and thymocytotoxic autoantibodies were detected in many BB rat sera. The above findings indicate that BB rats have T lymphocyte immunoincompetence, which appears to be a post-thymic or peripherally acquired maturational defect.