仿刺参体腔细胞和血细胞类型及体腔细胞数量研究

本文应用光镜、电镜技术研究了仿刺参(Apostichopus japonicus)体腔细胞和血窦中血细胞的形态、结构、周年体腔细胞总数及主要类型的细胞数量。研究结果表明,仿刺参体腔细胞和血细胞形态结构相同,作者将体腔细胞分为淋巴样细胞、球形细胞、变形细胞、透明细胞、纺锤细胞和结晶细胞,其中球形细胞又分为Ⅰ型、Ⅱ型、Ⅲ型。血窦中血细胞除未见结晶细胞外,其余与体腔细胞相同。体腔细胞和血细胞均以淋巴样细胞、变形细胞、球形细胞为主,透明细胞、纺锤细胞次之,结晶细胞数量最少。从形态和结构分析,作者认为仿刺参体腔细胞和血细胞来源可能相同。周年平均的体腔细胞总数为(3.85±0.21)×106个/mL,淋巴样细胞为(1.58±0.11)×106个/mL,占细胞总数的(41±1.47)%;球形细胞为(1.16±0.13)×106个/mL, 占细胞总数的(30±0.89)%;变形细胞为(0.99±0.07)×106个/mL,占总细胞数的(25±0.98)%,三种主要类型细胞占细胞总数的(96±1.53)%。     

褐马鸡幽门区内分泌细胞的免疫组织化学研究

在褐马鸡的幽门区显示出了大量嗜银细胞和亲银细胞。免疫组织化学染色表明,褐马鸡的幽门区内存在有大量G细胞和D细胞,少量EC细胞和极少量PP细胞,其中EC细胞是迄今为止首次在鸟类幽门区得到证实的一个内分泌细胞类型。规察到G细胞、D细胞和EC细胞伸出长的胞质突起与邻近细胞相接触。GRP细胞、Mo细胞、A细胞和B细胞均未在幽门区检出。     

淋巴细胞亚群成员研究进展

淋巴细胞是人体重要的免疫细胞,占外周血白细胞总数的20﹪~45﹪,主要分为T细胞、B细胞和NK细胞三大类。根据细胞表面标志及功能特征,将淋巴细胞亚群分为CD3~+CD4~+辅助性T细胞、CD3~+CD8~+的细胞毒性T细胞、CD19~+B细胞、CD16~+CD56~+NK细胞。随着基础免疫学及免疫学技术的不断发展,临床和科研工作者不断地将淋巴细胞亚群细化并发现一些新的亚群,包括γδT细胞、Th1/Th2细胞、Th17细胞、Th9细胞、Tfh细胞、Treg细胞、Breg细胞、NKT细胞和NKB细胞等,淋巴细胞亚群的内容也随之被赋予了新的定义,现将近年来淋巴细胞亚群的研究进展进行综述。     

人参对大鼠胃G细胞、D细胞影响的免疫组织化学观察

本文应用免疫组织化学PAP方法观察大鼠胃G细胞、D细胞的分布和形态特征,以及人参对胃G细胞、D细胞免疫细胞化学活性的影响。用细胞显微分光光度计检测了服用人参的G细胞、D细胞免疫反应阳性面积及光密度。检测结果表明,人参能使大鼠胃G细胞、D细胞增大,增加G细胞中胃泌素的含量和D细胞中生长抑素的含量。本文的结果提示,人参对大鼠胃G细胞和D细胞的形态及分泌活动有调节性影响。     

探究杂交瘤技术制备单克隆抗体时与骨髓瘤细胞有效融合的细胞类型

杂交瘤技术制备单克隆抗体,一般取免疫小鼠的脾细胞与骨髓瘤细胞融合,并通过筛选获得杂交瘤细胞后再生产。脾脏内含有B1细胞、Mz-B细胞、T1 B细胞、T2 B细胞、初始B细胞、致敏B细胞、短寿命浆细胞、中心母细胞、中心细胞、抗体分泌细胞等不同类型的细胞。制备单克隆抗体使用的抗原多为蛋白质,经典的免疫策略要用抗原反复刺激免疫动物,所获单克隆抗体类型多为高亲和力的免疫球蛋白G(IgG),结合近期发明的一些新技术等,可认为与骨髓瘤细胞有效融合的主要是由记忆B细胞增殖分化而来的抗体分泌细胞。     

细胞药物的种类及生物学特性——细胞药物连载之一

细胞药物是以不同细胞为基础的用于疾病治疗的制剂、药物或产品的统称,是继放疗、化疗之后又一种临床有效的治疗手段,可实施个性化治疗。细胞药物的种类很多,按其生物学特性可分为传统体细胞、免疫细胞以及各种不同的干细胞等。经体外操作过的细胞群,如肝细胞、胰岛细胞、软骨细胞、树突状细胞、细胞因子诱导的杀伤细胞、淋巴因子激活的杀伤细胞、体外加工的骨髓或造血干细胞和体外处理的肿瘤细胞(瘤苗)等。细胞药物已在一些难治性疾病中得到应用,包括血液系统疾病、心血管系统疾病、消化系统疾病、神经系统疾病、免疫系统疾病和抗衰老等。细胞治疗涉及的细胞种类很多,且不同细胞或不同治疗方法各有特点。运用不同的细胞药物来修复病变细胞,以重建受损的功能细胞和组织,恢复其生物学功能,为细胞丢失或损伤性疾病的防治提供了崭新的思路。     

胎盘X细胞的免疫组织化学研究

胎盘Ｘ细胞为一种绒毛外滋养层细胞,作者对２５例晚期妊娠胎盘中Ｘ细胞进行了Ｋｅｒａｔｉｎ、ＥＭＡ、ＨＣＧ、ＨＰＬ、ＰＬＡＰ、Ｐｒｏｌａｃｔｉｎ等免疫组织化学研究,其中Ｋｅｒａｔｉｎ、ＥＭＡ、ＨＰＬ、ＰＬＡＰ等染色均示部分细胞呈阳性反应。上述结果表明Ｘ细胞介于合体滋养细胞与细胞滋养细胞之间,符合中间滋养细胞的光镜及免疫组织化学特征,而与蜕膜细胞完全不同。     

人和大鼠胃窦部神经内分泌细胞分布和形态学的比较研究

目的探讨人和大鼠胃窦部神经内分泌细胞的分布和形态学特征。方法采用免疫细胞化学方法,检测人和大鼠胃窦部粘膜内生长抑素细胞(D细胞)、胃泌素细胞(G细胞)、5-羟色胺细胞(5-HT细胞)、嗜铬粒素A细胞(CgA细胞)的分布。结果人和大鼠的G、D细胞的特征是都具有细胞突起,但是在细胞密度及其分布上是不同的;5-HT细胞的分布在两组稍有不同,在大鼠胃窦部,大多数5-HT细胞位于腺体基部,而人的5-HT细胞主要在间质,少数位于腺上皮内;在两组中,CgA细胞几乎布满整个胃粘膜,其数量也高于其他神经内分泌细胞,CgA细胞形态多样,胞质内充满细小颗粒。结论1)人与大鼠的G、D细胞通常都伴有突起,但其分布不同。2)5-HT细胞形态多样,分布于间质和腺上皮内。3)CgA细胞特征是胞质内充满细小颗粒,细胞形态多样,几乎布满整个粘膜。     

微生物细胞表面呈现技术研究进展

微生物细胞表面工程是近年来发展起来的,它利用细胞表面展示技术使外源蛋白固定化于细胞表面,从而生产微生物细胞表面蛋白。微生物细胞表面工程可用于细胞催化剂、细胞吸附剂、活疫苗、生物传感器的开发等。微生物细胞表面工程具有广阔的应用前景,但是国内对这一领域的研究刚起步。在介绍细胞表面工程的基础上,对微生物细胞表面工程技术进展进行了综述,展望了对该技术的发展。     

凤仙花花药发育特征

凤仙花花药发育比较特殊: 在造孢细胞时期,花药横切面中央是体积较大、细胞内含物较多的细胞团、包括造孢细胞和绒毡层细胞。花药药壁细胞的细胞质较稀少,与中部细胞界限明晰。花粉母细胞时期的花药药壁由约6层细胞组成,但细胞的界限不明显;绒毡层细胞显示变形流入药室中。到四分体时期,绒毡层细胞进一步退化。开花时,成熟花药的药壁细胞由一层表皮细胞、两层药室内壁细胞和一层中层细胞组成。对凤仙花花药绒毡层的特殊性质进行了讨论。     

巨大螺旋藻光合放氧和超微结构的研究

选用常温下培养的巨大螺旋藻为材料,对其光合放氧与超微结构进行了观察和研究。结果表明：１）巨大螺旋藻具有较强的放氧能力;２）巨大螺旋藻细胞内存在有含量极丰富的类囊体,气泡,藻胆体及羧化体等特写结构与其光合放氧特性相适应;３）类囊体膜片层在细胞的部分区域已趋于重叠,且封闭成一独立系统存在,具类似真核生物叶绿体的结构;４）从进化角度来看,巨大螺旋藻类囊体膜存在的方式可以作为叶绿体系统演化的证据之一,即真     

The movement and invasion of an insect baculovirus in tracheal cells of the armyworm, Pseudaletia unipuncta

The hypertrophy nuclear polyhedrosis virus of the armyworm, Pseudaletia unipuncta, causes a unique gradient of infected cells to form on the trachea. The movement and invasion of the virus apparently were not through adjacent intercellular membranes. The enveloped viruses emerged from the initially infected cell into an area between the cell plasma membrane and basal lamina, and then entered the uninfected tracheal cell either by lateral attachment and fusion of the viral envelope and the plasma membrane or by viropexis. The two methods of viral invasion into the cell suggest the presence of at least two phenotypically different enveloped viruses. Viropexis was initiated with an alignment of the peplomer spikes with regularly spaced, short radial striations on the inner coat of the plasma membrane. At a late state in viropexis, the viral envelope fused with the vacuole membrane, and an opening developed below the site of membrane fusion through which the nucleocapsid might enter the cytoplasm. Some nucleocapsids in membrane-lined vesicles resulting from viropexis appeared to be in a state of dissolution. Naked nucleocapsids were found along the nuclear envelope and within the nucleoplasm. No uncoating of the nucleocapsids was observed at the nucleopores, but uncoating seemed to occur in the nucleoplasm. Nucleocapsids were also found in the cytoplasm of nonsusceptible fat body cells, in which virus replication was not observed.     

Localization of myosin in the cytoskeleton of brush border cells using monoclonal antibodies and confocal laser-beam scanning microscopy

Monoclonal antibodies binding to the rod portion of brush border myosin were used to localize myosin in chicken intestinal brush border cells by indirect immunofluorescence. Isolated cells, or cells still attached in a sheet, were analyzed by conventional epifluorescence microscopy, which showed that most of the immunoreactive myosin is localized in the apical brush border (terminal web), and in a basal region. In addition, a weak, diffuse granular and rod-like labeling was detected throughout the cell body. Using the laser-scanning confocal microscope (White et al., 1987), a more precise localization of the myosin within the terminal web and the cell body was obtained. In the terminal web, most of the myosin was concentrated in a circumferential ring, below the plasma membrane, and the remaining myosin was found in the inter-rootlet area. These two populations of myosin were topologically strictly related, since they were found in the same optical sections. In the cell body, as well as in the basal region, the myosin was found to be associated with the outer limiting membrane of the cell, in a cortical location, whereas essentially no myosin was detected in the cytoplasm.     

Amyloid fibril formation in the bovine mammary gland: an ultrastructural study

Bovine mammary secretory tissue was examined histologically to determine the origin of amyloid fibrils and their mode of deposition. Spherical bodies of amyloid fibrils found in alveolar lumina and epithelium were closely associated with epithelial and monocytoid cells. Small bundles of parallel fibrils were observed within and between alveolar epithelial cells, and large spherical bodies occasionally developed in these positions, protruding into the luminal space. Bundles of parallel fibrils at the periphery of amyloid bodies in the alveolar lumen appeared to develop from the apical epithelial plasma membrane or in the cytoplasm just within the cell border. Bundles of parallel amyloid fibrils were also observed in slight indentations in the plasma membrane of monocytoid cells. In some cases, the point of contact between single fibrils and the plasma membrane was not discerned, and fibrils appeared continuous with the cytoplasm. The alveolar lumina appeared to be the major site of amyloid body formation. It is suggested that epithelial and monocytoid cells elaborate a soluble precursor which polymerizes into fibrils at the plasma membrane and in the peripheral cytoplasm, or is secreted by the cell and polymerizes extracellularly.     

Simulation of a Single Red Blood Cell Flowing Through a Microvessel Stenosis Using Dissipative Particle Dynamics

The motion and deformation of a single red blood cell flowing through a microvessel stenosis was investigated employing dissipative particle dynamics (DPD) method. The numerical model considers plasma, cytoplasm, the RBC membrane and the microvessel walls, in which a three dimensional coarse-grained spring network model of RBC’s membrane was used to simulate the deformation of the RBC. The suspending plasma was modelled as an incompressible Newtonian fluid and the vessel walls were regarded as rigid body. The body force exerted on the free DPD particles was used to drive the flow. A modified bounce-back boundary condition was enforced on the membrane to guarantee the impenetrability. Adhesion of the cell to the stenosis vessel surface was mediated by the interactions between receptors and ligands. Firstly, the motion of a single RBC in a microfluidic channel was simulated and the results were found in agreement with the experimental data cited by [1]. Then the mechanical behavior of the RBC in the microvessel stenosis was studied. The effects of the bending rigidity of membrane, the size of the stenosis and the driven body force on the deformation and motion of red blood cell were discussed.     

蚕豆保卫细胞中钙调素的免疫电镜定位

以蚕豆横切和平切气孔为材料,对钙调素进行了免疫胶体金电镜定位的结果表明:在蚕豆保卫细胞的细胞核、细胞质、细胞膜、叶绿体、液泡、高尔基体、细胞壁中都有金颗粒分布,在线粒体上的分布较少.     

A dense cell in the epithelium of the gill lamellae of the brook trout, Salvelinus fontinalis (Mitchill)

A cell was found in freshwater brook trout which was similar to a chloride cell as it was mitochondria-rich with an extensive tubular network, but differed in having a dark cytoplasm, large round vesicles in the apical cytoplasm, and large membrane-bound bodies near the nucleus. The base of the cell was separated from the basement membrane by cytoplasm from another epithelial cell. The cell was more rarely found in trout adapted to brackish water and salt water.     

Ultrastructural alterations associated with the growth of resistant Pseudomonas aeruginosa in the presence of benzalkonium chloride

Cells of Pseudomonas aeruginosa resistant to benzalkonium chloride (BC) underwent unique ultrastructural reorganizations when they were grown in the presence of 1 mg of BC/ml. The resistant cells usually contained a single, centrally positioned pseudovacuole. The pseudovacuole was surrounded by a diffuse substance that spread irregularly throughout the cytoplasm. The presence of the pseudovacuole seemed to cause a physical compartmentalization of the cytoplasm into random pockets of ribosomes and nuclear material. Contained within the pseudovacuole was a horseshoe-shaped, electron-dense body which was bounded by a trilaminar membrane 5.2 nm in width. These bodies averaged 77 nm when measured through the long axis. The surfaces of resistant cells were covered by an additional layer not found in sensitive cells. Thin sections of sensitive cells which had been treated with 1 mg of BC/ml showed little or no lysis. The cytoplasm appeared to be deeply stained and coagulated. Ribosomes were no longer distinctly visible. Although the cell wall remained intact, the cell membrane was dissolved and fragmented. BC-grown resistant cells could not be successfully stained by standard techniques; however, details were demonstrated with the aid of a combination of 1.5% glutaraldehyde, 1% osmium tetroxide, and 1% phosphotungstic acid prepared in 0.1 m sodium dimethylarsonate buffer (pH 6.8).     

Ultrastructure of L forms. IV. L forms of nonagglutinating vibrios]

A study was made of the ultrastructure of stable L-forms of Nag vibrios aged 24 hours. Cells of all types of the L-forms had cytoplasmic membranes, and a three-layered structure, which was found not everywhere. Externally of the cytoplasmic membrane, in some areas of the individual cells there were revealed a plastic layer of cell wall and a basal membrane. However, in difference to bacterial forms of the vibryos, rigidity of the cell wall was disturbed, and the links between the cell wall and the cytoplasmic membrane were indetectable. There were regularly revealed lamellar of myelin-like membranous structures in the cytoplasm, which did not occur in bacterial forms, and also lamellar mesosomes. The latter were found in the sites of cell division. Viability of small bodies as the minimal reproductive forms of the L-cultures is confirmed by the presence in them of a nucleoid and of the binary division.