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正金丝猴属(Rhinopithecus)属于灵长目、猴科、疣猴亚科,是亚洲疣猴亚科中特化程度最高的一个类群。金丝猴属包括5个近缘物种:滇金丝猴(R.bieti)、怒江金丝猴(R.strykeri)、川金丝猴(R.roxellana)、黔金丝猴(R.brelichia)和越南金丝猴(R.avunculus)。所有物种均被列为红色物种名录濒危物种。除了重要保护生物学价值,金丝猴属物种还发展出以树叶为食的特化食性,而且占据了从低海拔到高海拔的生境类型(800~4500 m)。黔金丝猴和越南金丝猴 相似文献
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川金丝猴mtDNA D-loop序列遗传多态性分析 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
采用非损伤性DNA分析技术,分析了甘肃白水江保护区、陕西长青保护区、湖北神农架保护区3个川金丝猴(Rhinopithecus roxellana)种群中的20份粪便样品和2份肌肉样品,成功扩增了mtDNA D-loop区部分片段。经过GenBank数据库的BLAST比对,确定了22份样品均来自川金丝猴,经过Clustal W和DNASP软件分析,在22份川金丝猴mtDNA D-loop区393bp中,共检测出54个多态性位点,分为17个单倍型,单倍型多态性(h)为0.965,核苷酸多态性(π)为3.10%。3个种群之间的遗传距离为0.003~0.098,核苷酸差异为0.08%~2.80%,表明所得到的川金丝猴样品中存在着较丰富的遗传多态性,种群间存在一定的遗传差异。 相似文献
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灵长类是森林中重要的种子传播者,其行为对于森林植物的更新具有重要的生态意义.虽然大量国外科学家关注了灵长类的种子传播行为,但我国的灵长类种子传播研究依然处于起步阶段,这不利于厘清我国灵长类的种子传播行为特点.本研究以云南拉沙山为研究地,关注滇金丝猴对果实性植物的取食及其对种子的传播作用,通过在夜栖地和午休地收集粪便分析灵长类的种子传播特点.结果表明:滇金丝猴共取食9科14种果实性植物,其中蔷薇科植物相对较多,共有6种,占所有植物种类的42.86%.果实特征影响着滇金丝猴的食物选择,滇金丝猴偏好选择肉质果植物和红色果实植物,分别有12种和8种,各占总数的85.71%和57.14%.不同类型的栖息地中,滇金丝猴粪便排放的种子有所差异,75%的种子被排放至夜栖地,仅有25%被排放至午休地.在夜栖地中,大量完整的蔷薇科植物种子被滇金丝猴排放至冷杉林中,这对于某些阔叶树种子在冷杉林中更新至关重要.本研究初步证实了滇金丝猴作为种子传播者在生态系统植物更新中的重要作用. 相似文献
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《小哥白尼(野生动物画报)》2016,(5)
正金丝猴爸爸要找接班人,动物们纷纷主动请缨。可是,如果它们真的去照顾金丝猴,指不定会发生什么事呢。北极熊心潮澎湃地来到金丝猴爸爸身边后——中暑了!章鱼到来后——渴死了!鼠大王到来后——被金丝猴爸爸赶跑了!葫芦岛杨超越动物们的热情很高,但是它们的表现实在不怎么样:章鱼到陆地上没多久就死了;鼠大王被小猴一屁股压扁了;北极熊把小猴当成玩具耍:猎豹差点把小猴给吞了……深圳史嘉怡饕餮想当金丝猴爸爸的接班人,打算以酷炫的方式出场。于是,当猴子们正在爬树时,突然,地上出现了一张血盆大口。然后,血 相似文献
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川金丝猴(Rhinopithecus roxellana)是我国特有珍稀濒危物种,了解其种群遗传结构和关键影响因素,对该物种的保护具有重要意义。以我国分布最东端的湖北神农架川金丝猴种群为研究对象,基于非损伤性DNA技术和微卫星DNA遗传标记等分子生物学方法及景观遗传参数,探讨了神农架川金丝猴的遗传多样性和遗传结构,旨在为川金丝猴的研究及川金丝猴种群的可持续发展提供理论基础。利用12个多态性微卫星位点,在455份川金丝猴粪便样品中,共检测到62个微卫星等位基因;共鉴定出316个不同川金丝猴个体;种群的平均期望杂合度、平均观察杂合度和多态性信息含量分别为0.626、0.559和0.650;群体间的Nei's遗传距离为0.046—0.139,分化系数为0.015—0.046。结果表明与其他地区川金丝猴种群相比,神农架川金丝猴种群具有较低的遗传多样性水平,种群内部存在遗传分化趋势;结合景观参数分析表明地理距离不是影响神农架川金丝猴群体间遗传距离的主要因素,而生境中的灌丛和草地以及人类活动干扰可能是影响川金丝猴遗传交流的主要因素。 相似文献
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秦岭川金丝猴对高海拔栖息地的某些生理适应 总被引:3,自引:0,他引:3
金丝猴是我国特有的灵长类,也是海拔分布最高(4 167m)的灵长类,从生理生态学角度研究金丝猴怎样适应高寒山区的生活,具有重要的科学意义.依据十几年的研究结果,并结合已发表的相关资料,从消化、呼吸、血液、循环、生殖几个方面探讨了金丝猴的指名亚种——川金丝猴对秦岭高海拔栖息地的适应及适应机制 相似文献
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肺炎衣原体HEP—2培养分离及其抗体的MIF研究 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
肺炎衣原体是一种引起肺炎及呼吸道感染等的新型病原体。本研究采用HEP-2培养从8例呼吸道感染者新鲜痰液中初步分离出肺炎衣原体。此外,采用微量免疫光试验(MIF)对96例呼吸道感染者与48例健康献血员的血清学分析表明:83.4%的患者肺炎衣原体IgG抗体阳性,与对照组比较,统计学上有非常显著差异。提示这些患者呼吸道感染中,肺炎衣原体可能起较大作用。 相似文献
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Kumaki Y Day CW Wandersee MK Schow BP Madsen JS Grant D Roth JP Smee DF Blatt LM Barnard DL 《Biochemical and biophysical research communications》2008,371(1):110-113
The primary targets for SARS-CoV infection are the epithelial cells in the respiratory and intestinal tract. The angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE-2) has been identified as a functional receptor for SARS-CoV. ACE-2 has been shown to be expressed at the apical domain of polarized Calu-3 cells. In this report, interferon alfacon 1 was examined for inhibitory activities against SARS-CoV on human lung carcinoma epithelial Calu-3 cell line and the other three African green monkey kidney epithelial cell lines. Interferon alfacon 1 demonstrated significant antiviral activity in neutral red uptake assay and virus yield reduction assay. The data might provide an important insight into the mechanism of pathogenesis of SARS-CoV allowing further development of antiviral therapies for treating SARS infections. 相似文献
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Mahalingam S Schwarze J Zaid A Nissen M Sloots T Tauro S Storer J Alvarez R Tripp RA 《Microbes and infection / Institut Pasteur》2006,8(1):285-293
Human metapneumovirus (HMPV) is a recently discovered pathogen first identified in respiratory specimens from young children suffering from clinical respiratory syndromes ranging from mild to severe lower respiratory tract illness. HMPV has worldwide prevalence, and is a leading cause of respiratory tract infection in the first years of life, with a spectrum of disease similar to respiratory syncytial virus (RSV). The disease burden associated with HMPV infection has not been fully elucidated; however, studies indicate that HMPV may cause upper or lower respiratory tract illness in patients between ages 2 months and 87 years, may co-circulate with RSV, and HMPV infection may be associated with asthma exacerbation. The mechanisms and effector pathways contributing to immunity or disease pathogenesis following infection are not fully understood; however, given the clinical significance of HMPV, there is a need for a fundamental understanding of the immune and pathophysiological processes that occur following infection to provide the foundation necessary for the development of effective vaccine or therapeutic intervention strategies. This review provides a current perspective on the processes associated with HMPV infection, immunity, and disease pathogenesis. 相似文献
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以湖北神农架国家级自然保护区的川金丝猴人工补食群体为研究对象,利用微卫星遗传标记对该群体的遗传多样性和亲缘关系进行研究,并对其种群的遗传多样性发展趋势进行了预测。结果显示,12个微卫星位点在该补食群体中共检测到50个等位基因,平均观察杂合度和平均期望杂合度分别为0.668和0.630,多态信息含量为0.442-0.696,平均0.567。亲权鉴定中共鉴定出11个父-母-子单元,各单元未有近亲繁殖的状况。亲缘系数结果显示具有亲缘关系的个体对达21.64%,群体平均亲缘系数为0.1108,现6个家庭单元中有两对候选亲本具有亲缘关系,表明该群体存在较高的近交风险。遗传多样性变化趋势的模拟结果表明,种群的数量对遗传多样性的影响比较大,群体中雄雌比例也对遗传多样性的损失有影响;为避免近亲交配,保持群体的遗传多样性水平,建议进一步做好人工补食群金丝猴的个体识别,完善家庭系谱,明确繁殖个体的遗传背景;引入一批有效的建群者来增加种群的数量及优化雄雌的比例。 相似文献
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金丝猴颅骨及牙齿的比较形态研究 总被引:1,自引:1,他引:0
金丝猴(Rhinopithecus roxellanae M.-E.)自从1870年订名以来,对它的研究多限于分类和个体生态习性的观察描述,至于它的形态解剖方面的论述国内几无报道。国外Hooizer(1950)和Swindler(1976)对其牙齿作了简单扼要的描述,前者并在11例川金丝猴头骨中发现一例左侧上颌骨具有P4。这次我们对金丝猴系统的研究过程中,在解剖方面,除了进行各器官系统解剖外,同时还与猕猴、黑叶猴相比较,并对其器官的形态变化和生态生理机能的结合上给以适当注意和解释。 相似文献
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Paul D. Hoeprich 《The Western journal of medicine》1970,112(2):1-8
Decision as to the role of infection in lower respiratory tract disease requires examination by culture of specimens known to be derived from the infra-laryngeal respiratory tract. Methods that involve the upper respiratory tract in collection of specimens entail the hazard of contamination by microbiota resident in the upper respiratory tract.The extrapulmonary approaches of cutting-needle biopsy and needle aspiration of intrathoracic disease have not been impressively productive of etiologic diagnosis of infections. While open-chest surgical biopsy has been a highly effective means to diagnosis, this approach does have special requirements in facilities and technical skills.Percutaneous transtracheal aspiration of tracheo-broncho-pulmonary secretions-exudates has been productive of useful information. Because of inherent simplicity and safety, transtracheal aspiration should precede resort to more demanding, difficult, dangerous procedures. 相似文献
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金丝猴躯干骨及四肢骨的研究 总被引:1,自引:1,他引:0
金丝猴(Rhinopithecus roxellanae Milne-Edwards)仅产我国,是闻名世界的稀有珍贵动物之一。有关金丝猴形态学的研究,国外由于材料之难得而研究甚少,Hill(1966)的《灵长类的比较解剖学和分类学》专著中对金丝猴属亦仅在分类和分布上作了简述;即使国内,以往亦多偏重于外部形态及生态生物学的观察研究,而对其内部系统解剖方面亦报道不多。近年来,我们进行了金丝猴的一些系统解剖工作,本文仅将在研究其躯干骨和四肢骨的基础上,同时与黑叶猴(Presbytis francoisi Pousa-rgues)和猕猴(Macaca mulatta Zimmermann)进行对比,以期阐明其结构特点和与后二者的差异,为丰富其系统形态学的内容积累资料,亦为进一步探讨其分类地位提供依据。 相似文献
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D. K. Katzman A. C. Tipton I. F. Litt I. M. Friedman R. W. Emmons J. Schachter 《The Western journal of medicine》1991,155(2):136-139
Chlamydia pneumoniae has recently been identified as a cause of lower respiratory tract infections. From March 1987 to March 1988, 259 university students-151 students with lower respiratory tract infections and 108 controls-from the University of California, Berkeley, were studied to determine the incidence and pattern of C pneumoniae lower respiratory tract infections. Serologic evidence of a recent C pneumoniae infection was found in less than 2%, and the organism was not isolated from any of the subjects. Despite the paucity of evidence of a recent infection, 47.5% of this university population showed serologic evidence of a previous C pneumoniae infection. The lower incidence of C pneumoniae infection in our population, when compared with previous reports, suggests that there may be geographic and temporal differences or fluctuations among populations. 相似文献