10种冬青属植物遗传多样性RAPD和AFLPs分析

采用RAPD和AFLP技术,对10种冬青属植物基因组进行DNA片段扩增,以研究该属种间遗传多样性.结果表明:在RAPD分析中,通过对100种10个碱基随机引物的筛选,发现11种引物能得到多态性较高扩增产物,11种引物共扩增出301条多态性条带,多态率为98.63%.在AFLP分析中,3对选择性引物组合均扩增出了丰富的多态性片段.利用RAPD和AFLP技术分析,结果按UPGMA类平均法进行聚类,聚类结果显示冬青和代茶冬青,木姜冬青和浙江冬青以及光枝刺缘冬青与毛枝三花冬青之间的亲缘关系最近.     

60份优质番茄自交系遗传多样性AFLP分析

本文以AFLP技术对60份优质番茄自交系的遗传多样性进行了分析。17对AFLP引物组合共扩增得到905条带,其中多态性条带251条,平均每对引物检测到约15个多态性位点,平均多态率为27.7%;仅用E7M4和E7M10两对引物组合就可以绘制60份番茄自交系的指纹图谱。60个自交系间的Jaccard遗传相似系数变幅为0.259-0.952,平均值为0.664。采用UPGMA方法聚类,遗传相似系数变幅为0.54-0.57时,60份番茄材料可以划分为7个类群。聚类结果与来源、果实大小、果形等性状未表现出明显的相关性。     

青藏高原青稞品种醇溶蛋白的遗传多样性

利用A-PAGE（acid-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis）法对来自中国青藏高原地区67份青稞品种进行了醇溶蛋白位点的遗传多样性研究。共分离出29条相对迁移率不同的条带,多态性为100％。所有材料在Ⅰ、Ⅱ和Ⅲ醇溶蛋白位点分别发现了36、46和7种等位变异类型,总变异数以四川材料为最高,甘肃材料为最少,等位变异类型频率在地区间的分布存在显著或极显著差异。4个青稞群体醇溶蛋白Ⅰ、Ⅱ位点的遗传多样性均略大于Ⅲ位点的遗传多样性,4个地区材料的平均遗传多样性无显著性差异。聚类分析结果表明,67份材料可分成A、B、C、D、E、F、G和H8类,材料聚类与其生长的地区有明显的相关性。     

盐肤木基因组DNA提取方法改进及AFLP体系的建立

经过反复试验,摸索出一种提取高质量植物基因组DNA的方法:改良的4×CTAB法.以盐肤木叶片为实验材料,提取到高质量的基因组DNA,建立了酶切、连接、预扩增、选择性扩增的AFLP反应体系.通过两种引物组合"E+3/M+3"和"E+2/M+3"策略筛选出8对条带分辨率高、多态性好的引物组合,优化了盐肤木的AFLP银染反应...     

省藤属11种棕榈藤亲缘关系的AFLP分析

分别对棕榈科11种省藤属植物的基因组总DNA进行EcoRⅠ+TaqⅠ与EcoRⅠ+PstⅠ限制性双酶切,采用AFLP标记技术分析其亲缘关系.用12对引物对11种棕榈藤的30个代表植株进行选择性扩增,共得到扩增谱带998条,其中多态条带981条,多态性带达98.3%.用MEGA 4.0软件中p-distance计算结果显示,11种棕榈藤30份样本间的遗传距离在0.050～0.391之间,平均为0.297;当遗传距离为0.15时,11种棕榈藤可聚为4个组;第Ⅰ组包括直立省藤、滇南省藤、杖藤、小省藤、勐腊鞭藤、长鞭藤、褐鞘省藤共7个种,第Ⅱ组仅有云南省藤1个种,第Ⅲ组由宽刺藤和泽生藤2个种构成,第Ⅳ组仅含省藤一种,可能为新种.AFLP检测结果表明,以形态特征为依据所划分的鞭轴亚属(Rhachicirrus)植物单独聚为一类;而原始省藤亚属(Protocalamus)和省藤亚属(Calamus)两个亚属的物种在整个聚类图上互相交叉渗透,各亚属植物未能独立成组;省藤亚属植物种之间遗传分化程度较高.因此,省藤属植物之间的亲缘关系和分亚属的标准、依据还需更深入地研究.     

26种冬青属植物遗传多样性分析

以26种冬青属植物种质资源为研究材料,利用RAPD和AFLP技术对基因组DNA进行扩增,以研究其物种间遗传多样性以及亲缘关系.结果表明:在RAPD分析中,从400条10个碱基的寡核苷酸引物中筛选出反应稳定、扩增性强、重复性好的引物20个,共扩增出312条多态性条带,多态率为95.41%;聚类分析显示26种冬青属植物间,布利奥特夫人枸骨叶冬青和黄果在AFLP分析中,10对选择性引物组合均扩增出了丰富的多态性片段,共扩增出350条谱带,其中336条具有多态性,占95.96%.综合RAPD和AFLP聚类结果,枸骨、无刺枸骨和日拉斯纳尔逊枸骨的亲缘关系较近,钝齿冬青、金宝石钝齿冬青和龟甲冬青三者的亲缘关系较近,可为冬青属植物的杂交育种与种质创新提供理论依据.     

猕猴桃属16个雄性材料遗传多样性的ISSR分析

利用ISSR分子标记对雄性猕猴桃16个材料进行遗传多样性分析。从100条引物中筛选出10条引物用于ISSR扩增,共扩增出172条带,其中多态性条带140条,多态性百分率为81.4%;经POPGENE 1.32软件分析结果显示,16个雄性猕猴桃材料的遗传距离在0.1503~0.5128之间,平均Nei's基因多样性指数(H)为0.2416,平均Shannon信息指数(I)为0.4048;聚类分析结果显示,在遗传相似系数为0.64处可将供试材料分成4类,第Ⅰ类为中华和美味猕猴桃,第Ⅱ类为阔叶、毛花猕猴桃,第Ⅲ类为魁绿猕猴桃,第Ⅳ类为四萼猕猴桃。结果表明ISSR可用于雄性猕猴桃遗传多样性研究,该研究结果可为猕猴桃种质资源的进一步开发利用提供重要信息。     

基于SRAP标记的山药种质资源遗传多样性分析

目的:研究我国山药种质资源遗传多样性,为合理利用资源和开展选育种工作提供理论依据。方法:以国内94份山药种质资源为材料,采用SRAP标记并通过NTSYS2.10软件进行SHAN聚类分析、PROJECTION主成分分析;利用POPGENE软件估算遗传多样性参数。结果:从49对SRAP引物中筛选出30对能产生稳定清晰可辨的扩增产物的引物,共扩增出754条DNA带,其中多态性条带616条,占总条带的81.7%。聚类结果表明:当遗传相似系数(GS)为0.822时,可将94份资源分为5类:第Ⅰ类20份、第Ⅱ类43份、第Ⅲ类7份、第Ⅳ类3份、第Ⅴ类21份。第Ⅰ、Ⅱ、Ⅲ、Ⅴ类分别为薯蓣、褐苞薯蓣、山薯和参薯。主成分分析结果显示:第一与第二主成分可解释88.34%(82.10%和6.24%)的遗传总变异。遗传多样性参数分析表明:比较5个遗传多样性参数值,5个群体的遗传多样性水平表现为Ⅰ>Ⅴ>Ⅲ>Ⅱ>Ⅳ,第Ⅰ类(薯蓣)遗传多样性水平高;山药遗传群体间遗传分化系数为51.88%,大部分差异存在于群体之间,群体间遗传分化高。结论:山药种质资源丰富且群体遗传分化高,有利于山药新品种的选育。SRAP标记可有效应用于山药种质资源的鉴别和遗传多样性分析。通过DNA指纹鉴定技术鉴别山药品种具有重要性与紧迫性。     

利用苹果EST-SSR分析木瓜属种质遗传多样性北大核心CSCD

利用苹果属的EST-SSR标记对33份木瓜种质资源进行遗传多样性研究,以分析引物在木瓜属中的通用性。筛选出15对引物进行PCR扩增,其中9对引物显示多态性,共扩增出71条带,其中多态性条带59条,多态性条带比率83.10%,并且可成功区分不同种。PIC多态性信息含量平均值为0.45,Nei’s基因多样性(H)、Shannon指数(I)的平均值分别为0.45、0.71。根据EST-SSR数据的UPGMA聚类分析将材料分为五大类,木瓜属的不同基原样本各聚为一支,能很好地将5个种植物区分,显示出单系性。研究结果表明,苹果属的EST-SSR标记在木瓜属上具有高度的可转移性,可应用于木瓜属植物的资源评价及遗传关系研究。     

用ISSR标记检测黄麻野生种与栽培种遗传多样性

利用ISSR标记对黄麻属((Corchorus)10个种27份材料的遗传多样性进行分析,25个ISSR引物共扩增出283条带,平均每个引物扩增出10．48条带,多态性条带比例(PPB)为92．85％;种间遗传相似系数在0．33～0．97之间。表现出丰富的遗传多样性．系统聚类结果显示,第I、Ⅲ类群均为黄麻属8个种11份原始野生种,种间存在丰富的遗传多样性;第Ⅱ类群为黄麻两个栽培种及其近缘野生种,共16份材料。种遗传相似性较高;基因组聚类结果与经典分类相符．利用分子标记技术研究初步可以认为。荨麻叶种为最原始的黄麻野生种之一;三室种21C为三室种的一个变种;甜麻为一个尚待定性的野生种．同组材料的RAPD和ISSR分析结果,具有较高的相似性和可信度．     

Hybridization in the section Mentha (Lamiaceae) inferred from AFLP markers

The amplified fragment length polymorphism (AFLP) method was used to evaluate genetic diversity and to assess genetic relationships within the section Mentha in order to clarify the taxonomy of several interspecific mint hybrids with molecular markers. To this end, genetic diversity of 62 Mentha accessions from different geographic origins, representing five species and three hybrids, was assessed. Three EcoRI/MseI AFLP primer combinations generated an average of 40 AFLP markers per primer combination, ranging in size from 50 to 500 base pairs (bp). The percentage of markers polymorphic ranged from 50% to 60% across all accessions studied. According to phenetic and cladistic analysis, the 62 mint accessions were grouped into two major clusters. Principal coordinates analysis separated species into well-defined groups, and clear relationships between species and hybrids could be described. Our AFLP analysis supports taxonomic classification established among Mentha species by conventional (morphological, cytological, and chemical) methods. It allows the assessment of phenetic relationships between species and the hybrids M. spicata and M. × piperita, largely cultivated all over the world for their menthol source, and provides new insights into the subdivision of M. spicata, based for the first time on molecular markers.     

桃AFLP技术体系的优化及集群分离分析研究

在以桃为试材,优化AFLP技术体系及集群分离分析的研究中。研究得出：(1)高质量的基因组DNA、预扩增及选择性扩增模板的适宜浓度足影响分析结果的重要因素;(2)预扩增引物可选择E O／M O或E O／M 1组合。对扩增条带数的影响不显著;(3)选择性扩增引物组合E 2／M 3、E 3／M 3均适合桃基因组比较研究。但从揭示的多态性来说还是前者较高;(4)组建近等基因池的个体数将影响标记的筛选效率,试验叶中由6株个体组成的近等基因池较适宜多态性片段的筛选。     

Chromosomal location of AFLP markers in common wheat utilizing nulli-tetrasomic stocks.

Amplified fragment length polymorphism (AFLP) markers with a total of 256 EcoRI + ANN - MseI + CNN primer combinations were investigated employing the common wheat cultivar Triticum aestivum 'Chinese Spring.' On average, 103 fragments per primer combination were amplified, ranging from a maximum of 226 fragments to a minimum of 18 fragments. The primer combinations E + AAA - M + CNN and E + ATT - M + CNN produced very few distinct fragments. By using 15 randomly chosen EcoRI + ANN - MseI + CNN primer combinations, 928 AFLP markers were allocated to wheat chromosomes, of which 131 were assigned to specific chromosome arms. These AFLP markers were locus-specific and randomly distributed on the different chromosomes. In addition, 6 and 41 AFLP markers were simultaneously absent in two nulli-tetrasomics (NTs) of both homoeologous and non-homoeologous groups, respectively, whereas additional fragments were detected in N1BT1A, N5AT5D, and N6BT6A lines.     

Genetic relationships of Aglaonema species and cultivars inferred from AFLP markers

BACKGROUND AND AIMS: Aglaonema is an important ornamental foliage plant genus, but genetic relationships among its species and cultivars have not been reported. This study analysed genetic relatedness of 54 cultivars derived from nine species using amplified fragment length polymorphism (AFLP) markers. METHODS: Initially, 48 EcoRI + 2/MseI + 3 primer set combinations were screened, from which six primer sets that showed clear scoreable and highly polymorphic fragments were selected and used for AFLP reactions. AFLP fragments were scored and entered into a binary data matrix as discrete variables. Jaccard's coefficient of similarity was calculated for all pair-wise comparisons among the 54 cultivars, and a dendrogram was constructed by the unweighted pair-group method using the arithmetic average (UPGMA). KEY RESULTS: The number of AFLP fragments generated per primer set ranged from 59 to 112 with fragment sizes varying from 50 to 565 bp. A total of 449 AFLP fragments was detected, of which 314 were polymorphic (70 %). All cultivars were clearly differentiated by their AFLP fingerprints. The 54 cultivars were divided into seven clusters; cultivars within each cluster generally share similar morphological characteristics. Cluster I contains 35 cultivars, most of them are interspecific hybrids developed mainly from A. commutatum, A. crispum or A. nitidum. However, Jaccard's similarity coefficients among these hybrids are 0.84 or higher, suggesting that these popular hybrid cultivars are genetically much closer than previously thought. This genetic similarity may imply that A. nitidum and A. crispum are likely progenitors of A. commutatum. CONCLUSIONS: Results of this study demonstrate the efficiency and ease of using AFLP markers for investigating genetic relationships of ornamental foliage plants, a group usually propagated vegetatively. The AFLP markers developed will help future Aglaonema cultivar identification, germplasm conservation and new cultivar development.     

Simplified amplified-fragment length polymorphism method for genotyping Mycobacterium tuberculosis isolates

A simplified amplified-fragment length polymorphism (AFLP) method was developed and applied to genotype 52 Mycobacterium tuberculosis isolates. This method can be carried out using only one restriction enzyme (XhoI), one double strand adapter, and one PCR primer. The amounts of DNA and DNA polymerase, and the concentrations of primer and Mg²⁺ in the PCR step were optimized using the Basic Sequential Simplex method. AFLP analysis of the isolates generated a total of 24 differently sized bands ranging from 1537 to 121 bp, and 52 different band patterns, with a minimum of 2 and a maximum of 13 bands. The results were compared with the well-established IS6110 restriction fragment length polymorphism (IS6110-RFLP) typing method, which rendered a total of 32 differently sized bands from 1 to 12 kbp, and 52 different band patterns, with a minimum of 3 and a maximum of 15 bands. Therefore, both genotyping methods showed a discriminatory power of samples of 100%. Nevertheless, pairwise comparisons of the 1326 similarity indexes calculated for both typing methods showed a total absence of correlation between the similarity indexes of the two methods. The simplified AFLP method is expected to be more useful for genotyping M. tuberculosis isolates compared to the IS6110-RFLP method, since the former evaluates genetic variations throughout the M. tuberculosis genome. Furthermore, the relatively rapid and low-cost simplified AFLP method compares favorably to the IS6110-RFLP or conventional AFLP methods, and shows great promise for genotyping M. tuberculosis isolates, especially in developing countries or for preliminary screening.     

石斛SSR标记的开发及可转移性分析

当前已开发的石斛（Dendrobium）SSR标记仅100余对,难以满足研究的需要。为开发更多石斛分子标记,本研究通过生物信息学方法从公共核酸数据库搜索石斛SSR。结果表明,GenBank收录的3599条石斛DNA序列经拼接获得1343条Uni—DNA序列。经搜索,共检测出283个SSR,分布于205条Uni—DNA序列,平均每2815bp含一个SSR。通过序列比对,剔除86条已开发引物的SSR—DNA序列,从剩余的119条序列设计76对引物,并在石斛属32个种间进行可转移性分析,结果显示47对引物得到有效扩增,种间可转移率为51．1％N95．7％,平均为75．9％。有效扩增引物中有46对在石斛种间具多态性,检测出等位基因数2～8个,平均4．0个。选取10对多态性引物扩增60份铁皮石斛资源,每对引物检测出等位基因数2～5个,平均3．4个。根据SSR扩增带型将60份铁皮石斛资源聚为5大类,同一类型内的表型较类群间接近。对DMl21扩增产物测序表明铁皮石斛种内的SSR等位变异由SSR重复次数差异造成,而石斛种间的SSR等位变异还包含SSR位点侧翼序列的插入缺失以及替换。     

Genetic diversity analysis and conservation of the endangered Chinese endemic herb Dendrobium officinale Kimura et Migo (Orchidaceae) based on AFLP

Dendrobium officinale is a critically endangered perennial herb endemic to China. Determining the levels of genetic diversity and patterns of population genetic structure of this species would assist in its conservation and management. Data of 12 populations were used to assess its genetic diversity and population structure, employing the method of amplified fragment length polymorphism (AFLP). A high level of genetic diversity was detected (H (E) = 0.269) with POPGENE. As revealed by AMOVA analysis, there was moderate variation between pairs of populations with Phi(ST) values ranging from 0.047 to 0.578 and on average 26.97% of the genetic variation occurred among populations. Three main clusters were shown in UPGMA dendrogram using TFPGA, which is consistent with the result of principal coordinate ananlysis (PCO) using NTSYS. Keeping a stable environment is critical for the in situ conservation and management of this rare and endangered plant, and for ex situ conservation it is important to design an integrated germplasm bank.     

用扩增片段的长度多态性分子标记探讨盾叶薯蓣的遗传多样性

用扩增片段的长度多态性(amplified fragment length polymorphism,AFLP)标记分析研究了中国5个盾叶薯蓣居群30个个体的遗传多样性。筛选出9对AFLP引物,从中检测到14698条清晰可见的条带,其中多态性带12628条,多态性比率85.92%。Shannon信息指数(I)为0.3656±0.1721,物种水平的Nei基因多样性(H)为0.2322±0.2200。遗传变异分析表明,物种水平的遗传分化系数Gst为0.4827,说明其群体间存在一定的遗传分化,居群间的基因流Nm为0.5358,居群间遗传交换较小。聚类分析结果显示5个居群盾叶薯蓣有较为丰富的遗传变异,且与地理分布有相关性。     

Larval identification of Lutjanus Bloch in Nansha coral reefs by AFLP molecular method

Species of Lutjanus Bloch are highly valued fish in some fisheries of the world and some species are cultured in the Southeast Asia especially in South China. Wild larvae are still the major source of mariculture in South China because artificial breeding techniques for most Lutjanus species have not yet been available. The Nansha coral reefs (also called Spratly Archipelago) water area, which is located in the South China Sea, is the main habitat and spawn area for Lutjanus in China. Larval identification of Lutjanus is important for relative ecological studies and mariculture, but larvae of many closely related species, such as those of the genus Lutjanus, are different to be distinguished morphologically. In the present study, a PCR-based fingerprinting technique called amplified fragment length polymorphism AFLP was used in the characterization and identification of 11 Lutjanus species captured in Nansha coral reefs. Optimal AFLP patterns were obtained with primer combination of E+AGC/M+CAA selective nucleotides. There were in total 132 AFLP loci in all specimens, and AFLP markers of each species varied from 44 to 69, but only 7 markers were fixed in all specimens. Meanwhile, high levels of intraspecific homogeneity were observed. All 11 species of Lutjanus were successfully identified by the comparative analyses of AFLP patterns. Moreover, neighbour-joining and UPGMA analyses of AFLP data were compared with current morphological taxonomic systems.