相反相成药物治疗马骡结症的理论探讨

“对立统一规律是宇宙的根本规律。”动物体是完整统一的有机体,其各系统、各器官的机能活动是矛盾的,对立的,同时又是统一的。心脏的跳动,肺脏的呼吸,肌肉的伸缩,胃肠的蠕动等,都是由相互联系、相互制约的对立统一的活动完成的。在这些活动当中,神经系统起着主要的调节作用。中枢神经系统是支配全身活动的中枢,而内脏器官的活动是由相对自主的植     

云南一些植物特征成分与古夷平面的相关性

生理生态学的原则是随着纬度的升高,物种分布的海拔高度将随之降低。但是,云南一些植物特征成分的分布却与之相反,它们的分布与云南残留的古夷平面的分布相似,即随着纬度的升高,其分布的海拔高度也随之升高。二者的区别是云南古夷平面分布的趋势线的仰角大于那些特征成分分布的趋势线的仰角。可能的原因是：相对于剧烈的地质运动,物种的适应能力总是相对滞后的,并且物种的分布也受到其生长特性的制约;根据分布区形成的原则,这些成分的发生应早于夷平面的隆起。     

自然和热凝固的人肝组织对KTP/YAG激光的光学特性的比较研究

本文采用双积分球测量系统和Inverse Add ing-Doub ling方法,研究了自然和热凝固的人肝组织对532nm的KTP激光和1 064 nm的Nd:YAG激光的光学特性。结果表明:热凝固的人肝组织对532 nm的KTP激光的吸收系数较自然的肝组织的吸收系数增大了23.5%(P<0.05),热凝固的肝组织对1 064 nm的Nd:YAG激光的吸收系数较自然的肝组织的吸收系数减小了34.3%(P<0.05)。热凝固的人肝组织对532 nm的KTP激光的散射系数较自然的肝组织的散射系数增大了4.50倍(P<0.05),热凝固的肝组织对1 064 nm的Nd:YAG激光的散射系数较自然的肝组织的散射系数增大了6.41倍(P<0.05)。热凝固的人肝组织对532 nm的KTP激光的各向异性因子较自然的肝组织的各向异性因子减小了5.47%,热凝固的肝组织对1 064 nm的Nd:YAG激光的各向异性因子较自然的肝组织的各向异性因子减小了1.95%。     

学案导学在高中生物教学中的应用

制作学案的过程,就是老师理解通透所传授的知识的前提下,阅读大量的相关的资料,根据学生的认知水平与知识的积累能力,为指导学生进行主动的知识建构而编制的学习方案,以便积极引导和帮助学生的自主学习的能力进行探究思索的方案。高中生物的教学研究问题,通过学案的方式向学生传授知识,是教师在教学理论与学习标准的指导下对高中生物的教学所提高的一个新层次。     

植物保护与农业可持续发展关系探究

随着社会的发展经济的进步我国在各个领域的发展上都得到了相应的提升,从农业的发展情况来看,由于我国在科学技术上进步故此在农业的发展上也取得了重大的成效,但是在农业发展的过程中也出现了一些严重的问题,就是对于化学药品的使用所造成的农产品的污染以及环境的污染。本文主要针对当前的一些植物保护的现状进行阐述,并对植物保护和农业的可持续发展间的关系进行了详细的分析探究,希望能够在此领域的学术发展起到一定的参考作用。     

浅谈果树病虫害综合防治技术研究

在我国的农业生产的过程中,对于果树的病虫害综合防治是农业生产效益的根本保障,我国是一个农业大国,尤其是在我国的北方,果树的栽培更是有着悠久的历史,在近些年中由于技术的进步果树的品种更新的速度也在不断的加快,但是随之而来的就是果树的病虫害的问题,它对于果树的影响非常的大,直接在经济上给果农带来严重的损失,为了能够让果农的经济效益得到保障,对于果树的病虫害防治就显得极为重要。本文主要是对东北地区的果树病虫害的现状进行简要的分析,并对果树病虫害的综合防治技术进行研究找出适当的对策,希望能有所裨益。     

浅析如何做好基层林业站的工作

在当前的形势下,我国的林业建设工作也是需要及时的调整发展方案,以此来适应新时代的发展的,要由传统的林业建设模式逐渐的向现代化的方向发展。从某种程度上来说,基层林业站的微观变化也会对林业建设的发展方向的宏观调整产生直接的影响,因此,要结合科学发展的建设理念,来指导林业站的工作,以此来促进林业的健康建设。文章主要阐述基层林业站的作用,主要是为更好的发挥基层林业站的效用服务的。     

植物生理学研究与四化建设

一、植物生理学面临的挑战作为植物学的一个重要分支的植物生理学经过百余年的发展对植物生命活动的基本规律及其与环境的关系的了解取得了长足的进展,也对人类的生产活动起了巨大的促进作用。例如化学肥料及生长调节剂与除草剂的大规模应用,细胞全能性的发现及利用等。但与现代自然科学体系日新月异的进步相比植物生理学则象百舸竞渡中的一叶扁舟,面临着严峻的挑战。近年分子生物学和遗传学的飞速进步,各种物理化学检测手段的应用及检测精度的提高,使植物生理学的机理的探索必须建立在分子生物学的基础上并相应地使用精确的检测手段,例如植物激素乙烯的发现及其生物合成与作用机理的研究,就是建     

探讨中日环境管理存在的差异以及解决对策

环境状况的好与坏通常决定着一个国家的综合国力的强与弱。近几年来,随着社会的发展,环境方面的问题越来越多,各个国家对于环境问题的解决方法以及管理方式各有千秋,同时各个国家对于环境问题的管理也都十分的重视。而其中,日本环境的管理是开始于20世纪中期的,从20世纪中期到现在,短短的这一段时间中,日本的环境管理出现出人意料的成功,不仅创造了防治产业污染的奇迹,同时也形成了一套相对完成的管理体制以及丰富多彩的管理模式。与日本不同的是,我国的环境管理方面尚且存在一定的问题。本文将结合中日环境管理方面存在的差异探讨中国的环境管理存在的问题的解决对策。     

正常微生物群是一个新的人体生理学系统

1　前言微生态学的发展 ,现在已把微生物的作用 ,从主要是致病作用的观点转移到主要是生理作用的观点。这种观点的转变是经过 10 0多年的学术研究和科学发展才取得的。在 2 0世纪经过无菌动物的饲养、厌氧培养技术的进步和现代分子生物学、基因工程学的研究终于完成了微生态学向新的更高阶段的转变。这就是微生物的研究以致病性为主的时代转向以生理性为主的时代。要确定一门新学科的诞生日期是很难的。一门新学科的定义也是逐渐形成的 ,要经过科研成果不断积累才能逐渐完善。正常微生物群的生理作用的提出是很早的 ,至少要推衍到 19世纪的…     

Levels of linoleic acid and saturated and monounsaturated fatty acids in selected lipid fractions of the serum and platelets in patients with coronary arterial disease

The levels of serum fatty acids in the serum and in the serum fractions of cholesterol esters (ECH) and triglycerides (TG) and the levels of these acids in these fractions of platelets were compared in healthy controls and in patients with clinically manifested coronary arterial disease. Decreased level of linoleic acid was found in the serum and in the ECH fraction of the serum in the patients, with a rise in the level of palmitic acid in the ECH fraction of the serum of these patients. The level of linoleic acid in the ECH and TG platelet fractions in these patients was not different from that in the healthy controls, while in the platelet TG fraction of the patients the level of palmitoleic acid was raised, and the level of oleic acid was increased in the platelet ECH fraction.     

Protein synthesis in skeletal muscle of the perfused rat hemicorpus compared with rates in the intact animal.

The rate of protein synthesis was measured in muscles of the perfused rat hemicorpus, and values were compared with rates obtained in whole animals. In gastrocnemius muscle of fed rats the rate of synthesis measured in the hemicorpus was the same as that in the whole animal. However, in plantaris, quadriceps and soleus muscles rates were higher in the hemicorpus than those in vivo. In the hemicorpus, starvation for 1 day decreased the rate of protein synthesis in gastrocnemius and plantaris muscles, in parallel with decreases in the RNA content, but the soleus remained unaffected. Similar effects of starvation were observed in vivo, so that the relationships between rates in vivo and in the hemicorpus were the same as those in fed rats. Proteins of quadriceps and plantaris muscles were separated into sarcoplasmic and myofibrillar fractions. The rate of synthesis in the sarcoplasmic fraction of the hemicorpus from fed rats was similar to that in vivo, but synthesis in the myofibrillar fraction was greater. In the plantaris of starved rats the rates of synthesis in both fractions were lower, but the relationships between rates measured in vivo and in the perfused hemicorpus were similar to those seen in fed rats. The addition of insulin to the perfusate of the hemicorpus prepared from 1-day-starved animals increased the rates of protein synthesis per unit of RNA in gastrocnemius and plantaris muscles to values above those seen in fed animals when measured in vivo or in the hemicorpus. Insulin had no effect on the soleus. Overall, the rates of protein synthesis in the hemicorpus differed from those in vivo. However, the effect of starvation when measured in the whole animal was very similar to that measured in the isolated rat hemicorpus when insulin was omitted from the perfusate.     

Role of calcium in secretion of chorionic gonadotropin by first trimester human placenta.

The role of calcium in regulation of secretion of human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG) by first trimester human placental minces in vitro has been investigated. Depletion of calcium in the medium by addition of EGTA resulted in a drastic decrease in the levels of immunoreactive hCG in the medium with consequent of accumulation of hCG in the tissue. Addition of A 23187 which is a calcium ionophore resulted in a dose dose dependent increase in the hCG in the medium and this stimulatory response could not be observed in the absence of calcium. Use of lanthanum (a calcium antagonist) in place of calcium in the medium used resulted in a significant decrease in the levels of hCG in the medium. Addition of veratridine (a sodium channel activator) stimulated hCG secretion in a dose dependent manner. These results suggest that calcium is essential for normal secretion of hCG by human placenta.     

Apoptosis and related proteins in placenta of intrauterine fetal death in prostaglandin f receptor-deficient mice

The present study investigated whether the increase of apoptosis in the placenta is associated with intrauterine fetal death in prostaglandin F receptor-deficient mice. Apoptosis was demonstrated within placental and decidual tissue by the TUNEL method. The majority of apoptosis was found in syncytiotrophoblast tissues. Enhanced TUNEL-positive staining in the syncytiotrophoblast layer was scattered in the placental tissues in clusters of apoptotic cells in the death group. Marked TUNEL-positive cells were identified in decidua of both groups. The rate of apoptosis in the placenta and decidua in the death group was higher than that in the survival group (P < 0.05). Immunohistochemical analysis showed that the level of active caspase-3 protein expression in the placenta in the death group was much higher than that in the survival group. The level of Bcl-2 protein expression in the placenta in the death group was much lower than that in the survival group. Western blot analysis demonstrated that increased expression of the active form of caspase-3 was detected in the placenta and decidua in the death group compared with that in the survival group. In contrast, a decrease in the expression of Bcl-2 was detected in the placenta and decidua in the death group compared with that in the survival group. Enhanced expression of Bax:Bcl-2 ratio was detected in placenta and decidua in the death group compared with that in the survival group. Thus, significantly increased apoptosis in the mouse placenta and decidua might be involved in the pathophysiologic mechanism of intrauterine fetal death.     

The fatty acid composition of the tissues of streptozotocin-diabetic rats

The authors studied acute changes in the fatty acid composition of the tissues of streptozotocin-diabetic rats. They found that streptozotocin diabetes led to changes in the total lipids fatty acid spectrum in serum and in tissues (liver, adipose tissue, renal cortex diaphragm). After only 7 days' diabetes there was an increase in the percentual proportion of saturated fatty acids and a decrease in the amount of polyene fatty acids in the serum and in all the above tissue of diabetic animals. Palmitic acid (16:0) participated in the increase in the proportion of saturated fatty acids in all the given tissues, while stearic acid (18:0) played a role in the increase in the renal cortex and the serum. Among the monoene acids, there was a drop in the proportion of palmitoleic acid (16:1) in the adipose tissue and serum and in the amount of oleic acid (18:1) in the renal cortex, liver and muscle. Linoleic acid (18:2) played a role in the decrease in the proportion of polyene acids in all the given tissues and the serum, while arachidonic acid (20:4) was involved in the drop in the renal cortex, liver and muscle. The results show that diabetes leads to changes in the fatty acid composition of the renal cortex and muscle, as well as of the liver and adipose tissue. At present it is not yet clear whether there is an absolute decrease in the proportion of essential fatty acids, or whether diabetes is characterized by an increase in the amount of lipids in both serum and tissues.     

Natural incidence of interruptions in the internal elastic lamina of caudal and renal arteries of the rat

Interruptions in the internal elastic lamina (IEL) have been quantified by light microscopy in the caudal arteries of different strains of rats and in caudal and renal arteries of (i) male and female virgin rats up until 2 years of age, (ii) repeatedly bred rats and (ii) hypertensive rats. Results showed that gaps in the IEL exist in caudal arteries of adult males in all strains studied, but to a lesser extent in the hairless mutant. In the virgin Wistar rat these interruptions in the IEL form with age in both caudal and renal arteries, and are more numerous (i) in the male than in the female in both arteries, and (ii) in the caudal than in the renal artery in both sexes. Repeated breeding in the Wistar rat abolishes the sex difference in incidence of IEL gaps in both renal and caudal arteries. The Sprague-Dawley breeder rat is more susceptible than the Wistar breeder to their formation in the renal artery. Hypertension in the male consistently increases the formation of IEL gaps in the renal but not in the caudal artery. The importance of local factors, e.g. hemodynamics, in the formation of these defects in the IEL, and their possible relationship with the development of arteriosclerosis is discussed.     

Neuroactive steroids in the brain and age and sex specificity of behavior and anxiety: An experimental study

Changes in the brain’s neuroactive steroid levels, behavior in the open field, and the anxious-phobic status of male and female rats in the course of development have been studied. An increase in the motor and exploratory activity and emotionality in rats of both sexes in the pubertal period and a decrease in their values in mature and old animals have been detected. Anxiety has no sexual dimorphism in adult animals; it is significantly higher in males than in females in the prepubertal and pubertal periods of development and is higher in old females than in males of the same age. An increase in the level of corticosterone in some brain structures in maturing and old rats has been found; the testosterone concentration increases in one-month-old and adult animals but decreases in old individuals, while the estradiol concentration in all studied brain structures of male and female rats was low in all periods of postnatal life. Correlation analysis has shown modulation by steroid hormones of the changes in behavioral responses during development.     

Effect of ionizing radiation on the synthetic activity of blood system cells in ground squirrels in different physiological states of animals

The functional (synthetic) activity of blood lymphocytes and bone marrow haemopoietic cells in ground squirrels during the annual cycle as well as in hibernating and awaken animals in winter have been studied by fluorescent microspectrometry. The effect of ionizing radiation on animals in different functional states of the hibernation-arousal bout was investigated too. It was shown that the synthetic activity (parameter alpha) in blood lymphocytes was minimal in hibernating state in winter and maximal in active euthermic spring animals, then slightly decreased in June and more considerably decreased in the prehibernating autumn period. In awake animals in winter, the values of parameter alpha reached the same values as in summer. The changes of parameter alpha in bone marrow haemopoietic cells were essentially the same: the minimal values were observed in the prehibernation autumn period and in awake animals in winter the alpha values were slightly higher than in active euthermic animals in summer. The maximal synthetic activity in bone marrow haemopoietic cells in active euthermic spring animals is due mainly to cells in G1-G2 phases of the cell cycle. The decrease of the synthetic activity in summer is a result of the cell transition from G2 to mitosis and transition of a part of cells to G0 When investigating the hibernation-arousal bout in ground squirrels in winter, during arousal, we found two stages considerably differing in both the values of parameter alpha in bone marrow haemopoietic cells and the number of blood cells. The synthetic activity and the total number of blood and bone marrow cells in ground squirrels irradiated in the state of deep hibernation did not differ significantly from the state of non-irradiated hibernating animals. The negative effect of radiation appeared upon the arousal of these animals but it was expressed to a lesser degree in comparison with the animals irradiated in the active state. It was found that the acute irradiation of animals during arousal from hibernation in the second stage caused the most pronounced functional inactivation and cell death. The physiological state of ground squirrels subjected to ionizing irradiation at different phases of the hibernation-arousal bout plays a determining role in the changes of the qualitative and quantitative characteristics of blood system cells. Thus, the hypometabolic state of ground squirrels in hibernation is a factor of protection from the action of ionizing radiation on the organism and the immune system.     

Comparison of glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase activity in healthy and atretic follicles in rat ovary

Changes in the glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase activity have been determined in relation to atresia of Graafian follicles in the rat ovary. Induction of atresia in follicles either due to absence of hCG in the hormonally stimulated immature ovaries or by repeated injections of pentobarbitone sodium to proestrous rats caused significant rise in the enzyme activity. Measurement of enzyme activity in isolated follicular compartments of healthy and atretic follicles revealed that it is significantly higher in the thecal tissue than the granulosa. Increase in enzyme activity in the atretic follicles than the healthy ones occurs due to its rise both in theca and granulosa cells. The significance of these changes in the enzyme activity in healthy and atretic follicles are discussed in relation to the precocious luteinization of cells in the follicular envelope with the onset of atresia.     

Circadian rhythmic changes in the lipid composition of muscles in kilka <Emphasis Type="Italic">Clupeonella cultriventris</Emphasis> (Clupeidae,clupeiformes) during natural periodicity of feeding in the feeding and spawning periods in the Rybinsk Reservoir

According to data of observations in 2002–2004, differences in the pattern of diurnal fluctuations in the total content and fractional composition of lipids in muscles of mature specimens of kilka Clupeonella cultriventris from the Rybinsk Reservoir in the feeding and spawning periods were revealed. It was established that the feeding intensity in kilka considerably changes throughout 24 h in both periods of the annual cycle, while diurnal fluctuations in the fatness of muscles are distinctly manifested only in the reproductive period and have a dissimilar pattern in specimens of different sexes. In females and males, they are determined mainly by the change in the content of the fraction of reserve lipids-triacylglycerols, as a rule, by its increase in the light hours of the day, several hours after an increase in the feeding activity of fish. The pattern of diurnal fluctuations of the level of lipid fractions (phospholipids, triacylglycerols, cholesterol, and its ethers) in kilka’s muscles differs from that in the feeding period. Possible causes of the change of diurnal variations of the considered indices of lipid metabolism in kilka at an increase in the endocrine activity of its body in the reproductive period is discussed.