2709例泌尿生殖道支原体培养及耐药性分析

目的对门诊2 709例病例的支原体培养标本进行泌尿生殖道解脲脲原体(Ureaplasma urealyticum,Uu)与人型支原体(Mycoplasma hominis,Mh)感染情况及耐药性的分析,为临床的诊断及治疗提供参考依据。方法采用商品化试剂盒对2 709例标本进行Uu、Mh半定量培养及药物敏感试验。结果 2 709例标本中总阳性率为56.15%,其中Uu占比39.87%、Mh占比8.08%、Uu和Mh共同阳性者占比8.19%,男性标本阳性率为47.78%、女性标本阳性率为66.26%。药敏结果显示,单独Uu感染者对喹诺酮类(5.00%~34.40%)、红霉素(42.80%)敏感率较低,而对四环素类(88.90%~95.00%)、交沙霉素(97.30%)敏感率较高。单独Mh感染者与Uu和Mh混合感染者耐药情况均较为严重,除四环素、强力霉素、交沙霉素、美满霉素敏感率在50%以上,对其余药物的敏感率均在50%以下。结论泌尿生殖道支原体感染以Uu感染为主,其中女性感染率高于男性;药敏结果显示感染者对四环素、强力霉素、交沙霉素、美满霉素敏感率较高,单独Mh感染者与Uu和Mh混合感染者耐药情况更为严重。     

887例宫颈分泌物支原体培养及耐药性分析

目的 了解女性泌尿生殖道感染患者支原体感染及耐药情况.方法 采用生物梅里埃IST2试剂盒,对887例宫颈分泌物进行培养及药敏试验.结果 887例标本中检出Uu阳性401例(45.2％),Mh阳性4例(0.5％),Uu+Mh阳性137例(15.4％),共检出542例(61.1％).药敏结果表明,Uu与Mh对原始霉素、交沙霉素、强力霉素、四环素较为敏感,对环丙沙星耐药率最高.结论 女性泌尿生殖道Uu和Mh感染率很高,主要以Uu为主,Uu和Mh对多种抗菌药物耐药,其中以环丙沙星为最高,单纯Uu、Mh和Uu+ Mh的耐药率存在一定差异,治疗支原体感染首选交沙霉素、四环素.     

316例输卵管性不孕患者生殖道Ct、Uu及Mh的检测及耐药性分析

目的通过对316例输卵管性不孕患者生殖道沙眼衣原体、解脲支原体、人型支原体感染以及耐药情况进行检测分析,研究其与不孕症的关系,并探讨用药合理性。方法收集316例2013年2月至2016年9月至我院进行诊治的输卵管性不孕患者作为研究组,并选取同期297例来进行检查的健康人作为对照组。对两组人员生殖道分泌物进行沙眼衣原体(Chlamydia trachomatis,Ct)、解脲支原体(Ureaplasma urealyticum,Uu)、人型支原体(Mycoplasma hominis,Mh)检测,并进行药敏试验。结果研究组患者Ct、Uu、Mh、Ct+Uu、Uu+Mh感染率以及总感染率均明显高于对照组,差异均具有统计学意义(Ps0.05)。Uu对原始霉素、四环素、强力霉素、交沙霉素、阿奇霉素、克拉霉素、红霉素敏感性较高(90%以上),对氧氟沙星、环丙沙星耐药性较高。Mh对原始霉素、四环素、强力霉素、交沙霉素敏感性较高(90%以上),对氧氟沙星、环丙沙星、阿奇霉素、克拉霉素耐药性较高。Uu+Mh对原始霉素、四环素、交沙霉素敏感性较高(90%以上),对阿奇霉素、氧氟沙星、环丙沙星耐药性较高。结论对输卵管性不孕患者,应进行生殖道分泌物Ct、Uu、Mh的检测,判断是否发生感染或混合感染,并根据药敏结果选择合适的抗生素进行治疗,以提高治疗效果。     

2194例男性泌尿生殖道支原体检测及药敏分析

目的研究男性泌尿生殖系统炎症患者解脲脲原体(Uu)和人型支原体(Mh)感染及对抗菌药物耐药情况,以了解本地区男性支原体的感染流行状况并指导临床合理选择使用抗菌药物。方法采用支原体鉴定药敏试剂盒,对男性生殖道感染者进行支原体培养及药敏试验。结果 2 194份标本中检出支原体636例,阳性率为28.96%,其中解脲脲原体阳性率为22.59%,人型支原体阳性率为0.96%,解脲脲原体和人型支原体混合感染阳性率为5.42%。支原体对抗菌药物药敏结果显示,抗菌活性较高的是多西环素、普拉霉素、四环素和交沙霉素。结论Uu是男性泌尿生殖系统支原体感染的主要病原体。临床治疗支原体感染时应尽量根据药敏结果选择敏感药物。普拉霉素、多西环素、四环素和交沙霉素可作为本地区非淋菌尿道炎经验用药的首选药物,避免使用喹诺酮类药物。     

女性泌尿生殖道支原体感染及耐药性观察

目的了解女性泌尿生殖道感染患者解脲支原体(Uu)和人支原体(Mh)感染及耐药情况,指导临床合理应用抗菌药物。方法采用法国梅里埃公司生产的IST2支原体培养及药敏试剂盒,对932例女性泌尿生殖道感染患者进行培养及药敏试验。结果 932例患者中支原体阳性426例,总检出率45.7%,其中Uu阳性354例(37.9%),Mh阳性14例(1.5%),Uu+Mh阳性58例(6.2%);药敏结果表明,Uu与Mh对多西环素、交沙霉素、四环素较为敏感,Uu对环丙沙星、氧氟沙星耐药率较高,而Mh对克拉霉素、红霉素、阿奇霉素耐药率较高。结论女性泌尿生殖道支原体检出率较高,主要以Uu为主,Uu和Mh对多种抗菌药物耐药,应引起临床重视。     

女性生殖道支原体感染与不孕症的关系及药敏分析

目的探讨女性生殖道支原体感染与不孕症之间的关系及对11种抗生素的敏感率,指导临床明确诊断,合理用药。方法随机选择2007年至2009年来长治市妇幼保健院就诊的女性不孕症患者360例,进行宫颈分泌物支原体培养和药敏试验。结果 360例宫颈分泌物标本中检出解脲支原体(Uu)阳性者161例、人型支原体(Mh)阳性者3例、解脲支原体(Uu)+人型支原体(Mh)混合阳性者29例;对阳性标本都做了11种抗生素的药敏试验,其中交沙霉素敏感率为93.47%、美满霉素敏感率为92.00%、强力霉素敏感率为90.21%、克拉霉素敏感率为83.69%、甲砜霉素敏感率为73.91%、环脂红霉素敏感率为61.95%和阿奇霉素敏感率为53.26%等。结论女性不孕症伴随高发的生殖道支原体感染,支原体感染与不孕症可能有关;长治地区生殖道支原体对交沙霉素、美满霉素、强力霉素、克拉霉素、甲砜霉素敏感性较高,环脂红霉素、阿奇霉素次之,对红霉素、罗红霉素敏感性较低,对环丙沙星、左氧氟沙星敏感性很低。     

泌尿生殖道支原体感染检测及药敏试验

目的了解本地区泌尿生殖道解脲脲原体（Uu）和人型支原体（Mh）感染状况及药物敏感性,指导临床医生合理应用抗生素。方法应用法国生物梅里埃公司提供的IST试剂盒进行支原体鉴定及9种药物敏感检测,并对结果进行统计分析。结果1210例门诊患者检出支原体阳性683例,总感染率为56.4%,其中Uu单独感染占628例（占51.9%）,Mh单独感染14例（占1.2%）,Uu和Mh混合感染41例（占3.4%）。交沙霉素和原始霉素敏感率最高,对Uu分别为98.5%和97.0%,对Uu和Mh混合感染率都为100%;氧氟沙星敏感率最低,分别为1.5%和0.0%。结论泌尿生殖道系统感染主要由解脲支原体引起,交沙霉素和原始霉素敏感率最高,氧氟沙星敏感率最低。临床应选用培养敏感的抗菌药物,提高治疗效果。     

3类抗菌药物体外抗解脲脲原体和人型支原体的作用

目的比较四环素类、大环内酯类和喹诺酮类3类抗菌药物,对临床分离株解脲脲原体(Uu)和人型支原体(Mh)的抗菌作用,为临床用药提供参考依据.方法采用直接肉汤药盘法测定了临床标本中,195株Uu和1218株Mh对3类抗菌药物中的8种抗生素的敏感性.结果 195株Uu对四环素、多西环素、米诺环素、罗红霉素、阿齐霉素、交沙霉素、氧氟沙星和司帕沙星的敏感率,分别为21.0%、48.2%、39.5%、79.0%、88.7%、74.9%、28.2%和64.6%.118株Mh对四环素、多西环素、米诺环素、罗红霉素、阿齐霉素、交沙霉素、氧氟沙星、司帕沙星的敏感率分别为5.1%、33.9%、26.3%、0.0%、0.0%、89.8%、70.3%和64.4%.960例混合感染的Uu Mh,对交沙霉素最敏感(79.2%).结论泌尿生殖道支原体的药敏监测对指导临床治疗具有重要意义.     

106例宫颈炎患者支原体检测及抗生素敏感性分析

目的：对本地区宫颈炎患者解脲脲原体（Uu）和人型支原体（Mh）进行监测,分析抗生素敏感情况,为临床诊疗提供实验依据。方法：无菌采集宫颈炎患者宫颈分泌物,用支原体培养、鉴定、药敏试剂盒进行培养和药敏试验。结果：支原体总检出率为71.70%。Uu检出率为52.83%,Uu合并Mh检出率16.04%,Mh检出率为2.83%。56例单纯Uu株体外抗生素敏感性显示：对四环素族多西环素100%、美满霉素98.21%高度敏感;对大环内酯类敏感性不一：克拉霉素96.43%,阿奇霉素91.07%,交沙霉素76.79%,红霉素67.86%,罗红霉素32.14%;对喹诺酮类如加替沙星83.93%较敏感,而对左氧氟沙星,司帕沙星敏感性差;对克林霉素和甲砜霉素不敏感;17例Uu合并Mh的抗生素敏感性为：美满霉素100%,多西环素100%,交沙霉素88.23%,加替沙星64.7%,对左氧氟沙星、司帕沙星、红霉素、阿奇霉素、克拉霉素,罗红霉素、甲砜霉素、克林霉素均不敏感。3株单纯Mh例数少未做统计。结论：宫颈炎患者中支原体检出率较高,其中单纯Uu检出率较Uu、Mh混合阳性率高,对四环素类、大环内酯类族中的多数抗生素敏感,治疗选择余地大。Uu、Mh混合敏感性抗生素种类少,应优先选择四环素类抗生素治疗。     

106 例宫颈炎患者支原体检测及抗生素敏感性分析

目的：对本地区宫颈炎患者解脲脲原体（Uu）和人型支原体（Mh）进行监测,分析抗生素敏感情况,为临床诊疗提供实验依 据。方法：无菌采集宫颈炎患者宫颈分泌物,用支原体培养、鉴定、药敏试剂盒进行培养和药敏试验。结果：支原体总检出率为 71.70 %。Uu 检出率为52.83 %,Uu 合并Mh 检出率16.04 %,Mh 检出率为2.83 %。56 例单纯Uu 株体外抗生素敏感性显示：对四 环素族多西环素100 %、美满霉素98.21 %高度敏感;对大环内酯类敏感性不一：克拉霉素96.43 %,阿奇霉素91.07 %,交沙霉素 76.79 %,红霉素67.86 %,罗红霉素32.14 %;对喹诺酮类如加替沙星83.93 %较敏感,而对左氧氟沙星,司帕沙星敏感性差;对克 林霉素和甲砜霉素不敏感;17 例Uu 合并Mh的抗生素敏感性为：美满霉素100 %,多西环素100 %,交沙霉素88.23 %,加替沙星 64.7 %,对左氧氟沙星、司帕沙星、红霉素、阿奇霉素、克拉霉素,罗红霉素、甲砜霉素、克林霉素均不敏感。3 株单纯Mh 例数少未 做统计。结论：宫颈炎患者中支原体检出率较高,其中单纯Uu 检出率较Uu、Mh 混合阳性率高,对四环素类、大环内酯类族中的多 数抗生素敏感,治疗选择余地大。Uu、Mh 混合敏感性抗生素种类少,应优先选择四环素类抗生素治疗。     

Recent advances in the study of Kaposi's sarcoma-associated herpesvirus replication and pathogenesis

It has now been over twenty years since a novel herpesviral genome was identified in Kaposi's sarcoma biopsies. Since then, the cumulative research effort by molecular biologists, virologists, clinicians, and epidemiologists alike has led to the extensive characterization of this tumor virus, Kaposi's sarcoma-associated herpesvirus(KSHV; also known as human herpesvirus 8(HHV-8)), and its associated diseases. Here we review the current knowledge of KSHV biology and pathogenesis, with a particular emphasis on new and exciting advances in the field of epigenetics. We also discuss the development and practicality of various cell culture and animal model systems to study KSHV replication and pathogenesis.     

The structure, reproduction and taxonomy of Vidalia and Osmundaria (Rhodophyta, Rhodomelaceae)

Comprises species occurring mostly in subtidal habitats in tropical, subtropical and warm-temperate areas of the world. An analysis of the type species, V. spiralis (Sonder) Lamouroux ex J. Agardh, a species from Australia, establishes basic characters for distinguishing species in the genus. These characters are (1) branching patterns of thalli, (2) flat blades that may be spiralled on their axis, (3) width of the blade, (4) primary or secondary derivation of sterile and fertile branchlets and (5) position of sterile and fertile branchlets on the thalli. Application of the latter two characters provides an important basic method for separation of species into three major groups. Osmundaria , a genus known only in southern Australia, was studied in relation to Vidalia , and its separation from the Vidalia assemblage is not accepted. Species of Vidalia therefore are transferred to the older genus name, Osmundaria. Two new species, Osmundaria papenfussii and Osmundaria oliveae are described from Natal. Confusion in the usage of the epithet, Vidalia fimbriala Brown ex Turner has been clarified, and Vidalia gregaria Falkenberg, described as an epiphyte on Osmundaria pro/ifera Lamouroux, is revealed to be young branches of the host, Osmundaria prolifera.     

New or rare chromosome counts in Artemisia L. (Asteraceae, Anthemideae) and related genera from Kazakhstan

Fifteen chromosome counts of six Artemisia taxa and one species of each of the genera Brachanthemum, Hippolytia, Kaschgaria, Lepidolopsis and Turaniphytum are reported from Kazakhstan. Three of them are new reports, two are not consistent with previous counts and the remainder are confirmations of very scarce (one to four) earlier records. All the populations studied have the same basic chromosome number, x = 9, with ploidy levels ranging from 2x to 6x. Some correlations between ploidy level, morphological characters and distribution are noted.     

肝癌中HBV和HCV基因和抗原的分布及意义

采用原位分子杂交方法检测HCV RNA及HBV X基因;采用免疫组织化学方法研究HCV核心抗原,非结构区C33c抗原及HBxAg在肝细胞肝癌中的定位及分布.结果表明(1)HCV RNA、HBV X基因在肝细胞肝癌组织检出率分别为40%(55/136)和82%(112/136).HCV RNA定位于癌细胞的胞浆内,阳性细胞呈散在、灶状及弥漫分布三种形式;HBV X基因在肝癌细胞中的分布呈胞浆型、核型及核浆型,阳性细胞也呈上述三种分布形式;(2)HCV C33c抗原、核心抗原在肝细胞肝癌中的阳性率为81%(133/164)及86%(141/164).C33c抗原定位于癌细胞及肝细胞的胞浆内;核心抗原既定位于癌细胞核中,又可定位于胞浆中.C33c抗原阳性细胞以灶状分布为主;而核心抗原阳性细     

Selection with two alleles and complete dominance

For a plant selection model with frequency-independent viabilities, fertilities and selfing rates, it is shown that apart from global fixation, for certain parameter combinations a protected polymorphism and facultative fixation (either allele may become fixed according to initial frequencies) may both occur. Facultative fixation requires different selling rates for the dominant and recessive type. Protection of the polymorphism requires resource allocation for male and female function. In this connection the problem of purely genetically caused population extinction is discussed.
For general frequency dependence and regular segregation, the chances for establishment of a completely recessive gene are compared to those of a completely dominant gene. It is proven that the process of establishment of the recessive gene, despite a fitness advantage, may be considerably endangered by drift effects if random mating prevails. The recessive gene may reach the same effectivity in establishment as a dominant gene, only if the recessive homozygote mates exclusively with its own type during the period of establishment.