中国汉族人群Toll 样受体4 基因多态性与阿尔茨海默病 相关性研究

目的:探索中国汉族人群Toll样受体4基因Asp299Gly多态性与阿尔茨海默病(AD)相关性。方法:样本来源于2010.01-2012.01上海普陀区人民医院门诊及病房、瑞金医院、华山医院痴呆专病门诊就诊的200例AD患者(年龄在45-85岁之间)与同时期入组的患者配偶或体检中心200例健康对照(统计分析时有10例患者因故剔除),所有入组者为无血缘关系的中国汉族人。AD诊断由神经科专科医生参照美国国立神经病学、语言交流障碍和卒中老年性痴呆和相关疾病学会工作小组(NINCDS-ADRDA)关于AD的诊断标准确定。所有入组者抽取随机静脉血2 ml,血样标本使用双脱氧链终止法进行TLR4基因Asp299Gly突变检测。实验前期随机抽取部分血样进行TLR4蛋白定量测定。因为使用双脱氧链终止法未检测到TLR4基因Asp299Gly突变型,在实验后期我们又使用连接酶检测反应法对其中352例样本进行TLR4基因Asp299Gly突变复测及ApoE等位基因型检测。结果:与对照组相比,AD组外周血TLR4蛋白含量增高,其差异性具有统计学意义(P<0.05)。基因检测结果显示TLR4基因Asp299Gly突变两组均为野生型A,AD组ApoEε4基因型频率(包含纯合子及杂合子)高达35.90%,明显高于对照组(17.35%)。结论:AD组外周血TLR4蛋白表达量增高提示TLR4与AD发病有一定相关性,但没有证据表明TLR4基因Asp299Gly突变与AD发病有相关性。     

PPARGC1A基因Thr394Thr/Gly482Ser多态性与2型糖尿病的关联研究

对344例2型糖尿病患者和307名正常人的PPARGC1A基因单核苷酸多态性rs2970847(Thr394Thr)和rs8192678(Gly482Ser)与2型糖尿病的关系进行了单标记和单体型关联分析以及Logistic回归分析。在单标记分析中,对照组与病例组Thr394Thr的基因型和等位基因频率有显著差异(基因型, P =0.006; 等位基因, P < 0.001); Logistic回归和单体型分析表明, Thr394Thr的AA基因型及Thr394(ACA)-Ser482单体型增加患2型糖尿病的风险。Gly482Ser的基因型和等位基因频率在对照组与病例组间无显著差异。PPARGC1A基因是湖北汉人的一个2型糖尿病易感基因。     

DIO基因多态性与有氧耐力的相关性研究

目的:研究碘代甲状腺氨酸脱碘酶(DIO)基因多态性与有氧耐力的相关性,寻找与有氧耐力表型相关的分子标记。方法:应用基质辅助激光解吸电离飞行时间质谱检测技术,对123名中国北方汉族优秀长跑运动员(EEA)与127名中国北方汉族普通大学生(CG)DIO1基因C785T位点及DIO2基因的Thr92Ala和Gly3Asp位点进行解析并分析比较,其中优秀运动员又根据运动等级和运动项目分为国际健将与健将组(43vs80),及5/10km和马拉松组(92vs31)。结果:在DIO1的C785T位点及DIO2的Thr92Ala位点,各组间基因型和等位基因频率均无显著性差异(P>0.05);在DIO2的Gly3Asp位点,三种基因型在CG组与国际健将组、CG组与马拉松组间的分布均差异显著(P<0.05),其中TT基因型在CG组中不表达,仅存在于EEA组,但频率很低。DIO2的Thr92Ala及Gly3Asp位点处于强连锁不平衡,CT单体型在男CG组与女CG组、男CG组与男EEA组间分布均差异显著(P<0.05),在男CG组与男健将组、男马拉松组间的分布也均差异显著(P<0.05),TC单体型则在女CG组与女国际健将组、女5000m和10000m组间的分布差异显著(P<0.05)。结论:DIO2基因Thr92Ala及Gly3Asp位点的CT单体型分布具有性别差异,是男子EEA有氧耐力素质的分子标记,可用于男子长跑健将级运动员及马拉松运动员的分子选材,TC单体型则是女子长跑国际健将运动员和5000m、10000m运动员有氧耐力素质的分子标记。     

易感基因多态性与支气管哮喘的相关性研究

目的:探讨白介素-4(Interleukin-4,IL-4)基因589位点、白介素-4受体(interleukin-4 receptor,IL-4R)基因576位点多态性与内蒙古地区汉族支气管哮喘患者是否存在遗传易感性,是否与血清总IgE浓度相关.方法:采用聚合酶链式反应-限制性片段长度多态性(PCR-RFLP)方法检测内蒙古地区62例支气管哮喘患者和30例汉族正常人群IL-4基因的589位点、IL-4R基因的576位点多态性,进行基因型和基因频率分析,同时采用Elisa法检测患者血清总IgE浓度.结果:哮喘组IL-4基因启动子区-589(C/T)位点多态性分布频率与对照组比较,两组间基因型频率分析(X2=3.437,P=0.179),无显著性统计学差异(P＞0.05);两组基因频率分析(X2=9.405,P=0.002),有显著性差异(P＜0.05).哮喘组IL-4R基因启动子区-576(Q/R)位点多态性分布频率与对照组比较,两组间基因型频率分析(X2=0.815,P=0.665),无显著性统计学差异(P＞0.05),两组基因频率分析(X2=0.245,P=0.621),无显著性差异(P＞0.05).哮喘组血清总IgE浓度高于对照组,有显著性差异(t=6.367,P=0.00,P＜0.05).结论:内蒙古地区汉族人群哮喘组中,IL-4基因启动子区-589(C/T)位点多态性与支气管哮喘的发病无显著性差异;IL-4R基因-576(Q/R)位点多态性与支气管哮喘的发病无显著性差异;患者组血清总IgE显著高于对照组,但是与IL-4基因启动子区-589(C/T)位点多态性和IL-4R基因-576(Q/R)位点多态性没有相关性.     

载脂蛋白E基因多态性与持续性植物状态的关系及其意义

研究载脂蛋白E(ApoE)基因多态性与持续性植物状态 (PVS)之间的关系 ,探讨PVS发生的遗传背景及其对血脂水平的影响。以 6 2名PVS患者为研究对象 ,5 5名正常人为对照 ,采用聚合酶链反应和限制性片段长度多态性(PCR RFLP)方法 ,分析了载脂蛋白E基因多态性 :血脂水平按常规酶法进行测定并进行统计学处理。ApoE基因多态分析表明 ,在PVS患者和正常人中观察到 5种ApoE基因型 ,分别为E3/ 3、E3/ 4、E2 / 2、E2 / 3及E4 / 2。PVS患者组ApoE3/ 4基因型频率高于对照组 (χ2 =14 .2 36 ,P <0 .0 0 1) ;而E3/ 3基因型频率较对照组显著降低 (χ2 =5 .348,P <0 .0 5 )。PVS患者的ε4等位基因频率显著高于对照组 (χ2 =10 .5 33,P <0 .0 0 1) ;而ε3等位基因频率显著低于对照组 (χ2 =7.0 2 2 ,P <0 .0 1)。两组ApoE基因型E2 / 2 ,E2 / 4 ,E2 / 3,E3/ 4的低密度脂蛋白胆固醇 (LDL C)水平之间存在统计学差异 (P <0 .0 5 ,P <0 .0 5 ,P <0 .0 5 ,P <0 .0 1)。ApoE基因多态性与PVS有关联 ,并影响患者的血脂水平。ApoE基因多态性可能与PVS的发生和预后有关     

TLR3和TLR4基因多态性与EV71感染手足口病严重性及易感性的关系研究

手足口病(Hand-foot-and-mouth disease,HFMD)是5岁以下婴幼儿常见的病毒性肠道传染病,该病主要由人肠道病毒71型(Enterovirus 71,EV71)型及柯萨奇A组16型(Coxsackievirus A16,CV-A16)引起,但关于TLR3、TLR4基因多态性与EV71感染手足口病的报道较少。为探讨EV71感染手足口病患儿TLR3和TLR4基因多态性与EV71感染手足口病严重性及易感性的关系,本研究选择2016年8月至2017年8月就诊于安徽医科大学第一附属医院的EV71感染手足口病患儿166例,其中重症组76例,轻症组90例,并选择同期来院体检的健康者120例作为对照组。收集患者入院时的年龄、性别、发热天数等基线资料,采集血液检测白细胞计数(White blood cell count,WBC)、丙氨酸转氨酶(Alanine aminotransferase,ALT)、谷草转氨酶(Glutamate transaminase,AST)、酶联免疫吸附试验(Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay,ELISA)检测血清C反应蛋白(C reactive protein,CRP)、干扰素-γ(Interferon-γ,IFN-γ)水平;分离外周血单个核细胞提取DNA,琼脂糖凝胶电泳检测DNA情况;聚合酶链反应(Polymerase chain reaction,PCR)扩增TLR3c.1377C/T和TLR4-896A/G,限制性内切酶Tap I(TthHB8 I)、Nco I分别酶切TLR3、TLR4 PCR扩增产物,凝胶成像系统记录实验结果,对扩增产物进行测序,分析其基因多态性结果。结果显示,对照组与EV71感染组TLR3c.1377C/T位点的基因型分布与C、T等位基因频率均无显著统计学意义(P0.05);EV71感染组中重症组TT基因型较轻症组显著升高(P0.05);重症组T等位基因频率显著高于轻症组(P0.05),C等位基因频率显著低于轻症组(P0.05);EV71感染组中,TLR3c.1377C/T位点不同基因型患儿在年龄、性别及ALT、AST、CKMB水平上无显著差异(P0.05);TLR3c.1377C/T位点TT型患儿的发热时间及WBC、CRP水平显著高于CT和CC型,CT型患儿的发热时间及WBC、CRP水平显著高于CC型(P0.05);CC型患儿的IFN-γ水平显著高于CT和TT型(P0.05);TLR4-896A/G基因电泳条带为140bp的特异性扩增产物,为野生型Asp/Asp基因型,对照组和EV71感染组均未出现A→G的突变。本研究得出结论,TLR3c.1377C/T位点有CC、TT、CT三个基因型,且携带T等位基因EV71感染手足口病患儿进展为重症的风险较高;TLR4-896A/G基因无突变,与EV71感染手足口病患儿疾病严重性和易感性无关。     

CYP1A1基因单核苷酸多态性与肺癌的相关性研究

目的:探讨代谢酶CYP1A1基因MspI位点多态性与新疆汉族人群肺癌遗传易感性之间的相关性.方法:应用聚合酶链式反应(PCR)-限制性片段长度多态性(RFLP)技术检测59例新疆汉族肺癌和84例新疆汉族健康人的CYP1A1基因MspI位点多态性分布频率,并分析了CYP1A1基因MspI位点多态性与新疆汉族人群肺癌遗传易感性和患者性别之间的相关性.结果:(1)CYP1A1基因MspI位点3种多态基因型分布频率在两组间比较差异有统计学意义(χ2=6.682,P=0.035),CC基因型在病例组的分布频率显著高于正常对照组.(2)携带突变CC基因型的个体较携带TT基因型的个体患肺癌的危险性增加(OR=3.759.95%CI=1.228-11.494,P=0.035).(3)男女肺癌患者的CYP1A1基因MspI位点基因型及等位基因频率的差异均无显著性(P>0.05).结论:(1)CC突变基因型可能是新疆汉族人群的肺癌易感因素.(2)CYP1A1基因MspI位点多态性可能与新疆汉族肺癌患者的性别无关.     

APOC3基因SstⅠ单核苷酸多态性与冠心病、Ⅱ型糖尿病合并高甘油三酯血症的关联性研究

对许多人群研究表明 ,位于APOA1/C3/A4 /A5基因簇上的载脂蛋白C3基因 (APOC3)SstⅠ多态性与高甘油三酯血症 (Hypertriglyceridaemia ,HTG)密切相关 ,高甘油三酯是冠心病和糖尿病的独立危险因素。为探讨中国人群APOC3基因SstⅠ单核苷酸多态性与冠状动脉粥样硬化性心脏病 (coronaryatheroscleroticheartdisease,CHD)合并高甘油三酯血症 (HTG)、Ⅱ型糖尿病 (non insulin dependentdiabetesmellitus,NIDDM)合并高甘油三酯血症 (HTG)患者的相关性 ,应用聚合酶链反应 限制性片段长度多态性 (PCR RFLP)的方法 ,分析了 2 6 7例CHD患者、2 4 6例NIDDM患者及 4 91例健康对照APOC3基因SstⅠ位点 (S1/S2 )多态性。CHD组、NIDDM组和对照组的APOC3基因SstⅠ多态位点S2等位基因频率分别为 0 30 1、0 30 7和 0 2 86 ,其基因型频率和等位基因频率分布与对照组比较均无显著性差异 (P >0 0 5 )。以TG >1 90mmol/L为标准将CHD组、NIDDM组分为正常甘油三酯组 (NTG)和高甘油三酯组(HTG)发现 ,在CHD患者 ,HTG亚组S1S2基因型频率显著高于NTG亚组 (0 5 4 2 >0 35 7,χ2 =8 77,P =0 0 12 4 ) ;在NIDDM患者 ,HTG亚组S2S2基因型频率显著高于NTG亚组 (0 2 0 0 >0 0 5 5 ,χ2 =2 0 2 1,P =0 0 0 0 0 ) ,两亚组间等位基因频     

利用LightCycler研究食管鳞状细胞癌与MTHFR C677T多态性的关系

亚甲基四氢叶酸还原酶(MTHFR)在叶酸代谢中起重要作用.MTHFR基因第677位核苷酸的多态性(C→T)能影响其酶活性并与肿瘤易感性有关.为比较中国北方人群MTHFR C677T多态性与食管鳞状细胞癌(ESCC)易感性之间的关系, 通过高速实时聚合酶链反应(real-time PCR)和解链曲线(melting curve)方法分析了189名ESCC患者和141名健康对照的MTHFR C677T多态性位点的基因型.结果显示,健康对照组的MTHFR C/C(纯合野生)、C/T和T/T(纯合突变)基因型的频率分别为17.7%、38.3%和44.0%.ESCC患者的T/T基因型频率(42.3%)与健康对照组无显著差异(χ2=0.089, P＞0.05),其C/T基因型频率(49.2%)仅略高于对照组(χ2＝3.890, P＜0.05),而患者组的C/C基因型频率(8.5%)显著低于健康对照组(17.7%) (χ2=6.37, P=0.012).与C/T和T/T基因型相比,C/C基因型可显著降低ESCC的发病风险(相对风险度的比值比(OR)=0.43, 95%可信区间(CI)=0.22～0.84),在吸烟者和有上消化道肿瘤家族史的患者中这一倾向更加明显.研究提示,在中国北方人群中, MTHFR C677T纯合野生基因型对ESCC的发病起保护作用.     

亚甲基四氢叶酸还原酶基因C677T、G1793A 单核苷酸多态性 与散发性乳腺癌易感性的关系

目的:研究亚甲基四氢叶酸还原酶(MTHFR)基因C677T、G1793A位点单核苷酸多态性与散发性乳腺癌易感性关系。方法:采用聚合酶链反应-限制性片段长度多态性(PCR-RFLP)方法,对200例乳腺癌患者及200例正常对照者MTHFR基因C677T、G1793A位点单核苷酸多态性进行分析,logistic回归分析不同基因型与乳腺癌风险的关系。结果:乳腺癌组MTHFR 677TT基因型频率为25.00%显著高于正常对照组的10.50%(X2=14.401,P=0.001),CT基因型频率为44.50%低于正常对照组的54.50%,CC基因型频率在乳腺癌组和正常对照组中无差别;MTHFR 1793GA基因型频率为18.50%显著高于正常对照者的8.50%(X2=8.563,P=0.003)。乳腺癌患者MTHFR 677T和1793A等位基因频率分别为47.25%、9.25%,显著高于对照组中的37.75%、4.25%。MTHFR 677TT基因型携带者罹患乳腺癌的风险是677CC基因型携带者的2.732倍(95%CI=1.418～5.051,P=0.001),MTHFR1793GA基因型携带者罹患乳腺癌的风险是1793GG基因型携带者的2.444倍(95%CI=1.325～4.505,P=0.003)。另外,乳腺癌组中MTHFR C677T基因多态性与肿瘤大小相关(x2=7.431,P=0.024,MTHFR G1793A基因多态性与淋巴结转移情况(x2=8.939,P=0.011)、癌组织学分级(x2=9.983,P=0.007)相关。结论:MTHFR C677T、G1793A基因多态性与散发性乳腺癌的易感性相关。     

Lack of association between TLR4 Asp299Gly and Thr399Ile polymorphisms and sepsis susceptibility: a meta-analysis

Sepsis, a condition of systemic inappropriate inflammation response to the invasion of microorganisms, results in considerable morbidity and mortality in patients. Some, but not all, epidemiological studies have suggested that Toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4) polymorphisms, Asp299Gly and Thr399Ile, may influence the risk of at-risk patients for sepsis. Our work tried to further study the association of the two common polymorphisms with sepsis susceptibility by performing a meta-analysis of previous data. Electronic searches of MEDLINE, EMBASE and Web of Science databases were performed. Original observational studies dealing with the association between polymorphisms Asp299Gly and/or Thr399Ile and sepsis risk were selected. Pooled odds ratios (ORs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were calculated with random-effects model or fixed-effects model based on the heterogeneity analysis. Seventeen studies including 2212 cases and 3880 controls were included with most subjects of Caucasian ethnicity. The odds ratio for the association of Asp299Gly polymorphism with sepsis risk was 1.22 (95% CI: 0.90-1.65, P=0.21), and the association of Thr399Ile polymorphism was 1.16 (95%CI: 0.70-1.91, P=0.57). Subgroup analysis and sensitivity analysis did not change the results. Our meta-analysis revealed that the two common TLR4 polymorphisms, Asp299Gly and Thr399Ile, have no strong association with the likelihood of sepsis in Caucasian populations. Further studies are needed to investigate the effect of genetic networks and their mutual interactions in TLR4 signaling pathway on sepsis susceptibility.     

Toll-like receptor 4 Asp299Gly/Thr399Ile polymorphisms are a risk factor for Candida bloodstream infection

Toll-like receptor (TLR)-4 is an important pattern recognition receptor for Candida albicans, playing a role in innate host defense. We investigated whether there is an association between the TLR4 Asp299Gly or TLR4 Thr399Ile polymorphism, and the occurrence of Candida bloodstream infection. We performed a case-control study, involving 43 patients with a Candida bloodstream infection and 166 healthy individuals. TLR4 Asp299Gly and Thr399Ile polymorphisms were assessed, as well as cytokine production after stimulation of peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) with Candida albicans. We observed that the prevalence of TLR4 Asp299Gly polymorphism was found to be higher in patients with Candida bloodstream infection than in controls (26% versus 10%; OR 3.0; 95%CI 1.3-6.9). All patients bearing the Asp299Gly polymorphism were also positive for the Thr399Ile allele, a linkage well described in literature. IL-10 production was higher in C. albicans-stimulated PBMC from volunteers bearing the TLR4 Asp299Gly polymorphism, and a similar tendency was observed in TLR4 Asp299Gly heterozygous patients who had recovered from candidemia. These findings show that the TLR4 Asp299Gly/Thr399Ile polymorphisms are associated with an increased susceptibility to Candida bloodstream infections, and an increased production of IL-10 is probably involved in this effect.     

The Toll-Like Receptor 4 Polymorphism Asp299Gly but Not Thr399Ile Influences TLR4 Signaling and Function

The common, co-segregating Toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4) non-synonymous single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs), Asp299Gly and Thr399Ile, are associated with hyporesponsiveness to inhaled lipopolysaccharide (LPS) and increased susceptibility to Gram negative pathogens in humans. The purpose of this study was to identify the relative contributions of the Asp299Gly and the Thr399Ile variants in inhibiting the function of TLR4. 293/hMD2-CD14 cell line was transfected with lentiviral constructs containing human wild type (WT) TLR4-EGFP or TLR4-EGFP with Asp299Gly, Thr399Ile or Asp299Gly/Thr399Ile complementary DNA (cDNA). Multiple stable cell lines were established for each construct: three for WT TLR4, Asp299Gly, and Thr399Ile, and only two for Asp299Gly/Thr399Ile mutants and EGFP control. We did not observe a significant effect of polymorphisms on cell surface and intracellular TLR4 expression nor were there any significant differences in TLR4 and EGFP protein levels assessed by Western blotting and confocal microscopy among the multiple cell lines of each of the constructs. All cell lines had a dose-dependent responsiveness to LPS stimulation. However, compared to the WT TLR4, cells expressing TLR4 with Asp299Gly but not Thr399Ile polymorphism produced significantly less (P<0.05) IL-8 following LPS stimulation. Similarly, cells expressing TLR4 Asp299Gly but not Thr399Ile allele had significantly lower percentage of phosphorylated and total NF-κB P65 following LPS stimulation. While we could not do statistics on the Asp299Gly/Thr399Ile group, we observed a reduced responsiveness to LPS compared to WT TLR4. Taken together, we observed that the TLR4 Asp299Gly variant, but not the Thr399Ile variant, is responsible for impaired responsiveness of TLR4 to LPS and corresponding activation of NF-κB.     

CD14-159 and -260 gene polymorphisms are associated with HBV-related cirrhotic injury in Chinese Han patients

The present study aimed to investigate the association between TLR4 mutations (Asp299Gly and Thr399Ile) and CD14 polymorphisms (base pair -159 and -260) with HBV-related cirrhosis in Chinese Han patients. By use of a polymerase chain reaction-based restriction fragment length polymorphism (PCR-RFLP) analysis technique, we genotyped Toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4) Asp299Gly and Thr399Ile and CD14-159 and -260 polymorphisms in 110 HBV-related cirrhotic patients and 110 healthy controls from the Chinese Han population. We found significant differences in the genotypes and allele frequencies of CD14-159 (but not -260) between healthy controls and liver cirrhotic patients, and both the CD14-159 and -260 genotypes were significantly different among Child-Pugh grades in cirrhotic patients. No TLR4 Asp299Gly and Thr399Ile mutations were detected in any cirrhotic patients or healthy controls in the Chinese Han population. These findings indicated that the polymorphisms of CD14, but not TLR4 Asp299Gly and Thr399Ile mutations, may be an important genetic factor for HBV-related cirrhotic injury in the Chinese Han population.     

Association between TLR2 and TLR4 Gene Polymorphisms and the Susceptibility to Inflammatory Bowel Disease: A Meta-Analysis

BackgroundThe associations between toll-like receptor 2 (TLR2) and toll-like receptor 4(TLR4) polymorphisms and inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) susceptibility remain controversial. A meta-analysis was performed to assess these associations.MethodsA systematic search was performed to identify all relevant studies relating TLR2 and TLR4 polymorphisms and IBD susceptibility. Odds ratios (ORs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were calculated. Subgroup analyses were performed by ethnicity and publication quality.ResultsThirty-eight eligible studies, assessing 10970 cases and 7061 controls were included. No TLR2 Arg677Trp polymorphism was found. No significant association was observed between TLR2 Arg753Gln polymorphism and Crohn’s disease (CD) or ulcerative colitis (UC) in all genetic models. Interestingly, TLR4 Asp299Gly polymorphism was significantly associated with increased risk of CD and UC in all genetic models, except for the additive one in CD. In addition, a statistically significant association between TLR4 Asp299Gly polymorphism and IBD was observed among high quality studies evaluating Caucasians, but not Asians. Associations between TLR4 Thr399Ile polymorphisms and CD risk were found only in the allele and dominant models. The TLR4 Thr399Ile polymorphism was associated with UC risk in pooled results as well as subgroup analysis of high quality publications assessing Caucasians, in allele and dominant models.ConclusionsThe meta-analysis provides evidence that TLR2 Arg753Gln is not associated with CD and UC susceptibility in Asians; TLR4 Asp299Gly is associated with CD and UC susceptibility in Caucasians, but not Asians. TLR4 Thr399Ile may be associated with IBD susceptibility in Caucasians only. Additional well-powered studies of Asp299Gly and other TLR4 variants are warranted.     

Relationship of TLR2 and TLR4 gene polymorphism with a penchant for individual urogenital infections

We investigated the population prevalence of polymorphisms of Arg753Gln TLR2gene, and Asp299Gly, Thr399Ile TLR4 genes among people living in the Poltava region, as well as data communication polymorphisms with the presence of diseases caused by urogenital infections. The group of population control was a random sample of residents of the Poltava region (n = 299). The group of patients with urogenital diseases included 156 people. Genotyping of these groups TLR2 Arg753Gln polymorphism and the gene TLR4 Asp299Gly, Thr399Ile was performed using PCR and subsequent restriction analysis. Statistically significant association of allele A ofgene TLR2 (p = 0.0018) and allele G of gene TLR4 (p = 0.085) with the presence of urogenital diseases was confirmed.     

Functional consequences of toll-like receptor 4 polymorphisms

Toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4) is an important pathogen recognition receptor that recognizes mainly lipopolysaccharide (LPS) of Gram-negative bacteria, but also structures from fungal and mycobacterial pathogens, as well as endogenous ligands. Two nonsynonymous polymorphisms of TLR4, Asp299Gly and Thr399Ile, have been suggested to alter the function of the receptor. Some, but not all, studies have proposed that these polymorphisms lead to reduced cytokine response and increased susceptibility to Gram-negative infections. In this review, we compare studies that assessed the effect of the Asp299Gly and Thr399Ile polymorphisms on susceptibility to Gram-negative infections and examine the phenotypic consequences of these polymorphisms. In addition, we review the geographical distribution of TLR4 polymorphisms and present a model for evolutionary pressures on the TLR4 genetic make-up.     

Toll-like receptor 4 polymorphisms predispose to cutaneous leishmaniasis

The clinical spectrum of cutaneous leishmaniasis (CL) is extremely variable. Studies in experimental leishmaniasis have revealed a role for TLR4 in control of infection. In the present study the associations between TLR4 mutations (Asp299Gly and Thr399Ile) with outcome of CL have been investigated. Genotyping for Asp299Gly and Thr399Ile was performed in patients with chronic (N?=?22) and acute (N?=?61) CL, asymptomatic (N?=?45) and healthy leishmanin skin test negative individuals (N?=?75). The results showed the frequency of the Asp299Gly genotype was increased in patients with chronic disease (OR 25.3, 95% CI 5.2-115.6, P?相似文献   

TLR4 and TLR9 polymorphism: Probable role in susceptibility among the population of Bihar for Indian visceral leishmaniasis

Genetic variations in the host TLRs genes play an important role in susceptibility and/or resistance to visceral leishmaniasis by altering the host-pathogen interaction. In this study, we investigated the association between polymorphisms of TLR4 (Asp299Gly, Thr399Ile) and TLR-9 (T-1237C), with susceptibility to visceral leishmaniasis. A bi-directional PCR amplification of specific alleles technique was used to characterize the distribution of TLR4 (Asp299Gly and Thr399Ile) and TLR9 (T-1237C) polymorphisms. A total of 60 samples were randomly selected from confirmed visceral leishmaniasis patients and 24 endemic healthy volunteers. The samples were genotyped and allele frequencies were determined. We observed that TLR4 Asp299Gly and Thr399Ile genotypes were more frequent in visceral leishmaniasis patients (10% and 15% respectively) compared to controls (4.2% and 8.3% respectively). However, the differences were not significant in TLR4 Asp299Gly and Thr399Ile alleles and genotypes. In the case of TLR9, we observed the frequency of T1237C genotype was higher in visceral leishmaniasis patients (43.3%) than in healthy controls (33.3%). Statistically significant differences were observed in TLR9 T1237C alleles and genotypes. We concluded that TLR9 T1237C, but not TLR4, gene polymorphisms can be regarded as contributors to visceral leishmaniasis susceptibility among the Indian population of Bihar state.     

Relationship between the TLR2 and TLR4 gene polymorphisms with a predisposition to certain urogenital infections

The distribution of the TLR2 Arg753Gln, TLR4 Asp299Gly and TLR4 Thr399Ile polymorphisms among residents of Poltavsky region was studied. The relationship between these polymorphisms and the presence of diseases caused by urogenital infections was also studied. The population control group was a random sample of residents of Poltavsky region (n = 299); the group of patients with urogenital diseases consisted of 156 individuals. PCR and subsequent restriction analysis were used to enable the genotyping of the following TLR polymorphisms in these groups: Arg753Gln, Asp299Gly, and TLR4 Thr399Ile. We found a statistically significant correlation between the presence of allele A of the TLR2 gene (p = 0.0018) and allele G of the TLR4 gene (p = 0.085) and the presence of urogenital diseases.