共查询到20条相似文献,搜索用时 15 毫秒
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The Tianzhu white yak, a domestic yak indigenous to the Qilian Mountains, migrated inland from the Qinghai‐Tibet Plateau. Specific ecological and long‐term artificial selection influenced the evolution of its pure white coat and physiological characteristics. Therefore, it is not only a natural population that represents a genomic selective region of environmental adaptability but is also an animal model for studying the pigmentation of the yak coat. A total of 24 261 829 variants, including 22 445 252 SNPs, were obtained from 29 yaks by genome‐wide re‐sequencing. According to the results of a selective sweep analysis of Tianzhu white yak in comparison to Tibetan yaks, nine candidate genes under selection in Tianzhu white yak were identified by combining π, Tajima's D, πA/πB and FST statistics, with threshold standards of 5%. These genes include PDCD1, NUP210, ABCG8, NEU4, LOC102287650, D2HGDH, COL4A1, RTP5 and HDAC11. Five of the nine genes were classified into 12 molecular signaling pathways, and most of these signaling pathways are involved in environmental information processing, organismal systems and metabolism. A majority of these genes has not been implicated in previous studies of yak coat color and high‐altitude animals. Our findings are helpful not only for explaining the molecular mechanism of yak coat pigmentation but also for exploring the genetic changes in Tianzhu white yak due to environmental adaptation. 相似文献
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Edward J Cargill Thomas R Famula Robert D Schnabel George M Strain Keith E Murphy 《BMC veterinary research》2005,1(1):1-3
Background
The distinctive coat pattern of a Dalmatian is the result of the interaction of several loci. While the encoded function of these genes is not fully understood, it is known the Piebald, Ticking, and Flecking loci interact to produce the Dalmatian's classic pigmented spots on a white background. The color of the pigmented spots in purebred Dalmatians can either be black or liver, but the locus responsible for color determination is unknown. Studies have been conducted to determine the underlying genes involved in coat color determination in the dog, e.g., in the Labrador Retriever, but none to date have addressed black versus liver in the Dalmatian. 相似文献4.
B. Brenig J. Beck C. Floren K. Bornemann‐Kolatzki I. Wiedemann S. Hennecke H. Swalve E. Schütz 《Animal genetics》2013,44(4):450-453
White Galloway cattle exhibit three different white coat colour phenotypes, that is, well marked, strongly marked and mismarked. However, mating of individuals with the preferred well or strongly marked phenotype also results in offspring with the undesired mismarked and/or even fully black coat colour. To elucidate the genetic background of the coat colour variations in White Galloway cattle, we analysed four coat colour relevant genes: mast/stem cell growth factor receptor (KIT), KIT ligand (KITLG), melanocortin 1 receptor (MC1R) and tyrosinase (TYR). Here, we show that the coat colour variations in White Galloway cattle and White Park cattle are caused by a KIT gene (chromosome 6) duplication and aberrant insertion on chromosome 29 (Cs29) as recently described for colour‐sided Belgian Blue. Homozygous (Cs29/Cs29) White Galloway cattle and White Park cattle exhibit the mismarked phenotype, whereas heterozygous (Cs29/wt29) individuals are either well or strongly marked. In contrast, fully black individuals are characterised by the wild‐type chromosome 29. As known for other cattle breeds, mutations in the MC1R gene determine the red colouring. Our data suggest that the white coat colour variations in White Galloway cattle and White Park cattle are caused by a dose‐dependent effect based on the ploidy of aberrant insertions and inheritance of the KIT gene on chromosome 29. 相似文献
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C. M. Rochus K. Westberg Sunesson E. Jonas S. Mikko A. M. Johansson 《Animal genetics》2019,50(6):712-717
By studying genes associated with coat colour, we can understand the role of these genes in pigmentation but also gain insight into selection history. North European short‐tailed sheep, including Swedish breeds, have variation in their coat colour, making them good models to expand current knowledge of mutations associated with coat colour in sheep. We studied ASIP and MC1R, two genes with known roles in pigmentation, and their association with black coat colour. We did this by sequencing the coding regions of ASIP in 149 animals and MC1R in 129 animals from seven native Swedish sheep breeds in individuals with black, white or grey fleece. Previously known mutations in ASIP [recessive black allele: g.100_105del (D5) and/or g.5172T>A] were associated with black coat colour in Klövsjö and Roslag sheep breeds and mutations in both ASIP and MC1R (dominant black allele: c.218T>A and/or c.361G>A) were associated with black coat colour in Swedish Finewool. In Gotland, Gute, Värmland and Helsinge sheep breeds, coat colour inheritance was more complex: only 11 of 16 individuals with black fleece had genotypes that could explain their black colour. These breeds have grey individuals in their populations, and grey is believed to be a result of mutations and allelic copy number variation within the ASIP duplication, which could be a possible explanation for the lack of a clear inheritance pattern in these breeds. Finally, we found a novel missense mutation in MC1R (c.452G>A) in Gotland, Gute and Värmland sheep and evidence of a duplication of MC1R in Gotland sheep. 相似文献
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Melanocyte stimulating hormone receptor (MC1R) has been known as a regulator of eumelanin and phaeomelanin production in the melanocytes, and MC1R mutations causing coat color changes are known in many vertebrates; however, there are no research reports about the differentially expression of MC1R gene and its coding protein in Cashmere goats with different coat color. We examined the presence of MC1R distribution and MC1R protein and gene expression in the white Cashmere goats and black Cashmere goats, respectively; q-PCR, Western blot and immunhistochemical analysis showed that the expression of the MC1R gene in the black Cashmere goats was 3.39 fold more than the white ones (p?<?0.01), and Cashmere goats with black genotype had significantly higher (2.03, p?<?0.01) MC1R protein expression than white genotype in the all investigated samples. Moreover, all Cashmere goats with different coat color available for immunhistochemical analysis showed either lower (white Cashmere goats) or higher (black Cashmere goats) expression of the MC1R protein; these findings suggested that it had a relationship between the MC1R and the coat color of Cashmere goats. That could lay the foundation for the further research of the MC1R and coat color controllability regulation of the Cashmere goats. 相似文献
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G. Dąbrowska K. Hrynkiewicz A. Trejgell C. Baum 《International journal of phytoremediation》2017,19(7):597-604
The test strains Bacteroidetes bacterium (Ba), Pseudomonas fluorescens (Pf) and Variovorax sp. (Va) were selected in advance for their in vitro capability for growth promotion of rapeseed in the presence of increased concentrations of Cd, Cu, Pb and Zn in the medium. In the pot experiment, the strains were used for single Ba, Pf, Va or combined Ba + Pf, Ba + Va, Pf + Va, and Ba + Pf + Va inoculation of B. napus growing in contaminated soil from alluvial deposits. The positive effect of bacterial strains on plant growth was observed in vitro, but was not confirmed in situ in the contaminated soil, where the tested strains inhibited biomass production, rather than stimulating it. However, single inoculation with Ba significantly increased the chlorophyll content and K+ concentration in the leaves. The inoculation of rapeseed with Ba and Va strains was indicated to be the most promising combination for phytoextraction of Cd and Zn from contaminated soil. Combined inoculation with Pf+Va and Pf + Ba+Va significantly decreased the concentration of heavy metals in the roots of rapeseed. We conclude that suitable combinations of PGPR can control the metal uptake of B. napus, selectively increasing either metal extraction or metal stabilization in the rhizosphere and offering promising applications in soil remediation. 相似文献
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In sheep, coat colour (and pattern) is one of the important traits of great biological,
economic and social importance. However, the genetics of sheep coat colour has not yet
been fully clarified. We conducted a genome-wide association study of sheep coat colours
by genotyping 47 303 single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in the Finnsheep
population in Finland. We identified 35 SNPs associated with all the coat colours studied,
which cover genomic regions encompassing three known pigmentation genes (TYRP1,
ASIP and MITF) in sheep. Eighteen of these associations were confirmed
in further tests between white versus non-white individuals, but none of the 35
associations were significant in the analysis of only non-white colours. Across the tests,
the s66432.1 in ASIP showed significant association (P=4.2
× 10−11 for all the colours; P=2.3 ×
10−11 for white versus non-white colours) with the variation in coat
colours and strong linkage disequilibrium with other significant variants surrounding the
ASIP gene. The signals detected around the ASIP gene were explained by
differences in white versus non-white alleles. Further, a genome scan for selection for
white coat pigmentation identified a strong and striking selection signal spanning
ASIP. Our study identified the main candidate gene for the coat colour
variation between white and non-white as ASIP, an autosomal gene that has been
directly implicated in the pathway regulating melanogenesis. Together with ASIP,
the two other newly identified genes (TYRP1 and MITF) in the Finnsheep,
bordering associated SNPs, represent a new resource for enriching sheep coat-colour
genetics and breeding. 相似文献
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A new inbred strain JF1 established from Japanese fancy mouse carrying the classic piebald allele 总被引:3,自引:0,他引:3
Tsuyoshi Koide Kazuo Moriwaki Kikue Uchida Akihiko Mita Tomoko Sagai Hiromichi Yonekawa Hideki Katoh Nobumoto Miyashita Kimiyuk Tsuchiya Toennes J. Nielsen Toshihiko Shiroishi 《Mammalian genome》1998,9(1):15-19
A new inbred strain JF1 (Japanese Fancy Mouse 1) was established from a strain of fancy mouse. Morphological and genetical
analysis indicated that the mouse originated from the Japanese wild mouse, Mus musculus molossinus. JF1 has characteristic coat color, black spots on the white coat, with black eyes. The mutation appeared to be linked to
an old mutation piebald (s). Characterization of the causative gene for piebald, endothelin receptor type B (ednrb), demonstrated that the allele in JF1 is same as that of classic piebald allele, suggesting an identical origin of these
two mutants. Possibly, classic piebald mutation was introduced from the Japanese tame mouse, which was already reported at
the end of the 1700s. We showed that JF1 is a useful strain for mapping of mutant genes on laboratory strains owing to a high
level of polymorphisms in microsatellite markers between JF1 and laboratory strains. The clarified genotypes of JF1 for coat
color are ``aa BB CC DD ss'.
Received: 30 May 1997 / Accepted: 26 August 1997 相似文献
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Prasanna L. Chintapalli J. P. Moss Kiran K. Sharma J. K. Bhalla 《In vitro cellular & developmental biology. Plant》1997,33(1):30-37
Summary The present study is an attempt to exploit somaclonal variation for the varietal improvement of pigeonpea [Cajanus cajan (L) Millsp.]. The pigeonpea plants were regenerated from cotyledon explants, and their progeny was screened for variability.
The regenerated R1 plants exhibited a spectrum of alterations in floral morphology and architecture that were absent in the
control population. The field-sown R2 plants segregated for traits such as flower color, leaf shape, seed size, color and
strophiolation, flowering habit, and fertility. Tissue culture produced different mutational events resulting in both dominant
and recessive alleles. Significant variation was observed for plant height, seed mass, and damage due to the insect pest Helicoverpa armigera. The R3 plants, obtained from seed of R2 generation selected for traits such as white seed coat, strophiolation, reduced
plant height, seed mass and low damage due to Helicoverpa, maintained the traits when compared with the seed-derived control populations. The results indicate a definite gene for
white seed coat and the possibility of additional genes for pest tolerance and high seed mass in an adapted background.
Submitted as Journal Article No. 1906 by International Crops Research Institute for the Semi-Arid Tropics (ICRISAT). 相似文献
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Mukhlesur Rahman Genyi Li Dana Schroeder Peter B. E. McVetty 《Molecular breeding : new strategies in plant improvement》2010,26(3):439-453
Seed coat color inheritance in Brassica napus was studied in F1, F2, F3 and backcross progenies from crosses of five black seeded varieties/lines to three pure breeding yellow seeded lines. Maternal
inheritance was observed for seed coat color in B. napus, but a pollen effect was also found when yellow seeded lines were used as the female parent. Seed coat color segregated from
black to dark brown, light brown, dark yellow, light yellow, and yellow. Seed coat color was found to be controlled by three
genes, the first two genes were responsible for black/brown seed coat color and the third gene was responsible for dark/light
yellow seed coat color in B. napus. All three seed coat color alleles were dominant over yellow color alleles at all three loci. Sequence related amplified polymorphism
(SRAP) was used for the development of molecular markers co-segregating with the seed coat color genes. A SRAP marker (SA12BG18388) tightly linked to one of the black/brown seed coat color genes was identified in the F2 and backcross populations. This marker was found to be anchored on linkage group A9/N9 of the A-genome of B. napus. This SRAP marker was converted into sequence-characterized amplification region (SCAR) markers using chromosome-walking technology.
A second SRAP marker (SA7BG29245), very close to another black/brown seed coat color gene, was identified from a high density
genetic map developed in our laboratory using primer walking from an anchoring marker. The marker was located on linkage group
C3/N13 of the C-genome of B. napus. This marker also co-segregated with the black/brown seed coat color gene in B. rapa. Based on the sequence information of the flanking sequences, 24 single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) were identified between
the yellow seeded and black/brown seeded lines. SNP detection and genotyping clearly differentiated the black/brown seeded
plants from dark/light/yellow-seeded plants and also differentiated between homozygous (Y2Y2) and heterozygous (Y2y2) black/brown
seeded plants. A total of 768 SRAP primer pair combinations were screened in dark/light yellow seed coat color plants and
a close marker (DC1GA27197) linked to the dark/light yellow seed coat color gene was developed. These three markers linked
to the three different yellow seed coat color genes in B. napus can be used to screen for yellow seeded lines in canola/rapeseed breeding programs. 相似文献
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Michael Y. Galperin Sergei L. Mekhedov Pere Puigbo Sergey Smirnov Yuri I. Wolf Daniel J. Rigden 《Environmental microbiology》2012,14(11):2870-2890
Three classes of low‐G+C Gram‐positive bacteria (Firmicutes), Bacilli, Clostridia and Negativicutes, include numerous members that are capable of producing heat‐resistant endospores. Spore‐forming firmicutes include many environmentally important organisms, such as insect pathogens and cellulose‐degrading industrial strains, as well as human pathogens responsible for such diseases as anthrax, botulism, gas gangrene and tetanus. In the best‐studied model organism Bacillus subtilis, sporulation involves over 500 genes, many of which are conserved among other bacilli and clostridia. This work aimed to define the genomic requirements for sporulation through an analysis of the presence of sporulation genes in various firmicutes, including those with smaller genomes than B. subtilis. Cultivable spore‐formers were found to have genomes larger than 2300 kb and encompass over 2150 protein‐coding genes of which 60 are orthologues of genes that are apparently essential for sporulation in B. subtilis. Clostridial spore‐formers lack, among others, spoIIB, sda, spoVID and safA genes and have non‐orthologous displacements of spoIIQ and spoIVFA, suggesting substantial differences between bacilli and clostridia in the engulfment and spore coat formation steps. Many B. subtilis sporulation genes, particularly those encoding small acid‐soluble spore proteins and spore coat proteins, were found only in the family Bacillaceae, or even in a subset of Bacillus spp. Phylogenetic profiles of sporulation genes, compiled in this work, confirm the presence of a common sporulation gene core, but also illuminate the diversity of the sporulation processes within various lineages. These profiles should help further experimental studies of uncharacterized widespread sporulation genes, which would ultimately allow delineation of the minimal set(s) of sporulation‐specific genes in Bacilli and Clostridia. 相似文献
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Regula Hauswirth Rony Jude Bianca Haase Rebecca R. Bellone Sheila Archer Heather Holl Samantha A. Brooks Teruaki Tozaki Maria Cecilia T. Penedo Stefan Rieder Tosso Leeb 《Animal genetics》2013,44(6):763-765
Variants in the EDNRB, KIT, MITF, PAX3 and TRPM1 genes are known to cause white spotting phenotypes in horses, which can range from the common white markings up to completely white horses. In this study, we investigated these candidate genes in 169 horses with white spotting phenotypes not explained by the previously described variants. We identified a novel missense variant, PAX3:p.Pro32Arg, in Appaloosa horses with a splashed white phenotype in addition to their leopard complex spotting patterns. We also found three novel variants in the KIT gene. The splice site variant c.1346+1G>A occurred in a Swiss Warmblood horse with a pronounced depigmentation phenotype. The missense variant p.Tyr441Cys was present in several part‐bred Arabians with sabino‐like depigmentation phenotypes. Finally, we provide evidence suggesting that the common and widely distributed KIT:p.Arg682His variant has a very subtle white‐increasing effect, which is much less pronounced than the effect of the other described KIT variants. We termed the new KIT variants W18–W20 to provide a simple and unambiguous nomenclature for future genetic testing applications. 相似文献
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L. Fontanesi E. D’Alessandro E. Scotti L. Liotta A. Crovetti V. Chiofalo V. Russo 《Animal genetics》2010,41(5):478-492
Mutations in the porcine KIT gene (Dominant white locus) have been shown to affect coat colours and colour distribution in pigs. We analysed this gene in several pig breeds and populations (Sicilian black, completely black or with white patches; Cinta Senese; grey local population; Large White; Duroc; Hampshire; Pietrain; wild boar; Meishan) with different coat colours and patterns, genotyping a few polymorphisms. The 21 exons and parts of the intronic regions were sequenced in these pigs and 69 polymorphisms were identified. The grey-roan coat colour observed in a local grey population was completely associated with a 4-bp deletion of intron 18 in a single copy KIT gene, providing evidence that this mutation characterizes the Id allele described in the early genetic literature. The white patches observed in black Sicilian pigs were not completely associated with the presence of a duplicated KIT allele (Ip), suggesting that genetic heterogeneity is a possible cause of different coat colours in this breed. Selection signature was evident at the KIT gene in two different belted pig breeds, Hampshire and Cinta Senese. The same mutation(s) may cause the belted phenotype in these breeds that originated in the 18th–19th centuries from English pigs (Hampshire) and in Tuscany (Italy) in the 14th century (Cinta Senese). Phylogenetic relationships of 28 inferred KIT haplotypes indicated two clades: one of Asian origin that included Meishan and a few Sicilian black haplotypes and another of European origin. 相似文献