植物生长调节物质的研究进展

述评了近几年国内外在植物激素与植物体内信使的传递、植物激素与基因诱导和表达、植物生长物质的复合使用、新型植物生长物质的开发及植物激素对提高植物抗逆性的作用等方面的研究进展,并展望了植物生长物质的发展趋势。     

植物生长物质研讨会暨《植物生长调节剂应用》丛书编委会议纪要

植物生长物质研讨会暨《植物生长调节剂应用》丛书编委会议于 2 0 0 1年 5月 8～ 10日在北京召开。该会议由中国植物生理学会生长物质专业委员会主办 ,中国农业大学作物化控研究中心承办。娄成后院士、潘瑞炽、韩碧文等 16位先生及学会代表 ,化工出版社总编审等出席了会议。娄成后院士在会上谈了 2 1世纪我国植物生长物质研究、应用的前景。原生长物质分会历届理事长和本届生长物质专业委员会主任委员在会上分别作了发言。他们一致认为 ,年轻的植物生长物质工作者要不断发扬生长物质应用生产实践的优势、加强生长物质基础理论的研究、不断地…     

全国植物生长物质学术讨论会

中国植物生理学会和中国植物学会于1989年4月17日至21日在江苏南京市联合召开了全国植物生长物质学术讨论会。来自北京、上海、江苏等16个省市的52位植物激素工作者参加了会议。会议的议程有:①交流近几年来我国科技人员在植物生长物质研究方面的成果;②介绍1988年7月在加拿大召开的第13届国际植物生长物质会议的情况;③讨论1991年在北京召开第14届国际植物生长物质会议的筹备工作。     

植物生长物质的应用

一、植物生长物质的概念 生长物质的分类 植物生长物质是指能够调节和控制植物生长发育的一类化学物质。可分为植物自身合成的内源激素和人工合成的生长调节剂。前者包括生长素类(IAA)、赤霉素类(GA)、细胞分裂素类(CTK)、脱落酸     

日本在蔬菜和果树上应用植物生长调节物质的近况

1983年趁在日本松山参加日本植物生理学会之机,顺便了解了植物生长调节物质在日本的应用情况。在日本,作为农业生产技术重要一环的生长调节物质已广泛使用。植物生长调节剂的应用可以追溯到第二次世界大战结束后的1950年,他们首先将2,4-D应用于水稻田的除草,后来越来越多的各种类型的除草剂及植物生长调节物质相继问世,并陆续用于农业生产。现在仅就植物生长调节物质在蔬菜及果树上应用的状况作一简单介绍。     

植物生长物质研究的进展

植物生长物质研究是植物生理学中一个十分重要的部分,因为它们是植物生长发育的内在调节因子,并能直接应用子农林园艺生产。大量的基础研究工作集中于阐明激素生理作用,体内生物合成和代谢途径,作用机制以及新的生长物质分离鉴定、合成和筛选。近年来,分子生物学迅猛发展,影响到生命科学的各个领域,植物生长物质研究也正向分子水平深入。1988年在加拿大召开的第13届国际植物生长     

新型植物生长物质—BRs研究的进展

1979年,人们首次从油菜花粉中分离出油菜素内酯(brassinolide)[BR]。由于这个新型内酯具有独特的生理活性,所以被认为这是自赤霉素发现以来植物生长物质领域里最重要的发现。近10年中,油菜素内酯及与其有关的植物生长物质-油菜素内酯衍生物(brassinosteroids)[BR_s]的研究已有了很大进展。这组新的植物生长物质被誉为第六种类型的植物激素。     

植物组织内多胺含量的测定

多胺作为植物体内一种新的生长调节物质,越来越受到人们的重视,第十二届植物生长物质会议已将多胺列入专题讨论。由于内源多胺的含量与植物的生长发育状态是密切相关的,因此准确而快速地测定植物组织内多胺的含量是非常必要的。本工作采用高效液相色谱法(HPLC)对各种植物组     

水稻Rop基因OsRac5表达特性

Rop在植物生长、发育、免疫及环境信号应答等多种生物学过程中具有重要作用。已有研究显示水稻Rop基因OsRac5可能与育性控制有关,但是该基因的表达特性,以及非生物胁迫和植物生长物质对其表达的影响尚不清楚。本文采用qRT-PCR技术检测了OsRac5在水稻生长发育过程中、非生物胁迫以及植物生长物质处理条件下的表达特性,结果显示OsRac5在水稻生长发育过程中在多种组织广泛表达,尤其在根和雌雄蕊形成期的幼穗中高表达;干旱、高盐和低温等非生物胁迫均能诱导OsRac5表达;ABA、GAs、6-BA等植物生长物质能上调OsRac5基因表达,提示该基因与水稻幼穗发育、抗逆性及细胞生长等过程相关。     

蕨类植物配子体发育及其性器官分化的研究进展

作者概述了蕨类植物生活周期中不同发育阶段的特点,并着重介绍了光、植物生长调节物质、水和温度等因素对蕨类植物配子体发育的影响以及成精子囊素、光、钙离子和其它植物生长调节物质在性器官形成和分化过程中的作用。同时作者对蕨类植物性器官分化的不稳定性进行了探讨、并结合目前蕨类植物性器官分化的遗传学和分子生物学研究的最新进展,说明蕨类植物作为研究系统在植物生物学研究领域中的优势。     

Participation of Phytohormones in the Stomatal Regulation of Gas Exchange During Water Stress

Almost all processes in the life of a plant are directly or indirectly affected by both stresses and phytohormones. Nevertheless, apart from abscisic acid, the role of phytohormones in plant response to water stress is far from being fully elucidated. This review tries to answer the question whether interactions between abscisic acid and some other phytohormones might be important in the regulation of stomatal opening during water stress and subsequent rehydration. Firstly, it describes the changes in the contents of individual endogenous phytohormones during water stress. Then, it deals with the effects of applied phytohormones on stomatal opening, and on transpiration and photosynthetic rates in different plants species. Finally, it focuses on the alleviation or stimulation of absicic acid-induced stomatal closure by application of other phytohormones. This revised version was published online in July 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date.     

Plant nitrogen availability and crosstalk with phytohormones signallings and their biotechnology breeding application in crops

Nitrogen (N), one of the most important nutrients, limits plant growth and crop yields in sustainable agriculture system, in which phytohormones are known to play essential roles in N availability. Hence, it is not surprising that massive studies about the crosstalk between N and phytohormones have been constantly emerging. In this review, with the intellectual landscape of N and phytohormones crosstalk provided by the bibliometric analysis, we trace the research story of best-known crosstalk between N and various phytohormones over the last 20 years. Then, we discuss how N regulates various phytohormones biosynthesis and transport in plants. In reverse, we also summarize how phytohormones signallings modulate root system architecture (RSA) in response to N availability. Besides, we expand to outline how phytohormones signallings regulate uptake, transport, and assimilation of N in plants. Further, we conclude advanced biotechnology strategies, explain their application, and provide potential phytohormones-regulated N use efficiency (NUE) targets in crops. Collectively, this review provides not only a better understanding on the recent progress of crosstalk between N and phytohormones, but also targeted strategies for improvement of NUE to increase crop yields in future biotechnology breeding of crops.     

高效液相色谱法同时检测棉花根中的多种植物激素

目的：探寻高效液相色谱同时检测棉花根中多种植物激素含量的方法。方法：采用WatersC18反相色谱柱（4.6×250mm,5μm）,在柱温为35℃、流速为1mL.min-1的条件下,以乙腈和三乙胺溶液为流动相梯度洗脱,在每种物质的保留时间附近切换至最大吸收峰（GA3除外）波长作为检测波长,并与254nm同一波长检测多种植物激素含量的方法进行比较,分离和检测棉花根中的玉米素（Z）、玉米素核苷（ZR）、赤霉酸（GA3）、生长素（IAA）和脱落酸（ABA）的含量。结果：切换波长法检测5种植物激素的灵敏度和回收率均较高,检出限均较低。回收率为：Z 96.82%、ZR 94.14%、GA3 92.75%、IAA 93.38%、ABA 95.57%;检出限为：Z 0.1μg.mL-1、ZR 0.1μg.mL-1、GA3 0.5μg.mL-1、IAA 0.3μg.mL-1;ABA 0.05μg.mL-1,能准确检测出棉花根中Z、ZR、GA3、IAA和ABA的含量。结论：采用Waters C18反相色谱柱（4.6×250mm,5μm）,在柱温为35℃、流速为1mL.min-1的条件下,以乙腈和三乙胺溶液为流动相梯度洗脱,结合切换波长法能同时检测出植物组织中多种植物激素含量。     

Hormonal Control of Sucrose Phosphate Synthase and Sucrose Synthase in Sugar Beet

We studied the effects of synthetic analogs of phytohormones (benzyladenine, IAA, and GA) on the activities of the enzymes catalyzing sucrose synthesis and metabolism, sucrose phosphate synthase (SPS, EC 2.4.1.14) and sucrose synthase (SS, EC 2.4.1.13), and on the content of chlorophyll and protein during the sugar-beet (Beta vulgaris L.) ontogeny. Plant spraying with phytohormonal preparations activated SPS in leaves; direct interaction between phytohormones and the enzyme also increased its activity. The degree of this activation differed during the ontogeny and in dependence on the compound used for treatment. Analogs of phytohormones maintained high protein level in leaves, retarded chlorophyll breakdown, and, thus, prolonged leaf functional activity during development. Phytohormonal preparations practically did not affect the SS activity both after plant treatment and at their direct interaction with the enzyme. It is supposed that the SS activity in sugar-beet roots is controlled by sucrose synthesized in leaves rather than by phytohormones. The effects of hormones on leaf metabolism were mainly manifested in growth activation.     

干旱胁迫对枳橙内源激素含量的影响

目的:研究干旱胁迫对枳橙内源激素含量的影响。方法:以一年生枳橙砧木苗为试验材料,采用盆栽试验,测定不同土壤失水率下枳橙叶片以及失水率为40%时枳橙根中内源激素含量的变化。结果:当土壤失水率为40%时,枳橙根和叶片中GA3和Z含量均降低、IAA含量增加,而根中ABA含量降低,叶片中ABA含量增加。不同土壤失水率下,叶片中ABA含量随失水率增加逐渐上升,IAA含量先上升后下降,当失水率为50%时达到最高,GA3和Z含量都呈先下降后上升再下降的变化趋势。结论:枳橙的内源激素受干旱胁迫影响。轻度胁迫下IAA等促进枳橙生长的内源激素含量增加,说明适度的干旱胁迫能促进枳橙的生长发育。     

The role of phytohormone signaling in ozone-induced cell death in plants

Ozone is the main photochemical oxidant that causes leaf damage in many plant species, and can thereby significantly decrease the productivity of crops and forests. When ozone is incorporated into plants, it produces reactive oxygen species (ROS), such as superoxide radicals and hydrogen peroxide. These ROS induce the synthesis of several plant hormones, such as ethylene, salicylic acid, and jasmonic acid. These phytohormones are required for plant growth, development, and defense responses, and regulate the extent of leaf injury in ozone-fumigated plants. Recently, responses to ozone have been studied using genetically modified plants and mutants with altered hormone levels or signaling pathways. These researches have clarified the roles of phytohormones and the complexity of their signaling pathways. The present paper reviews the biosynthesis of the phytohormones ethylene, salicylic acid, and jasmonic acid, their roles in plant responses to ozone, and multiple interactions between these phytohormones in ozone-exposed plants.Key words: cross-talk, ethylene, jasmonic acid, ozone, phytohormones, programmed cell death, salicylic acid, signaling pathways     

Induction of Embryogenic Callus and Histocytological Study on Embryoid Development of Angelica sinensis (Oily.) Diels

The common calluses derived from roots of Angelica sinensis were treated with phytohormones and different kinds of organic adjuvants with various concentrations to induce embryogenic callus. The phytohormones obviously affected embryogenic callus induction and the process of globular, heartshaped, torpedo and cotyledon stages. They could emerge from both inside and surface of calluses. In the developmental process, the embryoid still kept in contact with the base of callus from which it arose.     

水稻根分泌激素调节生长速度

植物激素是植物体内合成的一类重要小分子物质,其含量可因外界条件变化而改变,并作为信号物质调控植物生长发育和适应环境。水培所用介质体积过小会造成植物生长受限、植株矮小,通常认为是小体积生长介质中营养成分不足所致。研究表明,在不同体积且不含任何营养物质的纯水中培养的水稻(Oryza sativa)亦表现出不同的生长速度,幼...     

Anthocyanin, bisabolol and phenylammonialyase activity in cell cultures of Populus deltoides

Phenolics, anthocyanin and alpha-bisabolol production from poplar (Populus delotides) in tissue culture was determined. A number of phenolic acids were identified by HPLC. PAL activity in response to phytohormones, cells growth and anthocyanin production showed a positive correlation. A component, alpha-bisabolol, was identified using gas chromatography and UV spectroscopy. In vitro production of said metabolites was influenced by phytohormones.     

Interplay of phytohormones and epigenetic regulation: A recipe for plant development and plasticity

Both phytohormone signaling and epigenetic mechanisms have long been known to play crucial roles in plant development and plasticity in response to ambient stimuli.Indeed,diverse signaling pathways mediated by phytohormones and epigenetic processes integrate multiple upstream signals to regulate various plant traits.Emerging evidence indicates that phytohormones and epigenetic processes interact at multiple levels.In this review,we summarize the current knowledge of the interplay between phytoho...