在胚胎发育中第三脑室室管膜细胞表达乙酰胆碱转移酶

目的在研究胚胎14天（E14）大鼠端脑放射状胶质细胞与胆碱能前体细胞的关系时发现,第三脑室室管膜细胞和侧脑室脉络丛上皮细胞均表达胆碱能神经元标志性蛋白,即乙酰胆碱转移酶（Choline acetyltransferase,ChAT）。方法E14大鼠端脑冠状连续切片,采用免疫组织化学染色法,分别对放射状胶质细胞标志性蛋白,即波形蛋白（Vi men-tin）和乙酰胆碱转移酶进行免疫组织化学染色。结果E14大鼠端脑室管膜细胞呈单层衬于第三脑室,在背中侧的室管膜细胞由单层增殖为复层。上皮基底部与邻近组织分界不清,这些细胞的游离面胞质呈乙酰胆碱转移酶免疫反应阳性,在邻近的第三脑室周围局部形成乙酰胆碱转移酶阳性细胞群。在相邻切片的同一区域内复层室管膜细胞波形蛋白免疫反应阴性。结论第三脑室背中侧室管膜细胞作为神经干细胞分裂、增殖,产生胆碱能前体细胞,并向第三脑室周围组织迁移,形成基底前脑神经核团的Ch5,Ch6胆碱能神经细胞群。     

第三脑室注射组胺及其受体激动剂对五肽促胃液素诱导的大鼠胃酸分泌的影响

本文报道第三脑室注射组胺(0.25—2.0μg/5μl)对五肽促胃液素诱导的胃酸分泌的双重影响。雄性Wistar大鼠,重200—300g,戊巴比妥钠腹腔麻醉。用37℃生理盐水通过恒流泵进行连续胃灌流。在静脉恒速灌注五肽促胃液素(7.5μg/kg·h)的基础上,第三脑室注射组胺(0.25μg/5μl)或H_1受体激动剂2-Pyridylethylamine(PEA,10μg/5μl),10min后总酸排出量即开始减少,90min仍未恢复。组胺剂量增至1.0μg或2.0μg时,出现双重效应。部份动物(分别占73％或50％)胃酸分泌减少,另一部分动物(27％或50％)胃酸分泌增多。H_2受体激动剂dimaprit(10μg/5μl)或impromidine(0.1μg/5μl)对胃酸分泌无明显影响。苯海拉明(16μg/0.2ml或32μg/0.2ml,i.m.)预处理可分别取消组胺和PEA的抑胃酸效应。这些结果提示:脑内组胺可能参与胃酸分泌中枢调节。其抑制效应似通过H_1受体介导;双重效应的机制有待进一步研究。     

第三脑室注射组胺及其受体激动剂对五肽促胃液素诱导...

The present study shows the dual effects of intraventricularly injected histamine (0.25-2.0 micrograms/5 microliters) on pentagastrin-induced gastric acid secretion. Male Wistar rats weighing 200-300 g were anesthetized with intraperitoneal sodium pentobarbital. Gastric acid was continuously washed out with 37 degrees C saline solution by means of a perfusion pump. On the background of continuous intravenous infusion of pentagastrin [7.5 micrograms/(kg.h),] histamine (0.25 microgram/5 microliters) or 2-pyridylethylamine (PEA, 10 micrograms/5 microliters), a H1-receptor agonist, was injected into the third ventricle through a chronically implanted canula. The acid output decreased 10 min after injection and did not recover at 90 min. When the dose of histamine was increased to 1.0 micrograms or 2.0 micrograms, dual effects appeared. The acid output decreased respectively in 73% or 50% of the animals, while in the rest 27% and 50% of the animals, the acid output increased. H2-receptor agonist dimaprit (10 micrograms/5 microliters, i.c.v.) or impromidine (0.1 micrograms/5 microliters, i.c.v.) had no pronounced effect on pentagastrin-induced acid secretion. Pretreatment with diphenhydramine (16 micrograms/0.2 ml or 32 micrograms/0.2 ml, i.m.) abolished the inhibitory effect of histamine and PEA on acid secretion. These results suggest that histamine may be involved in the central regulation of gastric acid secretion, and the inhibitory effect may be mediated by H1-receptors in the brain. The mechanism underlying the production of the dual effects of histamine is unknown.     

第三脑室注射组织胺增强五肽促胃液素诱导的胃酸分泌的作用机制

本文探讨中枢组织胺增强胃酸分泌的作用机制。雄性ＳＤ大鼠重２００－３００ｇ,用３７℃生理盐水做恒速,连续胃灌流。膈下迷走神经切除后,观察第三脑室或外周给药对五肽促胃激素诱导的胃酸分泌及对血交涉以质酮水平的影响。结果如下：１．第三脑室注射１．０μｇ组织胺增强Ｇ－５诱导的胃酸分泌,这作用可为预先肌肉注射苯海拉明８．０μｇ听阻断。２．脑注射促肾上腺皮质激素释放因子增强因酸分泌,且呈量效关系。３．脑室注射组     

额底纵裂入路手术对鞍上第三脑室底垂体瘤的疗效分析

目的：分析经额底纵裂入路治疗鞍上第三脑室底垂体瘤的疗效,探讨其临床适用性。方法：选择从2011年1月~2013年1月与我院行额底纵裂入路手术治疗的30例鞍上第三脑室底垂体瘤的患者,术中行单侧额或双侧额弧形切口,根据术中所见肿瘤位置,由终板、视神经一颈内动脉等存在的生理间隙处切除肿瘤,观察所有患者的手术疗效。结果：所有患者术中可见肿瘤位于鞍内鞍上,部分或全部突入第三脑室底,其中有6例患者伴有脑积水。术中肿瘤全切23例,次全切5例,大部切除2例,无手术死亡病例。术前25例患者视力减退,术后23例患者视力均获得不同程度改善,仅1例暂无明显变化。术后19例出现电解质紊乱,患者经治疗后均已纠正;12例出现不同程度的尿崩症,给予患者药物治疗后,病情得到缓解。术后随访6个月,23例肿瘤全切患者病灶无复发,另外4例次全切者病灶也无明显变化,仅1例次全切和2例大部切除患者于术后行伽马刀再次治疗。结论：经额底纵裂入路治疗鞍上第三脑室底垂体瘤可以达到视野清晰,直观下进行肿瘤切除,手术效果好,并发症较少,适合临床长期推广应用。     

第四脑室注射Orexin-A对大鼠饮食摄取条件性位置偏爱的影响

目的:探讨第四脑室注射orexin-A(OXA)对大鼠饮食摄取条件性位置偏爱的影响。方法:将30只大鼠随机分成3组,即对照组,低剂量组和高剂量组,第四脑室分别注射生理盐水(NS)、orexin-A或orexin-A受体拮抗剂SB334867,观察大鼠按压杠杆获取蔗糖的次数和最高频率的变化。再选择30只大鼠,第四脑室注射orexin-A和SB334867,观察大鼠对高脂饮食(HF)食物的摄入量。另选取30只大鼠第四脑室注射orexin-A或SB334867,将大鼠置于条件位置偏爱箱来检测大鼠对HF条件性位置偏爱的变化。结果:与对照组相比,24小时禁食大鼠,第四脑室注射orexin-A,可显著增加大鼠按压杠杆获取蔗糖的次数和最高频率(P0.05)。而SB334867可显著降低大鼠按压杠杆获取蔗糖次数以及最大频率(P0.05)。第四脑室注射orexin-A,可使大鼠HF摄入量显著增加(P0.05),第四脑室注射SB334867,不影响大鼠HF摄入量,但会抑制普通饮食的摄入(P0.05)。第四脑室注射orexin-A能增强对HF饮食位置偏爱性的表达,注射SB334867后会显著抑制大鼠对HF饮食位置偏爱性的表达(P0.05)。结论:第四脑室注射Orexin-A可影响大鼠摄食行为,增加高脂饮食的摄入量,增强对HF饮食位置偏爱性的表达。     

高分子量激肽原富含组氨酸区域抑制细胞伸展的机制分析

活化型高分子量激肽原 (activehighmolecularweightkininogen ,HKa)是组织培养板上体外连接蛋白 (vitronectin ,VN)促使细胞伸展的潜在抑制物 ,已证实轻链的富含组氨酸区域 (histidine richdomain ,HRD)是HKa抗细胞伸展的活性区域 .HK的重组HRD (r HRD)能够促使成纤维细胞伸展 .通过基于HRD序列的选择肽分析 ,定位了HRD的细胞伸展序列 .5个肽中的 3个能够使TIG 3细胞伸展 .P 1肽引起的细胞伸展能够被可溶性P 5肽或HKa所抑制 .P 2肽不能抑制P 1或P 5肽引起的细胞伸展 .r HRD以及 3种肽介导的细胞伸展能够被RGD合成肽以及抗αvβ3或α5β1整合素抗体所抑制 .结果提示 ,选择肽引起的细胞伸展是由整合素介导的 ,尽管此区域不含有RGD序列     

一氧化氮促进体外培养大鼠脑室下区神经干细胞的分化

目的：探讨一氧化氮（NO）对新生大鼠体外培养的神经干细胞（NSCs）分化的作用。方法：采用常规方法分离新生大鼠脑室下区（SVZ）组织,进行NSCs体外培养。用DETA／NO作为NO供体,用L-NAME作为一氧化氮合酶（NOS）抑制剂。免疫荧光法检测NSCs标志物-巢蛋白（nestin）、神经元标志物-8Ⅲ型微管蛋白（Tuj-1）和星型胶质细胞标志物-胶质原纤维酸性蛋白（GFAP）的表达,还检测了神经元型NOS的表达。用Greiss还原法检测培养液中总NO的浓度。结果：培养的神经球均为nestin阳性、BIdu阳性和nNOS阳性。NSCs和40μmol／L、50μmol／L、60μmol／LDEFA／N0共培养5d,实验组培养液中N0浓度较对照组显著增高（P〈0．01）,相应实验组分化的神经元数和星型胶质细胞数较对照组明显增加（P〈0．01和P〈0．05）。NSCs和100μmol／L、150μmol／L、200μmol／LL-NAME共培养5d,实验组培养液中NO浓度较对照组降低（P〈0．05）,相应实验组分化的神经元数和星型胶质细胞数也较对照组减少（P〈0．05）。结论：NO能直接促进大鼠SVZ体外培养的NSCs分化。     

大鼠下丘脑内一氧化氮合酶阳性神经元的分布

用ＮＡＤＰＨ－ｄ组织化学方法观察了大白鼠下丘脑内一氧化氮合酶（ＮＤＳ）阳性神经元的分布及形态特征。结果显示：在视上核、室旁核的大细胞部、环状核、穹窿周核、下丘脑外侧区、下丘脑腹内侧核、下丘脑背内侧核、乳头体区大部分核团均可见一氧化氮合酶阳性神经元聚集成团。在视前内侧区、视前外侧区、下丘脑前区、下丘脑背侧区、下丘脑后区、室周核、室旁核小细胞部及穹窿内可见散在的一氧化氮合酶阳性神经元。室周核内可见呈阳性反应的接触脑脊液神经元的胞体及突起。一氧化氮合酶阳性神经元大多可见突起,有的突起上可见１～２级分支,并可见膨体。下丘脑大部分区域内可见阳性神经纤维。弓状核内可见许多弧形纤维连于第三脑室室管膜和正中隆起。     

刺猬消化道嗜银细胞形态与分布

通过用龙桂开浸银法对刺猬消化道各段进行组织切片观察,结果表明嗜银细胞分布于胃贲门及以下所有消化管,其中胃、十二指肠与小肠末段嗜银细胞分布密度较高,小肠中段及直肠末段密度较低。嗜银细胞分布于消化管壁粘膜层腺体与绒毛,其中在腺体密度较高,在绒毛较低,并且胃、小肠壁固有膜腺体的中、底部密度最高,另外在胃幽门有狭小的高密度分布区。嗜银细胞有锥体形、瓜子形、椭圆形、长梭形、圆形等。锥体形、瓜子形、长梭形多有明显的长突起。嗜银颗粒或充满整个细胞,或集中于突起端或基底部。细胞外常可见到刚释放的嗜银颗粒,特别是锥体形、瓜子形细胞的尖端处常可见到向腺管腔或肠腔释放的嗜银颗粒。     

Nucleolin and Nucleoli in Ependymocytes and Tanycytes of the Third Ventricle of the Rat Brain

The aim of the present study was to compare structure of the nucleoli of ependymocytes, tanycytes, and secretory cells of the subcommissural organ using immunohistochemical staining for nucleolin and confocal laser microscopy. The study was performed in samples from the diencephalon of adult male Wistar rats (n = 6). The samples were fixed in zinc–ethanol–formaldehyde, a fixative providing a high level of preservation of antigen determinants. In the present study, we estimated diameters of nucleoli and their number in various types of cells lining the third ventricle. We compared for the first time the nucleoli of different subpopulations of tanycytes and report data on the distribution of nucleolin protein in the cells lining the ventricles. The content and location of nucleolin reflect the functional state of the cell. Our data will promote understanding of the interrelationships between the indices of the nucleolar apparatus and the functional state of the cell under various conditions, including stress, neoplastic transformation, and other pathological conditions.     

Localization of Angiopoietin-1 and Tie2 Immunoreactivity in Rodent Ependyma and Adjacent Blood Vessels Suggests Functional Relationships

Angiopoietin-1 (Angpt1; previously Ang-1) participates in vascular maintenance and remodeling. In the current study, we investigated the distribution of Angpt1 protein in rat brain. We detected Angpt1 immunoreactivity (IR) in cerebral blood vessels, cuboidal ependyma, and tanycytes, which are specialized hypothalamic bipolar ependymal cells. We also evaluated patterns of IR of endothelium-specific receptor tyrosine kinase 2 (Tie2, the receptor for Angpt1). Tie2 IR was present in Angpt1-immunoreactive cuboidal ependyma in a membranous pattern, suggesting an autocrine or paracrine role for Angpt1–Tie2. Tie2 IR was also associated with peri-ependymal blood vessels, some of which were contacted by tips of Angpt1-immunoreactive tanycyte processes, implying a potential functional ligand−receptor interaction mediating communication between the cerebrospinal fluid and vascular compartments. Because we previously found that cerebral Angpt1 expression was modulated by 17β-estradiol (E2), and because some tanycyte functions are modulated by E2, we tested the hypothesis that E2 affects ependymal and tanycyte Angpt1 expression in vivo. No gross E2 effect on the ependymal pattern of Angpt1 IR or cerebral Angpt1 protein content was observed. (J Histochem Cytochem 58:53–60, 2010)     

吗啡耐受增加福尔马林致痛大鼠脊髓Fos和NADPH-d阳性神经元的表达

运用Ｆｏｓ免疫组织化学、ＮＡＤＰＨ－ｄ组织化学及Ｆｏｓ／ＮＡＤＰＨ－ｄ双标技术,研究了吗啡耐受对福尔马林致痛大鼠脊髓Ｆｏｓ、ＮＡＤＰＨ－ｄ阳性及Ｆｏｓ／ＮＡＤＰＨ－ｄ双标神经元表达的影响。结果观察到：在非吗啡耐受大鼠,福尔马林诱发的Ｆｏｓ－ｌｉｋｅ ｉｍｍｕｎｏｒｅａｃｔｉｖｉｔｙ（Ｆｏｓ－ＬＩ）主要分布在同侧脊髓背角浅层和颈部,急性静注吗啡可减少Ｆｏｓ－ＬＩ表达;长时间应用吗啡导致福尔马林诱发的     

多肠目薄背涡虫生殖系统结构及一氧化氮合酶组化研究

运用常规组织学方法和NADPH-d组织化学方法,研究了薄背涡虫 Notoplana humilis 生殖系统的组织结构和一氧化氮合酶的分布.其雄性生殖系统包括精巢、储精囊、阴茎、雄性生殖孔,精巢壁由一薄层薄膜组成,每个精巢内都含有不同发育时期的雄性生殖细胞,且精子发育无明显同步性;储精囊呈螺旋状排列在雄性生殖孔附近,囊壁由单层扁平上皮组成;阴茎为粗大的球形,外壁由柱状上皮细胞和数层肌细胞组成.雌性生殖系统包括输卵管、生殖腔、雌性生殖孔和受精囊,但不形成集中的卵巢和卵黄腺.雌雄生殖孔、生殖腔、受精囊、阴茎等部位呈NADPH-d强阳性反应.     

虎斑颈槽蛇脑一氧化氮合酶NADPH-d组织化学定位研究

运用NADPH—d组织化学方法,对虎斑颈槽蛇脑的一氧化氮合酶进行了定位研究。结果表明：阳性反应主要位于脑的大脑半球、视上核、室旁核、联合下器官、内侧纵束、室旁灰质、蓝斑以及网状结构等区域,比较讨论了与其他脊椎动物的异同。分析一氧化氮作为神经信号分子除了参与各类动物共有的一些机能的调节以外,不同类群或种类中还参与某些特定生理功能的调节。     

瘦露螽配子发生中一氧化氮合酶的分布

利用还原型烟酰胺腺嘌呤二核苷酸(NADPH)黄递酶组织化学方法,对瘦露螽Phaneroptera gracilis Burmeister配子发生中一氧化氮合酶(nitric oxide synthase, NOS)分布进行了定位研究。结果表明, 一氧化氮合酶阳性反应发生在瘦露螽精子发生中的各级生精细胞的胞质中,成熟精子呈阴性。各级未成熟卵母细胞胞质均呈一氧化氮合酶阳性反应,胞质着色为深蓝黑色,核区不明显。随着卵黄颗粒的逐渐形成,胞质中的一氧化氮合酶阳性产物逐渐减少,直到卵黄颗粒完全形成。卵泡细胞在卵黄颗粒形成之前呈一氧化氮合酶阴性反应,在卵黄颗粒完成后,卵泡细胞的胞质中开始呈一氧化氮合酶阳性反应,直至卵壳的形成。提示一氧化氮参与了瘦露螽配子发生。     

Astrocyte Markers in the Tanycytes of the Third Brain Ventricle in Postnatal Development and Aging in Rats

Russian Journal of Developmental Biology - We studied the distribution of the main astrocyte markers (glutamine synthetase, glial fibrillary acidic protein, connexin 43) in the tanycytes of the...     

Distribution of NOS-Containing Neurons in Different Regions of the Solitary Complex in Normo- and Hypertensive Rats

In genetically normo- and hypertensive rats, we studied the distribution of nitric oxide synthase (NOS)-containing neurons within the region of the afferent input from arterial baroreceptors to the solitary complex. A high density of NOS-containing neurons was observed mostly in the commissural and dorsolateral nuclei at the level of the area postrema and in the dorsal parts of the intermediate and medial nuclei, at the level of the obex. The number of NOS-containing neurons exerting an inhibitory effect on the baroreflex and the level of sympathetic tone in hypertensive rats was found to be smaller in the dorsolateral nucleus at the level of the area postrema. This peculiarity can cause disinhibition of sympathoactivating neurons in the rostral ventrolateral medulla and enhancement of efferent supraspinal signals coming to sympathetic preganglionic spinal neurons.An erratum to this article can be found at